MyMedR

Pharmacokinetic rationale for a malarial suppressant administered once monthly

Peck CC, Lewis AN, Joyce BE

Ann Trop Med Parasitol, 1975 Jun;69(2):141-5.

Serum was collected from six adults participating in a field trial of sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine in combination which was being administered once monthly for malaria suppression. Samples were drawn during each of two consecutive months three hours, and 7, 14 and 28 days following a dose of 1 500 mg sulfadoxine. Serum sulfadoxine concentration was measured using the method of Bratton and Marshall (1939). Initial serum concentrations averaged 19-9 plus or minus 2-4 (SD) mg/100 ml and decayed to 6-2 plus or minus 2-8 mg/100 ml at 14 days. Serum sulfadoxine concentrations were still detectable at 28 days following a dose (2-1 plus or minus 1-5 mg/100 ml). Elimination half-time averaged 195 plus or minus 44 hours. The presistent serum concentrations of sulfadoxine following monthly doses documented here during field-use of this drug are in agreement with the successful clinical results reported for such a regimen (Lewis and Ponnampalam, 1974; O'Holohan and Hugoe-Mathews, 1971; Wolfensberger, 1971).

Matched MeSH terms: Drug Administration Schedule

Mass treatment of Malayan filariasis in the Gumbasa irrigation area of Central Sulawesi

Putrali J, Kaleb YM, Van Peenen PF, Saroso JS

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1975 Jun;6(2):206-10.

PMID: 1166347

Matched MeSH terms: Drug Administration Schedule

Histoplasmosis: long term remission following treatment with low dose amphotericin-B

Eravelly J, Ramanathan K, Eapen JS

Med J Malaysia, 1975 Sep;30(1):59-62.

PMID: 1236666

Matched MeSH terms: Drug Administration Schedule

Fulltext Tolerance of daily single compared to space dose of Merital

Haq SM, Buhrich N

Med J Malaysia, 1980 Jun;34(4):358-62.

PMID: 7219263

Merital is a recently introduced antidepressant agent which is structurally unrelated to the traditional antidepressant agents and which is reported to have minimal side effects. This study aimed to establish the olerance of a single compared to a spaced dose .schedule of Merital. It was found that a single morrung dose of Merital 100 mgs compared to a similar dose of the drug given in two divided doses did not appreciably increase the frequency or severity of side effects.

Matched MeSH terms: Drug Administration Schedule

Doxycycline in the treatment of falciparum malaria among aborigine children in West Malaysia

Ponnampalam JT

Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1981;75(3):372-7.

PMID: 7034311

Doxycycline in a single dose was found to be a valuable drug in the treatment of chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria. It was less effective in a single daily dose of 4 mg/kg body-weight for four days, when it cured only five out of nine patients, while a dosage of 4 mg/kg body-weight for seven days cured 23 out of 26 patients.

Matched MeSH terms: Drug Administration Schedule

Induction of labour with prostaglandin E2 and amniotomy--a multicentre, three dose schedule study in 1533 patients

Karim SM, Lim SM, Ilancheran A, Ratnam SS, Ang LT, Ng KH, et al.

Ann Acad Med Singap, 1982 Oct;11(4):503-7.

PMID: 7165271

Prostaglandin E2 administered orally and combined with amniotomy was used for induction of labour at or near term in 1533 patients. The study was carried out as a collaborative project between the University Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Singapore, Medan (Indonesia) and Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia). The overall success rates for Medan, Kuala Lumpur and Singapore were 95.6%, 88.1% and 84.7% respectively.

Matched MeSH terms: Drug Administration Schedule

Minimal change glomerular disease in Malaysian adults and use of alternate day steroid therapy

Wang F, Looi LM, Chua CT

Q. J. Med., 1982;51(203):312-28.

PMID: 7146313

One hundred and forty-eight patients over the age of 12 years seen from July 1972 through December 1980 were accepted for this review of minimal change glomerular disease (MCGD). The diagnosis was based on a typical clinical presentation, and renal biopsy findings. MCGD forms 43.5 per cent of our patients with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. The patients were predominantly young adults (82 per cent) and the onset of nephrotic syndrome (NS) occurred below the age of 30 years. Most patients had severe oedema and hypoalbuminaemia. Few patients recovered spontaneously. One hundred and thirty patients were given long-term alternate-day steroid (LASt) therapy. Four had cyclophosphamide alone, 21 patients had cyclophosphamide after a trial of LASt. Eighty-four patients (62.7 per cent) were initial responders: 17 of these after cyclophosphamide, 26 (19.4 per cent) were initial non-responders: five cyclophosphamide, 19 were late responders. Nine patients were partial responders, six were non-responders and one went into renal failure. Forty-one patients defaulted, emigrated or were seen only locally at the time of study. Ninety-nine patients were followed for three to 102 months (mean 23 . 3 months). Thirty-seven patients were followed for 36 to 102 months. Relapses were infrequent but occurred as late as 60 months.

Matched MeSH terms: Drug Administration Schedule

Fulltext Twice daily cimetidine in the initial treatment of chronic gastric ulcer--a double-blind placebo-controlled trial

Tay HH, Yap I, Guan R, Koh PS, LaBrooy SJ, Kang JY

Med J Malaysia, 1988 Jun;43(2):181-5.

PMID: 3070309

Thirty-one patients with endoscopically proven chronic gastric ulcer completed a randomised double-blind trial comparing the effects of cimetidine and placebo on ulcer healing. Seventeen patients received cimetidine 400 mg bid and 14 patients received placebo. Repeat endoscopy at six weeks showed that the ulcer had healed in 12 patients (71%) receiving cimetidine and in four patients (29%) receiving placebo (p=O.032). Non-smokers healed their ulcers better than smokers (83% vs 35%, p=O.023). The use of cimetidine was not associated with any adverse effects.

Matched MeSH terms: Drug Administration Schedule

Fulltext Shortening the onset time of atracurium for rapid tracheal intubation

Jaradi H, Tay KH, Delilkan AE

Med J Malaysia, 1989 Jun;44(2):143-6.

PMID: 2626122

The 'Priming principle' applied to non-depolarizing muscle relaxant atracurium was studied in 60 patients. This was a double blind study. The conditions observed for intubation were graded and the efficacy of priming dose of atracurium for shortening the onset time of intubation was studied. The patients were of ASA classification I and II and received standard premedication. The purpose of the study was to use the priming dose of atracurium to shorten the onset time of intubating dose of atracurium. This would be desirable in conditions requiring rapid intubation and in situations when the depolarizing muscle relaxant suxamethonium is contra-indicated. The results were statistically significant.

Matched MeSH terms: Drug Administration Schedule

Multiple-dose pharmacokinetic study of proguanil and cycloguanil following 12-hourly administration of 100 mg proguanil hydrochloride

Jamaludin A, Mohamad M, Navaratnam V, Yeoh PY, Wernsdorfer WH

Trop. Med. Parasitol., 1990 Sep;41(3):268-72.

PMID: 2255843

A pharmacokinetic study with 12-hourly doses of 100 mg proguanil hydrochloride over 15 days has been conducted in six adult male Malaysian volunteers. Steady state for proguanil was established after the fourth dose on Day 2, for the active metabolite cycloguanil as from Day 3 inclusive. The steady state mean peak concentration of proguanil was 1201.6 +/- 132.4 nmol/l, the mean trough concentration 650.0 +/- 58.1 nmol/l. The corresponding values for cycloguanil were 317.0 +/- 44.4 nmol/l (mean peak) and 230.8 +/- 35.1 nmol/l (mean trough). The profiles and peak/trough ratios of proguanil and cycloguanil with 12-hourly dosing offer better prospects for protection against malaria than those obtained with 24-hourly doses of 200 mg proguanil hydrochloride, the current routine in malaria chemoprophylaxis.

Matched MeSH terms: Drug Administration Schedule

Fulltext Side effects of short course tuberculosis chemotherapy

Simon GK, Lye MS, Ahmad N

Med J Malaysia, 1991 Mar;46(1):88-94.

PMID: 1836044

A retrospective study of 300 tuberculosis patients on short course chemotherapy registered in 1985 at the Chest Clinic, General Hospital Alor Setar, Kedah was carried out with the purpose of identifying patient characteristics, determining incidence of side-effects and modifying treatment regimens in order to minimise these side-effects. One hundred and sixteen (38.7%) patients developed side effects. Twenty seven (9%) had side effects severe enough to warrant a change in treatment regimen. Treatment modifications and ways to minimise or control side effects are discussed.
Study site: Chest clinic, Hospital Alor Setar, Kedah, Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Drug Administration Schedule

Fulltext Comparison of effects of mass annual and biannual single dose therapy with diethylcarbamazine for the control of Malayan filariasis

Panicker KN, Krishnamoorthy K, Sabesan S, Prathiba J, Abidha

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1991 Sep;22(3):402-11.

PMID: 1818392

Annual and biannual mass single dose diethylcarbamazine citrate (DEC) at 6 mg/kg body weight was administered to people in a Brugia malayi endemic area in Shertallai part of Kerala, India, in 1987 and 1988. The coverage of population ranged between 41.33% and 66.01% in different rounds. The highest percentage of treated population developing side reactions was 8.4%. Both annual and biannual regimens were effective in reducing the microfilaria prevalence significantly from 4.90% to 1.23% and from 6.27% to 0.62% respectively and the incidence of infection was minimal in the adult population and zero among children. There was significant reduction in mean microfilaria count in both annual (81.08%) and biannual (98.00%) areas. Marked reduction in the proportion of high density carriers and infectivity index of the population after DEC therapy was also observed. Beneficial effect of mass single dose DEC on clinical cases of filariasis was evident from the reduction in the prevalence of acute manifestations, recent edema cases and the proportion of chronic cases with acute episodes. Results obtained from mass treatment areas were compared with those of the control area.

Matched MeSH terms: Drug Administration Schedule

Chemotherapy of solid tumors in private practice in Malaysia

Narasimha K

Gan To Kagaku Ryoho, 1992 Jul;19(8 Suppl):1220-3.

PMID: 1514835

Matched MeSH terms: Drug Administration Schedule

Pefloxacin and ciprofloxacin in the treatment of uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis in males [corrected]

Cheong LL, Chan RK, Nadarajah M

Genitourin Med, 1992 Aug;68(4):260-2.

PMID: 1328033

To study the effectiveness of single-dose pefloxacin and ciprofloxacin in the treatment of uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis in males.

Matched MeSH terms: Drug Administration Schedule

Fulltext Comparison of the efficacy of single and multiple regimens of carbimazole in the treatment of thyrotoxicosis

Mafauzy M, Wan Mohamad WB, Zahary MK, Mustafa BE

Med J Malaysia, 1993 Mar;48(1):71-5.

PMID: 8341175

Carbimazole, in 3 divided daily doses, is commonly prescribed for the treatment of thyrotoxicosis. However, based on its long intra-thyroid half-life, the drug may be effective when used as a single or twice daily dose. This study was undertaken to determine the effect of once, twice or thrice daily doses of carbimazole on thyroid function in patients with thyrotoxicosis. Seventy previously untreated thyrotoxic patients were randomly allocated to receive carbimazole 30 mg once (group 1), 15 mg twice (group 2) and 10 mg thrice (group 3) daily. All patients were also prescribed propranolol 20 mg thrice daily for the first 4 weeks. Blood was taken for total T3, T4, TSH, blood counts and liver enzymes determinations at the beginning and at 6 weeks of treatment. Only 48 (68.6%) patients were included in the analysis, as the rest defaulted follow-up (20.0%) or blood samples were not available at review (11.4%). Of the 48 patients, 17 were in group 1, 16 in group 2 and 15 in group 3. Following 6 weeks of treatment, there was no significant difference in the mean serum levels of total T3 and T4 between the 3 groups. However, there was a significant decrease in the mean serum levels of total T3 and T4 as compared to the start of the treatment. Four patients (23.5%) in group 1, 4 patients (25%) in group 2 and 3 patients (20%) in group 3 were still thyrotoxic at 6 weeks of treatment, whilst 10 patients (58.8%) in group 1, 6 patients (37.5%) in group 2 and 3 (20%) in group 3 were biochemically hypothyroid.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Matched MeSH terms: Drug Administration Schedule

Gentamicin ototoxicity in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

Gendeh BS, Said H, Gibb AG, Aziz NS, Kong N, Zahir ZM

J Laryngol Otol, 1993 Aug;107(8):681-5.

PMID: 8409715 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215100124132

A prospective study was undertaken of 10 chronic renal failure patients on Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) complicated by repeated bouts of peritonitis treated with gentamicin. Each 10-day treatment course consisted of a 120 mg loading dose, followed by 16 mg in 21 of peritoneal dialysate, given four times a day. Serum gentamicin analysed by enzyme immunoassay showed a mean level of 5.2 micrograms/ml, (range 3.7 to 6.6 mg/ml) four hours after the loading dose. Similar levels, well within the therapeutic range, were maintained on the 3rd, 5th, 7th and 9th days of intraperitoneal gentamicin therapy, suggesting no accumulation of gentamicin in the serum. Pure tone audiometry, electronystagmography and clinical assessment were performed during each course of treatment. Although no evidence of ototoxicity was found during the first two courses of gentamicin, but disequilibrium and bobbing oscillopsia were present during the third and fourth courses of gentamicin. These findings could be explained by cumulative injury to the vestibular apparatus caused by repeated therapeutic insults.

Matched MeSH terms: Drug Administration Schedule

Hydroxyurea treatment for chronic myeloid leukaemia during pregnancy

Jackson N, Shukri A, Ali K

Br J Haematol, 1993 Sep;85(1):203-4.

PMID: 8251394

A patient being treated for chronic myeloid leukaemia with hydroxyurea became pregnant. Despite an increase in the dose of hydroxyurea (to 3 g per day) during the pregnancy, her white blood cell count could only be controlled at about 150 x 10(9)/l. A healthy baby girl was born at 37 weeks with normal blood counts and no evidence of congenital abnormality. There are now five reports of the use of hydroxyurea in pregnancy, and where leukapheresis is not available it may be the treatment of choice.

Matched MeSH terms: Drug Administration Schedule

Oculogyric spasm in Asian psychiatric in-patients on maintenance medication

Tan CH, Chiang PC, Ng LL, Chee KT

Br J Psychiatry, 1994 Sep;165(3):381-3.

PMID: 7994510

BACKGROUND: The objective was to investigate the occurrence and characteristics of oculogyric spasm (OGS) in an Asian country.

METHOD: All 2035 Asian (88% Chinese, 7% Malays and 5% Indonesians) psychiatric in-patients in the state psychiatric hospital in Singapore were surveyed for occurrence of oculogyric spasm (OGS) over a two-month period.

RESULTS: Thirty-four patients (1.7%) developed OGS (53% male and 47% female). All the 34 patients had been on maintenance antipsychotic drugs for more than five months. Eighteen patients had recurrent attacks. The mean chlorpromazine equivalent daily dose for those patients with recurrent OGS was 511 mg. This was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the 277 mg daily dose received by those without recurrent OGS. Most (68%) of the attacks occurred between 1400-2000 h suggesting that OGS may have a diurnal variation.

CONCLUSIONS: OGS presenting as tardive dystonia may be due to a relative increase in cholinergic activity.

Matched MeSH terms: Drug Administration Schedule

Fulltext The use of surgical antibiotic prophylaxis in seven Malaysian hospitals

Lim VK, Cheong YM, Suleiman AB

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1994 Dec;25(4):698-701.

PMID: 7667716

A survey on the use of antibiotics in surgical prophylaxis was carried out in seven Malaysian hospitals. Details of antibiotic prescriptions were obtained through questionnaires completed by the prescriber. A total of 430 such prescriptions was analysed. A large number of different antibiotic regimens were used for a variety of surgical procedures. The majority of prescriptions (70%) were issued for procedures where such prophylaxis was probably not necessary. Antibiotics were also often prescribed for durations that were longer than necessary. There is an urgent need to educate surgeons and standardize surgical prophylactic regimens in order to reduce cost and combat the emergence of antibiotic resistance.

Matched MeSH terms: Drug Administration Schedule

Prevention of duodenal ulcer relapse with omeprazole 20 mg daily: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study

Goh KL, Boonyapisit S, Lai KH, Chang R, Kang JY, Lam SK

J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 1995 1 1;10(1):92-7.

PMID: 7620115

We report the first double-blind, placebo-controlled study that assesses the efficacy and safety of omeprazole 20 mg daily in the maintenance treatment of duodenal ulcer. For the healing phase, 128 patients with endoscopically proven active duodenal ulcer and a history of three or more relapses during the 2 years prior to the study were treated until healing with omeprazole 40 mg daily for 2 and up to 8 weeks. One hundred and twenty-three patients whose ulcers were healed were randomized to receive omeprazole 20 mg daily (n = 60) or placebo (n = 63) for 12 months as maintenance treatment. Patients were interviewed at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months, and endoscopy was performed at 3, 6 and 12 months and whenever symptoms recurred. The healing rates of the 124 patients completing the healing phase were 84, 98 and 100% at 2, 4 and 8 weeks, respectively. During the maintenance phase, eight and four patients discontinued treatment from the omeprazole and placebo groups, respectively. The proportion of patients in remission in the omeprazole group and placebo group after 12 months were 94 and 9% respectively (life table estimates, P < 0.0001). No significant clinical or laboratory changes were observed in patients on therapy with omeprazole. Patients with a history of frequent relapses thus continued to have a very high relapse rate without prophylactic treatment. Omeprazole 20 mg daily was effective and safe in maintaining such patients in remission.

Matched MeSH terms: Drug Administration Schedule

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