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  1. Fulltext A Review of Primary Health Care in Malaysia. A Report for the World Health Organization Western Pacific Region
    Awin N
    Citation: Awin N. A Review of Primary Health Care in Malaysia. A Report for the World Health Organization Western Pacific Region. Manila: World Health Organization Western Pacific Region; 2001
    Matched MeSH terms: Family Health
  2. A case of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia after treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia
    Bee PC, Gan GG, Sangkar JV, Teh A, Goh KY
    Int J Hematol, 2004 May;79(4):358-60.
    PMID: 15218965
    We diagnosed T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) with multiple cytogenetic abnormalities in a 17-year-old girl a year after she had received a diagnosis of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APML). After the diagnosis of APML in June 2001, the patient was treated with idarubicin and all-trans-retinoic acid. In September 1999, her younger sister also received a diagnosis of APML and to date has remained well. T-ALL after remission of APML is very rare, and only 1 such case has been reported. Possible causes include therapy-related reasons, genetic susceptibility to leukemia, and environmental exposure.
    Matched MeSH terms: Family Health
  3. Fulltext A qualitative study on the implementation of family health team: the perspectives of providers and patients
    Mohd Hanafiah AN, Johari MZ, Azam S
    BMC Fam Pract, 2020 08 09;21(1):162.
    PMID: 32772931 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-020-01217-7
    BACKGROUND: Malaysia has committed to the global call to achieve universal health coverage, and with the adoption of Sustainable Development Goals, is further strengthening the health system through the primary health care services, particularly the family doctor concept. The Enhanced Primary Health Care (EnPHC) initiative was implemented to address the worrying upward trend of non-communicable disease prevalence, and incorporates the Family Health Team (FHT) concept. The aim of this paper is to describe the implementation of the FHT as part of the EnPHC intervention.

    METHODS: In-depth interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with the intervention design team, healthcare providers and patients in two rounds during the implementation period. A total of 121 individuals in the two rounds, split into different groups, where some of the participants of the FGD were also interviewed individually. Data were analysed using a thematic analysis, with codes being organised into larger themes.

    RESULTS: Themes that emerged from the data were around the process of FHT implementation and the advantages of the FHT, which included continuity of health care and improved quality of care. Patients and health care providers were receptive to the FHT concept, and took the effort to adapt the concept in the local settings.

    CONCLUSIONS: The FHT concept implemented at 20 public primary health clinics has benefits appreciated by health care providers and patients. Addressing the viable shortcomings would better prepare the current primary healthcare system to scale up the FHT concept nationwide and enhance its feasibility and sustainability.

    TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study is registered with the National Medical Research Register, Ministry of Health Malaysia ( NMRR-17-295-34711 ).

    Matched MeSH terms: Family Health*
  4. Fulltext Acute glomerulonephritis in Kelantan--a prospective study
    D'Cruz F, Samsudin AT, Hamid MS, Abraham T
    Med J Malaysia, 1990 Jun;45(2):123-30.
    PMID: 2152016
    A prospective study of acute nephritis in children was conducted at the Universiti Sains Malaysia Hospital, Kubang Kerian between July 1987 and June 1988. One hundred and twenty four children were admitted with acute glomerulonephritis. The aim of the study was to determine the clinical pattern of the nephritis as well as its aetiology. The majority of our patients came from the lower socio-economic group and 54% of the families had incomes below the poverty line. Preceding skin infection was much more common than throat infection. The children showed a high incidence of complications: severe hypertension (43.6%), hypertensive encephalopathy (11.3%), clinical pulmonary oedema (36.3%), severe azotaemia (10.5%), and prolonged gross haematuria (13.7%). By using immunologic indices such as ASOT, anti-DNase B and complement 3, it was concluded that 121 of the 124 patients had post-streptococcal nephritis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Family Health
  5. Fulltext Advances in Family Health Programme in Malaysia
    Faridah Abu Bakar
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(104):3-3.
    MyJurnal
    The Family Health Programme in Malaysia started off with a humble beginning in the 1920s by the introduction of midwifery legislation under the Straits Settlement Ordinance and the Federal Malay states Midwifery Enactment. Institutionalisation of nursing training took placed in the 1940s while the rural health services for pregnant women and children were established in the 1950’s. In 1967, the school health program was initiated, followed by the de-livery of the school health services in 1972. The Ministry of Health (MoH) set up a Maternal and Child Health unit within the MoH organisation in 1974 to oversee the maternal, child and school health activities. In 1996, the Family Health Development Division was established with the prenatal, adolescent, adult, people with disability and nu-trition health services were incorporated into the family health activities. Subsequently, the age-group wellness and population genetic screening were introduced in year 2000. The family health programme has embraced the public health approach as its building blocks. Throughout the years, individual patient care has advanced the most through the improvement of standards and quality of services within the health clinics. Plateauing of maternal mortality ratio and under-5 mortality rate, increasing trend of non-communicable diseases, remerging of communicable diseases, urbanisation and globalization, and increasing ageing population are new challenges in the delivery of family health services to the community. In order to cater for these challenges, it is crucial to recognise the population health as one of the main component in the family health programmes. Transformation in the scope of new family and popu-lation health is needed to improve the delivery of family programme beyond the boundary of MoH facilities.
    Matched MeSH terms: Family Health
  6. Aggregation and predisposition to Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura at the familial level
    Chan L, Bundy DA, Kan SP
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1994 1 1;88(1):46-8.
    PMID: 8153999 DOI: 10.1016/0035-9203(94)90492-8
    This study examines the persistence of familial aggregation and familial predisposition to Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura infection over 2 periods of treatment and reinfection, in an urban community in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Both parasite species were shown to be aggregated (assessed by the variance to mean ratio) within families at all 3 interventions, although no consistent trend in aggregation was observed over the period of the study. Associations between mean A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura infection levels of families, at all 3 interventions, were highly significant (P < 0.0001), suggesting persistent predisposition at the family level.
    Matched MeSH terms: Family Health*
  7. An initial look at the quality of life of Malaysian families that include children with disabilities
    Clark M, Brown R, Karrapaya R
    J Intellect Disabil Res, 2012 Jan;56(1):45-60.
    PMID: 21435066 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2011.01408.x
    While there is a growing body of literature in the quality of life of families that include children with disabilities, the majority of research has been conducted in western countries. The present study provides an initial exploration of the quality of life of Malaysian families that include children with developmental/intellectual disabilities. Dynamics characterising Malaysian society are described as developments in social policy and service delivery that support persons with disabilities and their families.
    Matched MeSH terms: Family Health/statistics & numerical data*
  8. Fulltext Awareness and knowledge of common eye diseases among the academic staff (non-medical faculties) of University of Malaya
    Chew YK, Reddy SC, Karina R
    Med J Malaysia, 2004 Aug;59(3):305-11.
    PMID: 15727374 MyJurnal
    A cross sectional study was conducted to assess the level of awareness and knowledge of common eye diseases (cataract, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy and refractive errors) among 473 academic staff (non-medical faculties) of University Malaya. The awareness of cataract was in 88.2%, diabetic retinopathy in 83.5%, refractive errors in 75.3% and glaucoma in 71.5% of the study population. The knowledge about all the above common eye diseases was moderate, except presbyopia which was poor. Multivariate analysis revealed that females, older people, and those having family history of eye diseases were significantly more aware and more knowledgeable about the eye diseases. Health education about eye diseases would be beneficial to seek early treatment and prevent visual impairment in the society.
    Matched MeSH terms: Family Health
  9. Fulltext Cassava (ubi kayu) poisoning in children
    Ariffin WA, Choo KE, Karnaneedi S
    Med J Malaysia, 1992 Sep;47(3):231-4.
    PMID: 1491651
    Three sisters with cassava poisoning are described. A review of the toxic properties of cassava is presented together with discussion on the methods of its preparation, its adverse effects on man, its detoxification in the body, and the treatment of its poisoning.
    Matched MeSH terms: Family Health
  10. Central and peripheral blood pressure profile of young offspring with hypertensive and normotensive parents
    Othman AS, Othman NI, Rosman A, Nudin SS, Rahman AR
    J Hypertens, 2012 Aug;30(8):1552-5.
    PMID: 22635140 DOI: 10.1097/HJH.0b013e328355207b
    OBJECTIVES: In this cross-sectional study we compared the central aortic systolic pressure (CASP), peripheral brachial systolic pressure (PSP), peripheral brachial diastolic pressure (PDP) and augmentation index (AIx) between normotensive offspring of nonhypertensive parents (ONT) and normotensive offspring with at least one hypertensive parent (OHT).
    METHODOLOGY: A total of 100 healthy ONT (mean age 20.95 ± 2.06) and 100 healthy OHT (mean age 20.89 ± 2.12) individuals were recruited. Parental history of hypertension was determined by detailed history taking. CASP, PSP, PDP and AIx were measured using the BPro device. All blood pressure (BP) measurements were calibrated using oscillometric BP readings.
    RESULTS: The OHT group had higher PSP (117.57 ± 10.06 versus 114.52 ± 8.94, P < 0.05), PDP (72.39 ± 7.28 versus 70.39 ± 6.50, P < 0.05) and CASP (103.72 ± 8.95 versus 101.37 ± 7.74, P < 0.05) compared to the ONT group. There was no significant difference in AIx in the ONT group (57.97 ± 11.02 versus 58.08 ± 12.16, P = 0.95) in comparison to the OHT group. However, following adjustments for certain cardiovascular risk factors, only PSP (117.33 versus 114.76, P < 0.05) remained significantly higher in the OHT group compared to the ONT group. Analysis of adjusted data within sex showed that CASP was higher in the female OHT group compared to the female ONT group, whereas PDP were higher in the male OHT group compared to the male ONT group.
    CONCLUSION: Alterations in PSP, PDP and CASP are already present in early life in normotensive offspring of hypertensive parents, with possible differences in mechanism between different sexes.
    Study site: Clinical Research Laboratory in Cyberjaya University College of Medical Sciences, Selangor, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Family Health
  11. Fulltext Co-inheritance of compound heterozygous Hb Constant Spring and a single -alpha(3.7) gene deletion with heterozygous deltabeta thalassaemia: a diagnostic challenge
    Azma RZ, Othman A, Azman N, Alauddin H, Ithnin A, Yusof N, et al.
    Malays J Pathol, 2012 Jun;34(1):57-62.
    PMID: 22870600
    Haemoglobin Constant Spring (Hb CS) mutation and single gene deletions are common underlying genetic abnormalities for alpha thalassaemias. Co-inheritance of deletional and non-deletional alpha (alpha) thalassaemias may result in various thalassaemia syndromes. Concomitant co-inheritance with beta (beta) and delta (delta) gene abnormalities would result in improved clinical phenotype. We report here a 33-year-old male patient who was admitted with dengue haemorrhagic fever, with a background history of Grave's disease, incidentally noted to have mild hypochromic microcytic red cell indices. Physical examination revealed no thalassaemic features or hepatosplenomegaly. His full blood picture showed hypochromic microcytic red cells with normal haemoglobin (Hb) level. Quantitation of Hb using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) revealed raised Hb F, normal Hb A2 and Hb A levels. There was also small peak of Hb CS noted in CE. H inclusions was negative. Kleihauer test was positive with heterocellular distribution of Hb F among the red cells. DNA analysis for alpha globin gene mutations showed a single -alpha(-3.7) deletion and Hb CS mutation. These findings were suggestive of compound heterozygosity of Hb CS and a single -alpha(-3.7) deletion with a concomitant heterozygous deltabeta thalassaemia. Co-inheritance of Hb CS and a single -alpha(-3.7) deletion is expected to result at the very least in a clinical phenotype similar to that of two alpha genes deletion. However we demonstrate here a phenotypic modification of alpha thalassemia presumptively as a result of co-inheritance with deltabeta chain abnormality as suggested by the high Hb F level.
    Matched MeSH terms: Family Health
  12. Colorectal cancer in Asians: a demographic and anatomic survey in Malaysian patients undergoing colonoscopy
    Goh KL, Quek KF, Yeo GT, Hilmi IN, Lee CK, Hasnida N, et al.
    Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 2005 Nov 1;22(9):859-64.
    PMID: 16225496
    Colorectal cancer is one of the most common forms of gastrointestinal cancer in the world today. In the Asia-Pacific area, it is the fastest emerging gastrointestinal cancer.
    Matched MeSH terms: Family Health
  13. Darkroom prone provocative test in primary angle closure glaucoma relatives
    Zahari M, Ong YM, Taharin R, Ramli N
    Optom Vis Sci, 2014 Apr;91(4):459-63.
    PMID: 24637481 DOI: 10.1097/OPX.0000000000000220
    To evaluate ocular biometric parameters and darkroom prone provocative test (DPPT) in family members of primary angle closure (PAC) glaucoma (PACG) patients and to establish any correlation between these biometric parameters and the DPPT response.
    Matched MeSH terms: Family Health
  14. Diagnosis and management of Duchenne muscular dystrophy in a developing country over a 10-year period
    Thong MK, Bazlin RI, Wong KT
    Dev Med Child Neurol, 2005 Jul;47(7):474-7.
    PMID: 15991868
    Clinical data on Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) are lacking in developing countries. The objective of this study was to delineate the demographic characteristics, investigations, and outcome of 21 Malaysian males diagnosed with DMD over a period of 10 years. Mean age presentation was 3 years 8 months (SD 23mo; range 10 to 84mo), mean duration from first presentation to diagnosis was 3y 7mo (SD 26mo; range 5 to 84) and the mean age for loss of ambulation was 11 years (SD 25mo; range 102 to 168). There was family history of DMD in five of the 21 patients. Muscle biopsy showed confirmatory findings of DMD in the 16 patients tested. Molecular genetic analysis showed dystrophin gene deletions in 11 of these 16 patients. Four and seven of the students stopped schooling and had learning difficulties, respectively; only nine had satisfactory school performances. Eight out of 14 patients evaluated were classified as having severe to total dependency levels on the modified Barthel Index for activities of daily living assessment. DMD is associated with significant medical and social needs for a developing country such as Malaysia. Earlier referral, genetic counselling, and provision of support and rehabilitative services are the main priorities.
    Matched MeSH terms: Family Health
  15. Fulltext Does a positive family history influence the presentation of breast cancer?
    Yip CH, bt Mohd Taib NA, Lau PC
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2008 Jan-Mar;9(1):63-5.
    PMID: 18439076
    INTRODUCTION: An important risk factor for developing breast cancer is a positive family history of breast cancer. In Malaysia, there is no population-based breast screening programme, but the clinical practice guidelines suggest increased surveillance for those with a positive family history ie mammography for those 40 years old and above, breast self-examination and clinical breast examination yearly.
    OBJECTIVE: To determine if women with a family history of breast cancer present with earlier stages of disease.
    METHODOLOGY: From Jan 2001 to Dec 2006, 1553 women with breast cancer presenting to the University Malaya, where family history was recorded, were eligible for this study. Women with a first or second degree relative with breast cancer were compared with those who have no family history with regard to their race, age, stage, size and duration of symptoms. The Chi Square test of significance was used for analysis.
    RESULTS: Out of 1553 patients, 252 (16.2%) were found to have a relative with breast cancer out of which 174 (11.2%) had at least one affected first degree relative. There were no significant difference in the incidence of positive family history between the Malays, Chinese and Indians. 20% below the age of 40 years old had a positive family history compared with 12.6% in women with no family history. (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in stage at diagnosis between those with and without family history, ie 24.2% late stages (Stage 3 and 4) in the group with no family history compared with 21.8% in the group with family history. (p>0.05). The mean size in the group with no family history was 4.4 cm compared to 4.1 cm in the group with family history. There was a significant difference in screen-detected cancers in the women with family history, 10.7% compared with 5.1% of screen-detected cancers in the group without a family history. However there was no difference in the duration of symptoms between the 2 groups--25.8% in the women without a family history presented after 1 year of symptoms compared with 22.4% in the group with a family history (p>0.05).
    CONCLUSION: Having a family history of breast cancer does not appear to have much impact on the health-seeking behavior of women. Even though there were more screen detected cancers, these comprised only 10% of the group with family history. Public education should target women at risk ie with family history to encourage these women to present earlier and to undergo screening for breast cancer.
    Matched MeSH terms: Family Health
  16. Fulltext Epidemiology of Plasmodium knowlesi malaria in north-east Sabah, Malaysia: family clusters and wide age distribution
    Barber BE, William T, Dhararaj P, Anderios F, Grigg MJ, Yeo TW, et al.
    Malar J, 2012;11:401.
    PMID: 23216947 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-11-401
    The simian parasite Plasmodium knowlesi is a common cause of human malaria in Malaysian Borneo, with a particularly high incidence in Kudat, Sabah. Little is known however about the epidemiology in this substantially deforested region.
    Matched MeSH terms: Family Health
  17. Ethnic variation of genetic (idiopathic) generalized epilepsy in Malaysia
    Lim KS, Ng CC, Chan CK, Foo WS, Low JS, Tan CT
    Seizure, 2017 Feb;45:24-27.
    PMID: 27912112 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2016.11.011
    PURPOSE: Ethnic variation in epilepsy classification was reported in the Epilepsy Phenome/Genome Project. This study aimed to determine the ethnic variation in the prevalence of genetic (idiopathic) generalized epilepsy (GGE) and GGE with family history in a multi-ethnic Asian population in Malaysia.

    METHOD: In this cross-sectional study, 392 patients with a clinical diagnosis of GGE were recruited in the neurology outpatient clinic, University of Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), from January 2011 till April 2016.

    RESULTS: In our epilepsy cohort (n=2100), 18.7% were diagnosed to have GGE. Of those, 28.6% >(N=112) had family history of epilepsy with a mean age of seizure onset of 16.5 years old, and 42.0% had myoclonic seizures (N=47). The lifetime prevalence of epilepsy among first-degree relative of those with GGE and positive family history was 15.0%. Analysis according to ethnicity showed that Malaysian Chinese had the lowest percentage of GGE among those with epilepsy (12.3%), as compared with Indian and Malay (25.3% and 21.3%, p<0.001). In addition, 32.1% of these Indian patients with GGE had positive family history, which is more than the Malay (26.4%) and Chinese (27.5%) ethnic groups. Consanguineous marriage was noted in 5 Indian families with positive family history (9.6%).

    CONCLUSION: There was ethnic variation in the prevalence of GGE, whereby the Malaysian Chinese had the lowest percentage of GGE as compared with Indian and Malay. A substantial proportion of GGE had positive family history among the three ethnics groups.

    Study site: neurology outpatient clinic, University of Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC)
    Matched MeSH terms: Family Health*
  18. Fulltext Factor IX mutations in haemophilia B patients in Malaysia: a preliminary study
    Balraj P, Ahmad M, Khoo AS, Ayob Y
    Malays J Pathol, 2012 Jun;34(1):67-9.
    PMID: 22870602 MyJurnal
    Haemophilia B is caused by coagulation defects in the factor IX gene located in Xq27.1 on the X chromosome. Identification of mutations contributing to defective factor IX may be advantageous for precise carrier and prenatal diagnosis. We studied 16 patients from 11 families, consisting of 8 patients of the Malay ethnic group, of which 6 were siblings. Factor IX mutations have not been previously reported in the Malay ethnic group. The functional region of the factor IX gene was sequenced and mutations were identified in either the exon or intronic regions in 15 of the patients. One novel mutation, 6660_6664delTTCTT was identified in siblings with moderate form of haemophilia B. Mutations identified in our patients when linked with disease severity were similar to findings in other populations. In summary, this preliminary data will be used to build a Malaysian mutation database which would facilitate genetic counseling.
    Matched MeSH terms: Family Health
  19. Familial cases of missing mandibular incisor: three case presentations
    Chai WL, Ngeow WC
    Dent Update, 1999 Sep;26(7):298-302.
    PMID: 10765775
    Hypodontia is the congenital absence of one or more teeth because of agenesis. The most commonly missing teeth are the third molars, the maxillary lateral incisors and the second premolars. Cases are presented of three patients with a missing mandibular incisor.
    Matched MeSH terms: Family Health
  20. Fulltext Family characteristics of suicides in Cameron Highlands: a controlled study
    Maniam T
    Med J Malaysia, 1994 Sep;49(3):247-51.
    PMID: 7845274
    Cameron Highlands has one of the highest suicide rates in the world, especially among Indians. Forty Indian families (19 suicides; 21 controls) were studied to compare family characteristics such as income, overcrowding, birth order of index cases of suicide, family history of suicidal behaviour or mental illness, marital disharmony, presence of alcohol abuse, availability of, and knowledge about, weedicides/insecticides, talk/threat of suicide among family members and experience of significant losses in the past year. Controls were matched for age, sex and educational level with the index cases of suicide. A significant difference was only found for one of the above factors, namely increased experience of significant losses in the past year in the family of index cases of suicide. More than 75% in both groups had alcohol related problems. About equal proportions in each group had a family history of suicidal behaviour and mental illness. There was more marital disharmony in families of suicides but this failed to reach significance. These results and methodological limitations of this study are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Family Health/ethnology*
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