MyMedR

Clinical synopsis and investigations on fourteen patients with blast injuries of the ear successfully treated at the ENT Unit of the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, revealed few interesting observations in addition to usual findings. The most outstanding one was the absence of sensorineural deafness, although it has been claimed as one of the most constant features. Conservative management alone was found to be of significant value.

Matched MeSH terms: Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/diagnosis*

Fulltext Disyllabic Malay word lists for speech audiometry

Yiap KH

Med J Malaysia, 1984 Sep;39(3):197-204.

PMID: 6544920

A clinical study was undertaken to standardize a set of Malay word lists for speech audiometry evaluations. A set of ten word lists is drawn out to test a general Malay-speaking population. A normal discrimination curve is obtained using these materials and some examples of clinical applications are illustrated.

Matched MeSH terms: Hearing Disorders/diagnosis

A study of the results of speech language and hearing assessment of three groups of repaired cleft palate children and adults

Abdullah S

Ann Acad Med Singap, 1988 Jul;17(3):388-91.

PMID: 3218930

The results of speech, language and hearing assessment of repaired cleft palate children and adults over a 4-year period at the Speech/Language therapy unit, Department of ENT, Faculty of Medicine, UKM are reported. The subjects were 33 incomplete cleft lip palate (ICLP), 48 unilateral complete cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and 26 bilateral complete cleft lip and palate (BCLP). Results obtained for the following assessments are reported and discussed: (i) Hearing assessment, (ii) intelligibility rate, (iii) severity of hyper-nasality and (iv) types of articulation errors and school/behaviour problems and nasal grimace. Due to subject variability in ethnicity, language and dialects and the lack of normal data, it is difficult to compare or repeat previously reported results. Assessment of intelligibility, hypernasality and articulation were conducted using the Malay language. Results obtained were compared among the three groups of subjects. The significant findings were that hypernasality, intelligibility and articulation errors were more severe in the ICLP group than in the UCLP or BCLP groups of patients. This is contrary to expectations and cannot be explained in terms of the type and/or the degree of clefting. Hence, special attention should be paid to the less overt type of cleft patients in so far as their speech assessment and rehabilitation are concerned.

Matched MeSH terms: Hearing Loss, Conductive/etiology*; Hearing Loss/etiology*

Fulltext Idiopathic sudden sensorineural deafness--an approach to the problem.

V K Khanijow VK, Raman R

Singapore Med J, 1988 Feb;29(1):76-7.

PMID: 3406777

Matched MeSH terms: Hearing Loss, Sensorineural*

Hearing loss and ear disorders in Malaysian school children

Elango S, Purohit GN, Hashim M, Hilmi R

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 1991 Jul;22(1):75-80.

PMID: 1917340

In Malaysia 1,307 randomly selected primary school children were screened to find out the prevalence of hearing loss and middle ear disorders. Seventy-six students (5.81%) failed the screening audiometric test. There were 95 students (7.26%) with middle ear disorders. History of ear discharge was absent in 24 out of 57 cases with CSOM (42.11%) (P less than 0.001). Forty-three out of 95 children having middle ear disorders passed the screening audiometric test (P less than 0.01 Fisher exact test). Screening audiometric test fails to detect about 46% of cases with middle ear disorders. Screening audiometric test and otological examination if conducted by the school health medical officers regularly will be able to detect almost all the cases with hearing loss and middle ear disorders.

Matched MeSH terms: Hearing Disorders/diagnosis; Hearing Disorders/epidemiology*

Fulltext The noise exposed factory workers: the prevalence of sensori-neural hearing loss and their use of personal hearing protection devices

Maisarah SZ, Said H

Med J Malaysia, 1993 Sep;48(3):280-5.

PMID: 8183139

A total of 524 industrial workers were studied. They consisted of 442 noise exposed and 82 non-noise exposed workers. The purpose was to compare the prevalence of sensori-neural hearing loss among the noise exposed and the non-noise exposed workers, to study their knowledge on the hazard of noise to hearing and the workers' attitude towards the hearing protection devices. The prevalence of sensori-neural hearing loss was significantly higher among the noise exposed workers, i.e., 83% versus 31.7% (p < 0.01). However, the prevalence of hearing impairment was much lower for both groups, being 30.1% for the noise exposed and 3.7% for the non-noise exposed group. Although hearing protection devices were provided to 80.5% of the workers, only 5.1% were wearing them regularly. The possibility of developing hearing loss due to exposure to excessive noise was only known by 35.5% of the noise exposed workers. This awareness was found to have a positive correlation with the workers' compliance to the hearing protection devices. Our findings highlight the need for workers to be educated on the hazards of excessive noise exposure to hearing.

Matched MeSH terms: Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/epidemiology*; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/epidemiology*; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/prevention & control

Fulltext Idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss. University hospital experience

Amin JM

Med J Malaysia, 1993 Dec;48(4):407-9.

PMID: 7514259

Thirty patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss who presented to the University Hospital between January 1985 to January 1992 are presented. The combined regime of bed rest, intravenous dextran 40, vasodilator and steroid therapy produced good improvement in 63.4% of patients. Unfavourable prognostic factors were found to be, hearing loss of more than two weeks duration, vertigo and bilateral hearing loss.

Matched MeSH terms: Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/therapy*

Additional conductive hearing loss in children from a school for the deaf in Malaysia

Elango S, Htun YN, Raza H

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 1994 Jan;28(2-3):125-8.

PMID: 8157410

A total of 165 children from a school for the deaf in Malaysia were screened to find out the prevalence of additional conductive hearing loss. Otological examination, tympanometry and pure tone audiometry were performed in all these children. Fifty-one children (30.9%) had additional conductive hearing loss. Middle ear disorders were present in 15 children (9.09%). The deaf children seldom complain about the change in their hearing sensitivity, so there is a need for regular otological examination in deaf children to detect the additional conductive hearing loss.

Matched MeSH terms: Hearing Loss, Conductive/complications; Hearing Loss, Conductive/diagnosis*

Fulltext Prevalence of hearing loss and hearing impairment among rural males in Selangor, 1993. [Prevalens kurang pendengaran dan gangguan pendengaran penduduk lelaki luarbandar Selangor, 1993]

Noor Hassim I, Rampal KG

Med J Malaysia, 1994 Mar;49(1):78-85.

PMID: 8057996

A cross sectional study to determine the prevalence of hearing loss and hearing impairment was conducted on 286 male subjects from a rural area. The sample was chosen by using a simple random sampling method. Prevalence of symptoms of tinnitus, ear disease, ear drum perforation and infection of external auditory meatus was 19.0 per cent, 6.7 per cent, 3.5 per cent and 0.4 per cent respectively. Air conduction audiometry tests showed the prevalences of hearing impairment of the left, right and both ears (aged 15-30 years) were 5.9%, 8.8% and 0% respectively. The prevalence of hearing loss increased with age. The higher frequencies (> 4KHz) appeared to be more affected than the lower frequencies.

Matched MeSH terms: Hearing Disorders/diagnosis; Hearing Disorders/etiology; Hearing Disorders/epidemiology*

Risk factors associated with hearing loss in term neonates with hyperbilirubinaemia

Boo NY, Oakes M, Lye MS, Said H

J Trop Pediatr, 1994 Aug;40(4):194-7.

PMID: 7932930

A study of 128 jaundiced term neonates showed that 28 (22 per cent) had hearing loss based on brain stem-evoked response. There was no significant difference in the percentage of neonates with hearing loss between those with peak serum bilirubin levels of less than 340 mumol/l (16 per cent) and those with hyperbilirubinaemia > 339 mumol/l (33 per cent) (P = 0.11). Logistic regression analysis showed that severe jaundice which required exchange transfusion and earlier age of onset of hyperbilirubinaemia were statistically significant risk factors associated with hearing loss (P = 0.038 and P = 0.012, respectively).

Matched MeSH terms: Hearing Loss/diagnosis; Hearing Loss/etiology*; Hearing Loss/epidemiology

Pure-tone audiometry and auditory brainstem responses in noise-induced deafness

Noorhassim I, Kaga K, Nishimura K

Am J Otolaryngol, 1996 1 1;17(1):31-5.

PMID: 8801813

PURPOSE: The objective of this study is to find the relationship between pure-tone audiometry results and the auditory brainstem response wave abnormalities.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The pure-tone audiometry (PTA) and auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) from 22 patients (44 ears) with diagnosed noise-induced permanent hearing loss were studied. Three indices of PTA were average thresholds of 0.5 kHz/, /1 kHz, and 2 kHz (PTA1); 2 kHz and 4 kHz (PTA2); and 4 kHz (PTA3) were subdivided into 3 thresholds of hearing. Their relationships with ABR results were analysed. The patterns of PTA from various groups of ABR wave patterns were studied.

RESULTS: In this study, the abnormal ABR wave patterns were detected in 72.7% of the ears. The ears with prolonged ABR wave latency, absent early waves, prolong interpeak wave I-V latency was 20.5%, 18.2%, and 21.1%, respectively. Normal ABRs were recorded in 27.3% of the ears despite marked thresholds elevation of the PTA at high frequencies. Other relationships between PTA results and ABR wave results were discussed.

CONCLUSION: There were relationships between severity of noise-induced hearing loss indicated by PTA and the patterns of ABR wave abnormalities among workers with noise-induced permanent hearing loss.

Matched MeSH terms: Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/diagnosis*

Fulltext Hearing loss in diving--a study amongst Navy divers

Zulkaflay AR, Saim L, Said H, Mukari SZ, Esa R

Med J Malaysia, 1996 Mar;51(1):103-8.

PMID: 10967988

Despite the commonly observed condition of middle and inner ear barotrauma among divers, there is little evidence of insidious and permanent development of sensorineural hearing loss associated with diving. An audiometric survey was performed on a group of 120 divers and 166 non divers from the Royal Malaysian Naval Base in Lumut, West Malaysia between July to December 1991. The results of this survey revealed that insidious development of high frequency sensorineural hearing loss may be associated with diving. At frequencies 4000, 6000 and 8000 Hz the divers had higher mean hearing levels than non divers and their hearing at those frequencies seemed to deteriorate faster. The etiology of this insidious hearing loss is multifactorial and may be related to inner ear barotrauma, decompression sickness or noise-induced deafness.

Matched MeSH terms: Hearing

Fulltext Post meningitic sensori-neural hearing loss in children--alterations in hearing level

Yeat SW, Mukari SZ, Said H, Motilal R

Med J Malaysia, 1997 Sep;52(3):285-90.

PMID: 10968099

Post meningitic sensori-neural hearing loss was studied in forty new cases of bacterial meningitis and ten cases of viral meningitis treated at the Pediatric Institute, Kuala Lumpur Hospital from April 1991 to March 1992. Hearing assessment at 2 weeks, 3 months and 6 months following the diagnosis of meningitis using Brain Stem Evoked Response Audiometry showed that hearing loss was prevalent only in patients with bacterial meningitis. Hearing loss was detected in 32.5% of these patients during the acute phase of the disease, 22.8% after 3 months and 24.2% after 6 months. In 63.6% of the affected cases, hearing loss was bilateral. In 61.5% of the patients who had hearing loss during the acute phase of the disease, it was permanent, 16.7% had either partial or complete recovery and, 15.4% had deterioration in hearing level. In 2 cases the subsequent hearing level was unknown. The risk of developing sensori neural hearing loss was found to be significantly higher in patients who developed other neurological sequelae. The study highlights the importance of performing repeated hearing assessment in children with bacterial meningitis and the difficulty in appropriate selection of hearing aids in the early stages.

Matched MeSH terms: Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/etiology*

Vancomycin administration in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: the risk of ototoxicity

Gendeh BS, Gibb AG, Aziz NS, Kong N, Zahir ZM

Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 1998 Apr;118(4):551-8.

PMID: 9560111

A prospective study was undertaken in 16 patients with chronic renal failure on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, with 22 episodes of peritonitis treated with vancomycin, a known ototoxic agent. Twelve patients had one episode each, and four had recurrent peritonitis. Each treatment course consisted of two infusions of vancomycin (30 mg/kg body weight) in 2 L of peritoneal dialysate administered at 6-day intervals. Serum vancomycin analyzed by enzyme immunoassay showed a mean trough level of 11.00 microg/ml on day 6 and mean serum levels of 33.8 and 38.6 microg/ml about 12 hours after administration on days 1 and 7, respectively. Similar levels, well within the therapeutic range, were encountered with repeated vancomycin therapy for recurrent episodes of peritonitis, suggesting that no changes occurred in the pharmacokinetic profile of the drug. Pure-tone audiometry, electronystagmography, and clinical assessment performed during each course of treatment showed no evidence of ototoxicity even on repeated courses of vancomycin therapy. The results suggest that vancomycin therapy when given in appropriate concentrations as a single therapeutic agent is both effective and safe. We believe, however, that vancomycin administered in combination with an aminoglycoside may produce ototoxic effects that may be greatly aggravated, possibly because of synergism.

Matched MeSH terms: Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/blood; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/chemically induced*; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/diagnosis

Multiplicative effect of smoking and age on hearing impairment

Noorhassim I, Rampal KG

Am J Otolaryngol, 1998 8 6;19(4):240-3.

PMID: 9692632

PURPOSE: To determine the combined effect of smoking and age on hearing impairment.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pure tone audiometry test was conducted on 263 residents of a rural village who were not exposed to noise. The pack-years of smoking were computed from the subjects' smoking history. The association between pack-years and hearing impairment was assessed. The combined effect of smoking and age on hearing impairment was determined based on prevalence rate ratio.

RESULTS: There was a statistically significant trend in the number of pack-years of smoking and age as risk factors for hearing impairment. The prevalence rates of hearing impairment for nonsmokers aged 40 years and younger, smokers aged 40 years and younger, nonsmokers older than 40 years of age, and smokers older than 40 years of age were 6.9%, 11.9%, 29.7%, and 51.3%, respectively. The prevalence rate ratio for nonsmokers aged 40 years and younger, smokers aged 40 years and younger, nonsmokers older than 40 years of age, and smokers older than 40 years of age (nonsmokers aged 40 years and younger as a reference group) was 1, 1.7, 4.3, and 7.5, respectively. The prevalence rate ratios showed a multiplicative effect of smoking and age on hearing impairment.

CONCLUSION: Age and smoking are risk factors for hearing impairment. It is clear that smoking and age have multiplicative adverse effects on hearing impairment.

Matched MeSH terms: Hearing Disorders/etiology*; Hearing Disorders/epidemiology

Fulltext Parents' awareness and knowledge of the special needs of their hearing-impaired child

Mukari SZ, Vandort S, Ahmad K, Saim L, Mohamed AS

Med J Malaysia, 1999 Mar;54(1):87-95.

PMID: 10972010

We surveyed parents of school-aged hearing impaired children to investigate their awareness and knowledge of the special needs of their child, especially in the area of the usage of hearing aids and methods of communication. Questionnaires were distributed to parents of hearing impaired children at 13 special schools for the deaf in Malaysia. Out of 1,267 questionnaires given out, 787 (62.1%) were completed and returned. Results of the survey indicated the majority of parents (68.6%) suspected hearing loss late, that is after their child's first birthday, and there was a significant time lag before the suspicion was confirmed. Over 82.8% of the children were diagnosed only after 1 year of age, with 41.3% being diagnosed after 3 years of age. Hearing aids were fitted late (mean = 5.32 years; SD = 2.66). Hearing aid ownership was influenced by the factors of socio-economic level and ethnic group (p < 0.01) whereas knowledge of use and proper care of the aids was influenced by socio-economic level (p < 0.01). Communication methods were generally inappropriate with 41.3% of the mothers and 48.5% of the fathers reporting ignorance of Bahasa Malaysia Kod Tangan, the sign language that is commonly used by their children. The parents' choice of communication method was not significantly influenced by socio-economic level or ethnic group. The study revealed the present inadequate state of services available for the rehabilitation of children with congenital hearing impairment.

Matched MeSH terms: Hearing Aids; Hearing Disorders/congenital*; Hearing Disorders/diagnosis; Hearing Disorders/physiopathology*; Hearing Disorders/psychology

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