MyMedR

A comparative study of malaria prophylaxis in peninsular Malaysia using chloroquine and a combination of sulphadoxine and pyrimethamine

Ponnampalam JT

J Trop Med Hyg, 1978 Oct;81(10):198-203.

PMID: 366165

Matched MeSH terms: Malaria/prevention & control*

A comprehensive account of the malaria eradication pilot project in Malaya

Huehne WH, Ahmad MD, Seng LD, Pull JH

Med J Malaya, 1966 Sep;21(1):3-25.

PMID: 4224876

Matched MeSH terms: Malaria/prevention & control*

Fulltext A reference genome and methylome for the Plasmodium knowlesi A1-H.1 line

Benavente ED, de Sessions PF, Moon RW, Grainger M, Holder AA, Blackman MJ, et al.

Int J Parasitol, 2018 03;48(3-4):191-196.

PMID: 29258833 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2017.09.008

Plasmodium knowlesi, a common parasite of macaques, is recognised as a significant cause of human malaria in Malaysia. The P. knowlesi A1H1 line has been adapted to continuous culture in human erythrocytes, successfully providing an in vitro model to study the parasite. We have assembled a reference genome for the PkA1-H.1 line using PacBio long read combined with Illumina short read sequence data. Compared with the H-strain reference, the new reference has improved genome coverage and a novel description of methylation sites. The PkA1-H.1 reference will enhance the capabilities of the in vitro model to improve the understanding of P. knowlesi infection in humans.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaria/prevention & control

Fulltext A report of Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae) attracted to cow bait in a malaria endemic village in Peninsular Malaysia near the Thailand border

Rahman WA, Abu Hassan A, Adanan CR, Mohd Razha R

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1995 Jun;26(2):359-63.

PMID: 8629076

Twelve species of Anopheles were collected by using cow-baited net trap in a malarial endemic village in northern Peninsular Malaysia. Anopheles maculatus which is the main malaria vector with its densities were related to drought. An. aconitus, An. kochi and An. philippinensis were less susceptible to P. falciparum and P. vivax infection, and are not considered important in falciparum or vivax malaria transmission. Biting activities of An. kochi and An. vagus were primarily active after dusk and steadily declined after midnight. An. maculatus and An. aconitus showed biting activities throughout the night but An. maculatus showed two peaks of biting activity in the first half of the night.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaria/prevention & control*

Fulltext A simple, high-throughput, colourimetric, field applicable loop-mediated isothermal amplification (HtLAMP) assay for malaria elimination

Britton S, Cheng Q, Sutherland CJ, McCarthy JS

Malar J, 2015;14:335.

PMID: 26315027 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-015-0848-3

To detect all malaria infections in elimination settings sensitive, high throughput and field deployable diagnostic tools are required. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) represents a possible field-applicable molecular diagnostic tool. However, current LAMP platforms are limited by their capacity for high throughput.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaria/prevention & control

Administrative problems and financial aspects of malaria control

Gilliland J

S. Afr. Med. J., 1974 Jul 6;48(32):1392-4.

PMID: 4450167

Matched MeSH terms: Malaria/prevention & control*

Adopting the primary health care approach in malaria control in Malaysia: lessons in community participation

Riji HM

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1992;23 Suppl 1:18-22.

PMID: 1341838

The Primary Health Care approach in Malaysia was first tried out in Sarawak, East Malaysia in 1982. In 1984, the Vector Borne Disease Control Program, Kelantan decided to adopt the Primary Health Care approach as an additional strategy in its effort to control malaria in the state, which then experienced an increase in malaria cases. Much effort was directed at creating the awareness and stimulating the interest of health staff and communities to adopt the strategy. Kelantan was made the model state. The paper gives an outline of the process involved and some characteristics of PHC workers. A study was carried out among health workers, community members and health staff on their knowledge and involvement in PHC in three states, including Kelantan. In view of the overall success of this approach, and the weaknesses which have been identified possible solutions have been suggested and should be acted upon.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaria/prevention & control*

An experiment in the control of rural malaria in Malaya

EDESON JF, WHARTON RH, WILSON T, REID JA

Med J Malaya, 1957 Sep;12(1):319-47.

PMID: 13492806

Matched MeSH terms: Malaria/prevention & control*

Fulltext An information-motivation-behavioural skills analysis of long-lasting insecticidal net use among pregnant women in a hospital in North-Eastern Nigeria

Balami AD, Said SM, Zulkefli NAM, Bachok N, Balami EL

BMC Med Res Methodol, 2019 07 18;19(1):157.

PMID: 31319810 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-019-0803-z

BACKGROUND: Sleeping under a long-lasting insecticidal net (LLIN) is recommended for all pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa, due to the high prevalence of malaria infection and its associated complications in the region. Despite this, LLIN use has still remained sub-optimal among pregnant women in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Understanding the interplay of factors influencing this important health behaviour would guide the development of interventions to promote its adoption.

METHODS: Data was collected from 380 randomly selected antenatal care attendees of a hospital in Maiduguri, using structured questionnaires. This data was then used to test the Information-Motivation-Behavioural Skills (IMB) model, for model fit, and interrelations among the constructs, using the structural equation modelling analysis with Smart-PLS.

RESULTS: Information and motivation were significantly related to behavioural skills (r = 0.29, p

Matched MeSH terms: Malaria/prevention & control*

Barrier spraying at the Kelantan side of the Thai-Malaysia border

Huehne WH

J Trop Med Hyg, 1971 May;74(5):106-9.

PMID: 5580454

Matched MeSH terms: Malaria/prevention & control*

Chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria among British service personnel in West Malaysia and Singapore

McKelvey TP, Lundie AR, Vanreenen RM, Williams ED, Moore HS, Thomas MJ, et al.

Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1971;65(3):286-309.

PMID: 4934534

Matched MeSH terms: Malaria/prevention & control

Comparative field evaluation of residual-sprayed deltamethrin WG and deltamethrin WP for the control of malaria in Pahang, Malaysia

Rohani A, Zamree I, Lim LH, Rahini H, David L, Kamilan D

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2006 Nov;37(6):1139-48.

PMID: 17333767

The bioefficacy of indoor residual-sprayed deltamethrin wettable granule (WG) formulation at 25 mg a.i./m2 and 20 mg a.i./m2 for the control of malaria was compared with the current dose of 20 mg/m2 deltamethrin wettable powder (WP) in aboriginal settlements in Kuala Lipis, Pahang, Malaysia. The malaria vector has been previously identified as Anopheles maculatus. The assessment period for the 20 mg/m2 dosage was six months, but for the 25 mg/m2 dosage, the period was 9 months. Collections of mosquitoes using the bare-leg techniques were carried out indoors and outdoors from 7:00 PM to 7:00 AM. All mosquitoes were dissected for sporozoites and parity. Larval collections were carried out at various locations to assess the extent and distribution of breeding of vectors. A high incidence of human feeds was detected during May 2005 and a low incidence during January 2005 for all the study areas. Our study showed that deltamethrin WG at 25 mg/m2 suppressed An. maculatus biting activity. More An. maculatus were caught in outdoor landing catches than indoor landing catches for all the study areas. The results indicate that 25 mg/m2 WG is good for controlling malaria for up to 9 months. Where residual spraying is envisaged, the usual two spraying cycles per year with 20 mg/m2 deltamethrin may be replaced with 25 mg/m2 deltamethrin WG every 9 months.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaria/prevention & control*

Fulltext Controlling Malaria in Western Pacific with Mosquito Nets Treated with Pyrethroids in Village Communities, 1979-1999

Self L

Am J Trop Med Hyg, 2016 07 06;95(1):10-4.

PMID: 26880771 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0817

Insecticide-treated mosquito nets were first put to practical use in the Western Pacific Region. Less than a decade after conducting workshops and other promotional activities, millions of people were protected by 1989. This occurred before the availability of commercially produced pretreated nets and before global funding for mass net distribution. This paper describes the sequence of steps leading to regional control success. The beginning stages in 1979 recognized that treating torn mosquito nets was a viable control option. Basic net treatment procedures were established by 1983 and workshops were held the next 2 years in China, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, and Vietnam. Malaria staff became convinced of net benefits and were motivated to impart their knowledge to others. Village inhabitants soaked the nets in washbasins containing permethrin or deltamethrin solution, then dried them horizontally on mats. By the 1990s, the population protected by nets had appreciably increased, and regional malaria cases confirmed by microscopy were markedly reduced. This coincided with commercial interest to mass-produce pretreated mosquito nets for worldwide use.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaria/prevention & control*

Correspondence: Misuse of fansidar

O'Holohan DR, Dondero TJ, Ponnampalam JT

Med J Malaysia, 1973 Jun;27(4):310.

PMID: 4270792

Matched MeSH terms: Malaria/prevention & control*

Fulltext Current insecticide susceptibility status of Malaysian Anopheles maculatus Theobald to malathion, permethrin, DDT and deltamethrin

Rohani A, Aziz I, Zurainee MN, Rohana SH, Zamree I, Lee HL

Trop Biomed, 2014 Mar;31(1):159-65.

PMID: 24862056 MyJurnal

Chemical insecticides are still considered as important control agents for malaria vector control. However, prolonged use of these chemicals may select mosquito vectors for resistance. In this study, susceptibility status of adult Anopheles maculatus collected from 9 localities in peninsular Malaysia, viz., Jeli, Temerloh, Pos Banun, Senderut, Jeram Kedah, Segamat, Kota Tinggi, Kluang and Pos Lenjang were determined using the standard WHO bioassay method in which the adult mosquitoes were exposed to standard insecticide impregnated papers malathion, permethrin, DDT and deltamethrin--at pre-determined diagnostic dosage. Deltamethrin was most effective insecticide among the four insecticides tested, with the LT50 of 29.53 min, compared to malathion (31.67 min), DDT (47.76 min) and permethrin (48.01 min). The effect of all insecticides on the laboratory strain was greater (with all insecticides demonstrated LT50 < 1 hour) than the field strains (deltamethrin 32.7, malathion 53.0, permethrin 62.0, DDT 67.4 min). An. maculatus exhibited low degree of resistance to all test insecticides, indicating that these chemical insecticides are still effective in the control of malaria vector.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaria/prevention & control*

Current status of malaria in Malaysia

Lim ES

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1992 Sep;23 Suppl 4:43-9.

PMID: 1364867

The Malaria Eradication Program was started in 1967 in Peninsular Malaysia. Since then and up to 1980, there was a reduction in the number of reported malaria cases from 160,385 in 1966 to 9,110 cases for Peninsular Malaysia. Although the concept of eradication has changed to one of control in the 1980, the anti-malaria activities have remained the same. However, additional supplementary activities such as the use of impregnated bednets, and the Primary Health Care approach, have been introduced in malarious and malaria-prone areas. Focal spraying activity is instituted in localities with outbreaks in both malaria-prone and non-malarious areas. Passive case detection has been maintained in all operational areas. In 1990, 50,500 cases of malaria were reported of which 69.7% (35,190) were from Sabah, 27.8% (14,066) from Peninsular Malaysia and 2.5% (1,244) from Sarawak. Until June 1991 a total of 18,306 cases were reported for the country. Plasmodium falciparum continues to be the predominant species, contributing to 69.6% of the parasites involved. The case fatality rate for 1990 was 0.09%. There were 43 deaths all of which were attributed to cerebral malaria. The problems faced in the prevention and control of malaria include problems associated with the opening of land for agriculture, mobility of the aborigines of Peninsular Malaysia (Orang Asli) and inaccessibility of malaria problem areas. There is need to ensure prompt investigation and complete treatment of cases especially in malarious areas. The promotion of community participation in control activities should be intensified. Primary Health Care should be continued and intensified in the malarious areas.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Matched MeSH terms: Malaria/prevention & control*

Fulltext Current vector research challenges in the greater Mekong subregion for dengue, Malaria, and Other Vector-Borne Diseases: A report from a multisectoral workshop March 2019

Christofferson RC, Parker DM, Overgaard HJ, Hii J, Devine G, Wilcox BA, et al.

PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2020 Jul;14(7):e0008302.

PMID: 32730249 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008302

Matched MeSH terms: Malaria/prevention & control

Fulltext Design of a study to determine the impact of insecticide resistance on malaria vector control: a multi-country investigation

Kleinschmidt I, Mnzava AP, Kafy HT, Mbogo C, Bashir AI, Bigoga J, et al.

Malar J, 2015 Jul 22;14:282.

PMID: 26194648 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-015-0782-4

BACKGROUND: Progress in reducing the malaria disease burden through the substantial scale up of insecticide-based vector control in recent years could be reversed by the widespread emergence of insecticide resistance. The impact of insecticide resistance on the protective effectiveness of insecticide-treated nets (ITN) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) is not known. A multi-country study was undertaken in Sudan, Kenya, India, Cameroon and Benin to quantify the potential loss of epidemiological effectiveness of ITNs and IRS due to decreased susceptibility of malaria vectors to insecticides. The design of the study is described in this paper.

METHODS: Malaria disease incidence rates by active case detection in cohorts of children, and indicators of insecticide resistance in local vectors were monitored in each of approximately 300 separate locations (clusters) with high coverage of malaria vector control over multiple malaria seasons. Phenotypic and genotypic resistance was assessed annually. In two countries, Sudan and India, clusters were randomly assigned to receive universal coverage of ITNs only, or universal coverage of ITNs combined with high coverage of IRS. Association between malaria incidence and insecticide resistance, and protective effectiveness of vector control methods and insecticide resistance were estimated, respectively.

RESULTS: Cohorts have been set up in all five countries, and phenotypic resistance data have been collected in all clusters. In Sudan, Kenya, Cameroon and Benin data collection is due to be completed in 2015. In India data collection will be completed in 2016.

DISCUSSION: The paper discusses challenges faced in the design and execution of the study, the analysis plan, the strengths and weaknesses, and the possible alternatives to the chosen study design.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaria/prevention & control*

Fulltext Determinants of uptake of first dose of intermittent preventive treatment among pregnant women in a secondary health Centre in Maiduguri, Nigeria

Balami AD, Md Said S, Mohd Zulkefli NA, Bachok N, Audu B

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 2020 Nov 25;20(1):726.

PMID: 33238901 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-020-03388-8

BACKGROUND: Studies on uptake of first dose of intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp) are lacking, despite it being a predictor of subsequent doses. This study aimed at assessing the determinants of uptake of first dose of IPTp among pregnant women at the State Specialist Hospital, Maiduguri.

METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted, in which respondents were selected using a systematic random sampling method, and structured questionnaires were used to obtain information from them. Chi-squared test was used to determine factors associated with uptake of first IPTp dose, while a further multivariate logistic regression was performed to determine its predictors.

RESULTS: Three hundred and eighty respondents answered the survey, whose ages ranged from 15 to 45 years, and 86.8% were multigravid. Sixty five percent of them were aware of IPTp, and 34.7% believed that IPTp could be harmful to their pregnancies. Over a half of the respondents (52.9%) believed that taking all their IPTp medicines was very good for their pregnancies, while 45.0% felt that taking their IPTp medicines was very pleasant. Only two respondents (0.5%) stated that it was very untrue that their significant others thought that they should take all their IPTp medicines. Half of the respondents said it was very easy for them to take all their IPTp medicines even if they were experiencing mild discomforts while taking them. Less than a half (42.37%) had received their first dose of IPTp. In bivariate as well as multivariate analysis, only higher level of knowledge was significantly associated with uptake of first IPTp dose. Those with better knowledge of IPTp were about twice more likely to have taken their first dose of IPTp, compared to those with lower knowledge of IPTp (AOR = 1.85; 95% CI: 1.17-2.92).

CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge of IPTp as well as its uptake, were sub-optimal in this study. Since knowledge of IPTp significantly predicts uptake of the first dose of IPTp, there is the need to implement health education campaigns to raise the awareness of pregnant women and their families on the need to receive and comply with it.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaria/prevention & control*

Determination of plasma concentrations of dapsone, monoacetyl dapsone and pyrimethamine in human subjects dosed with maloprim

Jones CR, Ovenell SM

J. Chromatogr., 1979 Jun 11;163(2):179-85.

PMID: 541369

A high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed to enable dapsone, monoacetyl dapsone and pyrimethamine to be measured simultaneously in plasma samples from volunteers in England and Malaysia who had been dosed with Maloprim. Mean half-lives of 25 and 80 h were calculated for dapsone and pyrimethamine, respectively, but there was wide individual variation. All subjects were found to be classifiable as "slow acetylators".

Matched MeSH terms: Malaria/prevention & control

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