MyMedR

Fulltext Healthcare Professionals' Awareness, Knowledge, Attitudes, Perceptions and Beliefs about Ebola at Gondar University Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross-sectional Study

Abebe TB, Bhagavathula AS, Tefera YG, Ahmad A, Khan MU, Belachew SA, et al.

J Public Health Afr, 2016 Dec 31;7(2):570.

PMID: 28299161 DOI: 10.4081/jphia.2016.570

A poor understanding of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) among Health Care Professionals (HCPs) may put our lives at risk. We aimed to assess the awareness, knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, beliefs of HCPs towards Ebola at Gondar University Hospital (GUH) in Northwest Ethiopia. We conducted a hospital based, cross-sectional survey among 245 randomly selected HCPs working at GUH from August-October, 2015. A validated, self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. We calculated descriptive statistics with P<0.05 being statistically significant. Of the 245 participants, 211 (86.1%) completed the study. The majority had heard about EVD and used news media (62%) as a source of information. Still, many were afraid of getting EVD (56.4%; P=0.001). A significant number of HCPs thought EVD can cause paralysis like polio (45%) and can be treated with antibiotics (28.4%). In addition, 46.4% of the HCPs felt anger or fear towards Ebola infected patients (P=0.006). We identified poor knowledge and negative incorrect beliefs among doctors and allied health professionals. There is a need for intensive training for all HCPs reduce EVD risk.

Matched MeSH terms: Poliomyelitis

Fulltext Polio vaccination in Pakistan

Khan MU, Ahmad A

Lancet, 2015 Jul 25;386(9991):337.

PMID: 26227462 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)61405-2

Matched MeSH terms: Poliomyelitis/epidemiology*; Poliomyelitis/prevention & control*

Estimation of the Direct Cost of Poliomyelitis Rehabilitation Treatment to Pakistani Patients: A 53-Year Retrospective Study

Naqvi AA, Naqvi SBS, Zehra F, Verma AK, Usmani S, Badar S, et al.

Appl Health Econ Health Policy, 2018 12;16(6):871-888.

PMID: 30128833 DOI: 10.1007/s40258-018-0422-6

BACKGROUND: Pakistan is one of the last few countries in which poliomyelitis is endemic. Evidence indicates that out-of-pocket expenditures are a barrier to polio rehabilitation treatment, yet there are no reported figures related to the financial burden of this disease on patients in a recently polio-endemic country.

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated direct costs attributed to rehabilitation treatment of poliomyelitis among Pakistani patients and reported its duration along with the socioeconomic status of poliomyelitis survivors.

CONCLUSION: The cost of poliomyelitis rehabilitation in Pakistan is high; it has an economic effect on the lives of patients and their families. Despite good education, polio survivors in Pakistan appear to have low socioeconomic status, lower chances of employment and marriage, as well as fewer children. Further research is recommended to explore the burden of disease on society, i.e., indirect costs and suffering.

Matched MeSH terms: Poliomyelitis/economics*; Poliomyelitis/epidemiology; Poliomyelitis/rehabilitation

Poliomyelitis vaccination benefits--versus risk

Assaad F

Dev. Biol. Stand., 1979;43:141-50.

PMID: 520666

Paralytic poliomyelitis is a constantly rising problem in the developing world. It may take an insiduous endemic "infantile paralysis" behaviour exacting a high toll in the first few years of life, as in Ghana or Burma but on the other hand it may take the form of sudden extensive outbreaks of paralytic disease as in Argentina, Mexico or Malaysia. The developed world has controlled the disease by effectively immunizing a very high proportion of their populations, but those who have not been vaccinated are at risk even in countries with very high coverage, as has been noted in the Netherlands, Sweden, United States of America, etc. There is no reason to have a crippled paralytic child (or adult). Both the live and killed vaccines have been repeatedly shown to be safe and effective. The minute risk incidental to vaccination is more than one hundredfold smaller than the risk from the disease, not only in the developing world but in the developed world as well. Therefore, the question of which vaccine to use is of far less relevance than of how to increase effective coverage with any available vaccine. This does not mean that vaccine control should be relaxed. A health respect should be maintained for the polioviruses used as vaccine sources and great care must be exercised by those undertaking the manufacture or the administration of vaccine.

Matched MeSH terms: Poliomyelitis/epidemiology*; Poliomyelitis/prevention & control*

Final stages of poliomyelitis eradication--Western Pacific Region, 1997-1998

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 1999 Jan 22;48(2):29-33.

PMID: 9933126

In 1988, the World Health Assembly resolved to eradicate poliomyelitis globally by 2000. A plan of action for polio eradication in the Western Pacific Region (WPR) by 1995 was adopted in 1990. The plan was based on routine and supplemental vaccination activities with oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) and acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance in the eight countries where polio was endemic (Cambodia, China, Laos, Malaysia, Mongolia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and Vietnam). Regionwide, the number of reported polio cases decreased from approximately 6000 in 1990 to zero in 1998. This report describes the extensive efforts to eliminate the last chains of poliovirus transmission in the Mekong River area.

Matched MeSH terms: Poliomyelitis/epidemiology*; Poliomyelitis/prevention & control

Progress toward poliomyelitis eradication -- Western Pacific Region, January 1, 1996-September 27, 1997

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 1997 Nov 28;46(47):1113-7.

PMID: 9393657

In 1988, the World Health Assembly adopted the goal of global poliomyelitis eradication by 2000, which was endorsed in each of the six regions of the World Health Organization (WHO). In the Western Pacific Region (WPR), where the last known case of polio associated with isolation of wild poliovirus occurred in March 1997, the reported number of cases decreased from 5963 in 1990 to 197 in 1996. This report documents progress toward polio eradication in WPR from January 1, 1996, through September 27, 1997, in countries where polio is endemic (Cambodia, China, Laos, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and Vietnam) or recently was endemic (Malaysia and Mongolia) and describes the routine and supplemental vaccination activities necessary to interrupt wild poliovirus transmission in the region.

Matched MeSH terms: Poliomyelitis/epidemiology*; Poliomyelitis/prevention & control

Fulltext Polio vaccination in Pakistan: by force or by volition?

Khan TM, Chiau LM

Lancet, 2015 Oct 31;386(10005):1733.

PMID: 26545429 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00689-3

Matched MeSH terms: Poliomyelitis/epidemiology*; Poliomyelitis/prevention & control*

Morbidity pattern amongst some primary school entrants in Malaysia

Chen ST, Dugdale AE

Trop Geogr Med, 1972 Sep;24(3):269-74.

PMID: 4636102

Matched MeSH terms: Poliomyelitis/prevention & control

Vaccination against poliomyelitis and other diseases with a new series of combined antigens

FERGUSON JK

Med J Malaya, 1959 Jun;13:327-30.

PMID: 13822231

Matched MeSH terms: Poliomyelitis/prevention & control*

A probable case of poliomyelitis imported to Malaysia

Tay CG, Ong LC, Goh KJ, Rahmat K, Fong CY

J Clin Neurosci, 2015 Dec;22(12):1994-5.

PMID: 26254091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2015.07.001

We report a previously well 10-month-old Somalian girl who acquired asymmetric lower limb weakness in July 2013 in Mogadishu, Banadir, before arriving in Malaysia at 12 months of age. In May 2013, there was a wild poliomyelitis outbreak in that area, as reported by the World Health Organization. Laboratory investigation, including cerebrospinal fluid, was unremarkable, and electrophysiological studies showed active axonal denervation in the left lower limb. The whole spine T2-weighted MRI revealed non-enhancing hyperintensities of the bilateral anterior horn cells, predominantly on the left side at T11-12. The viral isolations from two stool specimens at her presentation to our centre, 2 months after the onset of illness and 2 weeks apart, were negative. Despite lacking the acute virological evidence of poliomyelitis, in view of the girl's clinical, electrophysiological and classical spinal neuroradiological features, together with her temporal relationship with a World Health Organization reported wild poliomyelitis outbreak, we believe these findings are consistent with a diagnosis of imported poliomyelitis. A review at 30 months of age showed persistent left lower limb monoplegia with little recovery. Our patient reiterates the importance of maintaining awareness of wild polio importation, and keeping abreast of the latest news of global poliomyelitis outbreaks when treating patients with flaccid paralysis, even if they arrive from non-endemic poliomyelitis areas.

Matched MeSH terms: Poliomyelitis/epidemiology*; Poliomyelitis/pathology; Poliomyelitis/physiopathology

The epidemiology of poliomyelitis

HOLMES W

Med J Malaya, 1958 Mar;12(3):500-14.

PMID: 13565022

Matched MeSH terms: Poliomyelitis/epidemiology*

Poliomyelitis in Malaysia - a case of underdiagnosis?

Hussain Imam Muhammad Ismail

Malaysian Journal of Child Health, 1992;4(1):23-26.

MyJurnal

The last confirmed case of poliomyelitis in West Malaysia was in 1986', and over the past few years, we have condescendingly associated polio with other developing countries. Recently, 2 children with acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) were confirmed as cases of poliomyelitis due to a wild strain of the virus. This implies a failure of the immunisation programme to contain the spread of the wild virus (Hall). However, if we look at the WHO standard case definition of polio virus infection (appendix 1) it is possible that we could have missed a few cases over the last 6 years. At this juncture a brief clinical summary of the 2 cases and a discussion of the differential diagnosis may be useful. (Copied from article).

Matched MeSH terms: Poliomyelitis

Fulltext Knowledge, attitudes and perceptions towards polio immunization among residents of two highly affected regions of Pakistan

Khan MU, Ahmad A, Aqeel T, Salman S, Ibrahim Q, Idrees J, et al.

BMC Public Health, 2015;15:1100.

PMID: 26541976 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-2471-1

Despite the efforts of national and international organizations, polio has not been eradicated from Pakistan. The prevalence of polio in Pakistan is exceptional in global context. Quetta and Peshawar divisions are amongst the most affected regions hit by polio in Pakistan. This study was carried out to assess the knowledge, attitudes and perceptions towards polio immunization among residents of Quetta and Peshawar divisions in Pakistan.

Matched MeSH terms: Poliomyelitis/epidemiology; Poliomyelitis/prevention & control*

Fulltext A Cross-Sectional Survey of Healthcare Workers on the Knowledge and Attitudes towards Polio Vaccination in Pakistan

Khan MU, Ahmad A, Aqeel T, Akbar N, Salman S, Idress J

PLoS One, 2015;10(11):e0142485.

PMID: 26559184 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142485

Pakistan accounts for 85.2% of the total polio cases reported worldwide. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are an integral part of immunization campaigns and source of education for the general public. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitudes towards polio vaccination among HCWs providing immunisation and education to general public in Quetta and Peshawar divisions of Pakistan.

Matched MeSH terms: Poliomyelitis

Fulltext Poliomyelitis and measles serosurvey in northern Malaysia

Saraswathy TS, Sinniah M, Lee WS, Lye MS, Choo KE, Jusoh H

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1994 Sep;25(3):565-8.

PMID: 7777927

In 1990 the Institute for Medical Research carried out a serosurvey in the state of Kelantan to study the age stratified immune prevalence rates for measles and poliomyelitis. Our findings indicate that 981 out of 1,097 (89%) of the population screened had measles antibodies and more than 90% (366 out of 400) had antibodies to all three serotypes of poliovirus. The susceptible group for measles was infants below one year of age, of whom 53.3% (8/15) did not have measles antibody. Of 400 subjects, 125 (31.3%) who were either incompletely vaccinated or had not been vaccinated against poliomyelitis, had polio neutralizing antibodies to all three poliovirus serotypes, suggesting herd immunity in the population. No high risk age group could be identified for poliomyelitis.

Matched MeSH terms: Poliomyelitis/epidemiology*; Poliomyelitis/virology

Fulltext Acute flaccid paralysis surveillance: looking beyond the global poliomyelitis eradication initiative

Saraswathy TS, Zahrin HN, Apandi MY, Kurup D, Rohani J, Zainah S, et al.

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2008 Nov;39(6):1033-9.

PMID: 19062691

In 1992 surveillance of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) cases was introduced in Malaysia along with the establishment of a national referral laboratory at the Institute for Medical Research. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence, viral etiology and clinical picture of AFP cases below 15 years of age, reported from 2002 to 2007. Six hundred seventy-eight of 688 reported cases were confirmed as AFP by expert review. The clinical presentation of acute flaccid paralysis in these cases was diverse, the most commonly reported being Guillian-Barre syndrome (32.3%). Sixty-nine viruses were isolated in this study. They were Sabin poliovirus (25), Echovirus (22), Cocksackie B (11), EV71 (5), Cocksackie A (1), and untypable (5). Malaysia has been confirmed as free from wild polio since the surveillance was established.

Matched MeSH terms: Poliomyelitis/complications

Enough With Polio: It's Measles' Turn Now in Pakistan

Rehman IU, Khan TM

Disaster Med Public Health Prep, 2016 08;10(4):539-40.

PMID: 27263952 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2016.91

Matched MeSH terms: Poliomyelitis/prevention & control*

Poliomyelitis in Malaysia: two confirmed cases after 6 years without polio

Ismail HI, Lal M

Ann Trop Paediatr, 1993;13(4):339-43.

PMID: 7506880

Poliomyelitis in Malaysia has not been reported since 1986. We report two cases of poliomyelitis in non-immunized children whose parents, though relatively educated, opted not to vaccinate their children for socio-cultural reasons. This recent trend may interfere with our attempts to eradicate poliomyelitis globally by the year 2000. The clinical features, pathophysiology and differential diagnosis are discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Poliomyelitis/diagnosis; Poliomyelitis/epidemiology*; Poliomyelitis/prevention & control

Enterovirus survey before and after poliomyelitis vaccination in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Tan DS, Lam SK

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1978 Sep;9(3):301-7.

PMID: 219550

Stool samples from healthy children mainly of the low income group aged 0 to 7 years of age from five Maternal and Child Health Centres in Kuala Lumpur were obtained for isolation of enteroviruses. The specimens were collected before and after the mass vaccination given in the face of polio type 1 epidemic which started in October, 1971. The prevelance rate of enteroviruses was 11.9% (3.0% polioviruses, 8.9% non-polio enteroviruses) before the vaccination and essentially the same after. Coxsackie A viruses predominated over the other enteroviruses in the pre- and post-vaccination phases. The highest isolation rate of enteroviruses was observed in children 0 to 2 years age. No significant differences in distribution by sex, race and month were noted. A sharp fall in the prevalence rates of total enteroviruses and polioviruses was noted shortly after the mass vaccination campaign However, the rates reverted to the pre-vaccination state during the next successive years.

Matched MeSH terms: Poliomyelitis/immunology; Poliomyelitis/microbiology

Poliomyelitis antibody studies in Kuala Lumpur children

Tan DS, Lim TW, Ahluwalia P, Lee GC

Med J Malaya, 1968 Jun;23(4):269-75.

PMID: 4235589

Matched MeSH terms: Poliomyelitis/immunology*

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