MyMedR

Re-emergence of genotype G9 during a five-and-a-half-year period in Turkish children with rotavirus diarrhea

Bozdayi G, Altay A, Yahiro T, Ahmed S, Meral M, Dogan B, et al.

Arch Virol, 2016 Oct;161(10):2879-84.

PMID: 27444180 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-2986-5

This study was done to understand the dynamics of rotavirus genotype distribution in Turkish children. Samples were collected from January 2006 through August 2011 from children at a hospital in Ankara. Rotavirus was detected in 28 % (241/889) of the samples. Genotype G9P[8] was predominant (28 %), followed by G1P[8] (16.3 %) and G2P[8] (15.9 %). G9 was absent in the samples from 2006 and 2007 and then re-emerged in 2008 and increased gradually. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Turkish G9 rotaviruses of the present study formed a sublineage with strains from Italy and Ethiopia, possibly indicating spread of a clone in these countries.

Matched MeSH terms: Rotavirus Infections/epidemiology*

Fulltext Anticipating rotavirus vaccines--a pre-vaccine assessment of incidence and economic burden of rotavirus hospitalizations among children < 5 year of age in Libya, 2012-13

Alkoshi S, Leshem E, Parashar UD, Dahlui M

BMC Public Health, 2015;15:26.

PMID: 25616973 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1400-7

Libya introduced rotavirus vaccine in October 2013. We examined pre-vaccine incidence of rotavirus hospitalizations and associated economic burden among children < 5 years in Libya to provide baseline data for future vaccine impact evaluations.

Matched MeSH terms: Rotavirus Infections/epidemiology*

Rotavirus electropherotypes in Malaysian children

Yap KL, Wong YH, Khor CM, Ooi YE

Can J Microbiol, 1992 Sep;38(9):996-9.

PMID: 1334446

A 12-month study was carried out on the molecular epidemiology of rotavirus in urban and suburban Malaysian children. Analysis of faecal samples from 973 hospitalized diarrhoeic children by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis detected 268 rotaviruses (28%). All isolates were group A rotaviruses, which produced 22 electropherotypes: 16 (91.5%) with long RNA migration patterns and 6 (8.5%) with short patterns. One of the long-pattern electropherotypes was the predominant strain (71.1% of the total electropherotypes) isolated during this study. Although 3 other strains were detected sporadically over the study period, 16 others were present only during the first 7 months and 2 others were confined to the last 5 months. Long- and short-pattern electropherotypes were found to co-circulate extensively. There was a significant association of short-pattern electropherotypes with infection in older children. In addition, the prevalence of vomiting and mean duration of diarrhoea were significantly associated with different electropherotypes.

Matched MeSH terms: Rotavirus Infections/epidemiology

Reinfection of adult cattle with rotavirus B during repeated outbreaks of epidemic diarrhea

Hayashi M, Murakami T, Kuroda Y, Takai H, Ide H, Awang A, et al.

Can. J. Vet. Res., 2016 Jul;80(3):189-96.

PMID: 27408331

Rotavirus B (RVB) infection in cattle is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological features of repeated outbreaks of epidemic diarrhea due to RVB infection in adult cattle on a large dairy farm complex in Japan. In October 2002, approximately 550 adult cows and approximately 450 in February 2005 had acute watery diarrhea at several farms on the complex. Four months before the first outbreak, RVB antibody-positive rates at subsequently affected farms were significantly lower than at non-affected farms (30% to 32% versus 61% to 67%). During the acute phase of both outbreaks, RVB antibody-positive rates in diarrheal cows tested were as low as 15% to 26%. Most of the farms affected in the second outbreak were also involved in the first outbreak. Some adult cows with RVB diarrhea in the first outbreak showed not only RVB seroresponse, but also RVB shedding in the second outbreak, although none of these cows developed diarrhea. Nucleotide sequences of the VP7 and VP4 genes revealed a close relationship between RVB strains in both outbreaks. Taken together, these results indicate that outbreaks of epidemic RVB diarrhea in adult cows might be influenced by herd immunity and could occur repeatedly at the same farms over several years. To our knowledge, this is the first report on repeated RVB infections in the same cattle.

Matched MeSH terms: Rotavirus Infections/epidemiology

Fulltext Rotavirus genotypes in Malaysia and universal rotavirus vaccination

Lee WS, Lim BT, Chai PF, Kirkwood CD, Lee JK

Hum Vaccin Immunother, 2012 Oct;8(10):1401-6.

PMID: 23022710 DOI: 10.4161/hv.21577

Group A rotavirus (RV-A) genotypes isolated in Malaysia was studied to estimate the effectiveness of a universal RV-A vaccination in Malaysia. A simple mathematical model was used, with input from a two-year, two-center, prospective study on hospitalization of RV-A gastroenteritis (RVGE) in young children, published data on RV-A hospitalizations and genotypes, mortality on childhood GE and published genotype-specific efficacy data on two RV-A vaccines. Assuming a 95% vaccine coverage, the overall projected effectiveness was 75.7 to 88.1% for Rotateq and 78.7 to 90.6% for Rotarix® against RVGE-related hospitalizations. The projected annual reduction in RVGE-related deaths was 27 to 32 deaths (from 34 deaths) for Rotateq and 28 to 32 deaths annually for Rotarix. A universal RV-A vaccine is efficacious in reducing RVGE-related hospitalizations and mortality in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Rotavirus Infections/epidemiology

Epidemiology and strain characterization of rotavirus diarrhea in Malaysia

Hung LC, Wong SL, Chan LG, Rosli R, Ng AN, Bresee JS

Int J Infect Dis, 2006 Nov;10(6):470-4.

PMID: 17046306

The objectives of the study were to describe the epidemiology and strain characterization of rotavirus (RV), to determine the proportion of hospitalizations for diarrhea attributable to RV among children under 5 years of age, and to estimate the disease burden of RV diarrhea in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Rotavirus Infections/epidemiology*

Serotype analysis of rotaviruses from different locations in Malaysia

Rasool NB, Green KY, Kapikian AZ

J Clin Microbiol, 1993 Jul;31(7):1815-9.

PMID: 8394376

The distribution of rotavirus G (VP7) serotypes circulating in four locations in Malaysia, representing three geographical areas, was evaluated in 341 RNA-positive stool specimens obtained discontinuously between 1977 and 1988 from infants and young children under the age of five years who were hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis. A total of 306 specimens (256 stool suspensions and 50 that were adapted to growth in tissue culture) that were rotavirus positive by the confirmatory enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were examined for serotype by ELISA utilizing monoclonal antibodies to rotavirus G serotype 1, 2, 3, 4, or 9. One hundred eighty (59%) of the 306 specimens could be serotyped; of these 180 specimens, 71% were serotype 4, 15% were serotype 1, 4% were serotype 2, and 4% were serotype 3. Serotype 9 rotavirus was not detected. Most (71%) of the specimens tested were obtained in 1988, when serotype 4 predominated in three locations in West Malaysia; no single serotype was predominant in a limited number of specimens from East Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Rotavirus Infections/epidemiology

Temporal variation of Malaysian rotavirus electropherotypes

Rasool N, Othman RY, Adenan MI, Hamzah M

J Clin Microbiol, 1989 Apr;27(4):785-7.

PMID: 2470775

An analysis of rotavirus electropherotypes circulating in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, over 7 years showed that all except 1 of the 360 electropherotypes encountered were characteristic of group A rotaviruses. The long electropherotype predominated annually, and there was a rarity of short electropherotypes. Extensive genome variability and cocirculation of different electropherotypes were observed annually. A sequential appearance of the predominant electropherotype was observed in all years of the study, except for 1985 and 1988, when one electropherotype predominated throughout the study periods. There was no shift in the predominant electropherotype over a 6-year period.

Matched MeSH terms: Rotavirus Infections/epidemiology

Group A rotavirus infection in animals from an animal house and in wild-caught monkeys

Awang A, Yap K

J Diarrhoeal Dis Res, 1990 Sep;8(3):82-6.

PMID: 2122998

Randomly selected samples from different animal colonies from two laboratory animal houses and from the wild-caught monkeys were tested for the presence of anti-rotavirus antibodies to estimate the rates of infection with group A rotavirus. Antibodies to the common group A rotaviral antigen were detected by a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using reagents of WHO ELISA rotavirus detection kit. The results of the study showed that white mice, albino rats, and guinea pigs from long-established breeding colonies and resident house rats and house shrews from the animal house had no serological evidence of rotaviral infection. In contrast, one mousedeer from a colony of 19 animals and most of the rabbits from two separate breeding colonies at the same animal house were serologically positive for the infection. Also a significant number of the same species of monkey kept in captivity were found to acquire the infection. Leaf monkeys had no serological evidence of rotaviral infection. The infection rate in wild cynomolgus monkeys did not seem to be influenced by the different ecological environments of their respective habitats. The rate of infection in adults and juveniles was similar.

Matched MeSH terms: Rotavirus Infections/epidemiology

Circulating human group A rotavirus genotypes in Malaysia

Zuridah H, Kirkwood CD, Bogdanovic-Sakran N, Bishop RF, Yap KL

J Med Virol, 2010 Apr;82(4):707-11.

PMID: 20166178 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21717

This study examined the temporal distribution of rotavirus genotypes in Malaysia. Rotaviruses from children with diarrhea admitted to hospitals in 1996 (n = 93) and 2007 (n = 12) in two different regions of Peninsular (West) Malaysia were analyzed for their G and P genotypes using a hemi-nested RT-PCR assay. In the 2007 samples, the dominant strain was G9P[8]. It was identified in 42% of the samples. Different strains all possessing the G1 genotype were identified in the rest of the samples. In contrast, 81% of the samples collected in 1996 were the G1P[8] strain. No strains with G9 genotype were detected in samples collected in 1996.

Matched MeSH terms: Rotavirus Infections/epidemiology*

Identification of a human group C rotavirus in Malaysia

Rasool NB, Hamzah M, Jegathesan M, Wong YH, Qian Y, Green KY

J Med Virol, 1994 Jul;43(3):209-11.

PMID: 7931180

Stool specimens from 334 infants and young children hospitalized with diarrhea in the General Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia between August and November, 1987 were analyzed for the presence of rotavirus double-stranded (ds) RNA by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Of the 334 specimens analyzed, 32 (9.6%) were positive for rotavirus RNA. One specimen (designated G147) exhibited a ds RNA electropherotype profile characteristic of Group C rotavirus and was selected for further characterization. In Northern blot hybridization studies, the gene 5 segment of strain G147 hybridized with a cDNA probe generated from the cloned gene 5 (which encodes the VP6 inner capsid protein that is group specific) of porcine Group C rotavirus strain Cowden, confirming the classification of strain G147 in Group C. The association of Group C rotavirus with diarrheal illness in Malaysia is consistent with earlier studies that suggest a global distribution of this virus and supports the need for additional epidemiologic studies.

Matched MeSH terms: Rotavirus Infections/epidemiology

Estimates of economic burden of providing inpatient care in childhood rotavirus gastroenteritis from Malaysia

Lee WS, Poo MI, Nagaraj S

J Paediatr Child Health, 2007 Dec;43(12):818-25.

PMID: 17608648

To estimate the cost of an episode of inpatient care and the economic burden of hospitalisation for childhood rotavirus gastroenteritis (GE) in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Rotavirus Infections/epidemiology

Rotavirus and other enteropathogens in childhood acute diarrhoea: a study of two centres in Malaysia

Lee WS, Rajasekaran G, Pee S, Karunakaran R, Hassan HH, Puthucheary SD

J Paediatr Child Health, 2006 Sep;42(9):509-14.

PMID: 16925536

To study the role of rotavirus in children hospitalised for acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in two urban hospitals in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Rotavirus Infections/epidemiology*

Hospitalization of childhood rotavirus infection from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Lee WS, Veerasingam PD, Goh AY, Chua KB

J Paediatr Child Health, 2003 9 13;39(7):518-22.

PMID: 12969206

AIM: To determine the epidemiology of rotavirus gastroenteritis in children admitted to an urban hospital in a developing country from South-East Asia.

METHODS: Retrospective review of cases of acute gastroenteritis admitted to the children's ward of the University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, between 1996 and 1999.

RESULTS: During the study period, 333 cases (24%) of 1362 stool samples, obtained from children admitted with acute diarrhoea, were positive for rotavirus. Acute gastroenteritis constituted 8.2%, and rotavirus infection 1.6% of all the paediatric admissions each year. Of the 271 cases analysed, 72% of the affected population were less than 2 years of age. Peak incidence of admissions was between January to March, and September to October. Dehydration was common (92%) but electrolyte disturbances, lactose intolerance (5.2%), prolonged diarrhoea (2.6%) and cow's milk protein intolerance was uncommon. No deaths were recorded.

CONCLUSIONS: Rotavirus infection was a common cause of childhood diarrhoea that required hospital admission in an urban setting in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Rotavirus Infections/epidemiology

Gastrointestinal infections in children in the Southeast Asia region: emerging issues

Lee WS

J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 2000 Mar;30(3):241-5.

PMID: 10749405

Matched MeSH terms: Rotavirus Infections/epidemiology

Human rotavirus infection in Malaysia. II. A study on the influence of living standard on the prevalence of rotavirus-associated gastroenteritis in children hospitalized with diarrhoea

Yap KL, Sabil D, Muthu PA

J Trop Pediatr, 1984 10;30(5):269-71.

PMID: 6512912 DOI: 10.1093/tropej/30.5.269

Matched MeSH terms: Rotavirus Infections/epidemiology*

Human rotavirus infection in Malaysia. I. A hospital-based study of rotavirus in children with acute gastroenteritis

Yap KL, Sabil D, Muthu PA

J Trop Pediatr, 1984 06;30(3):131-5.

PMID: 6737550 DOI: 10.1093/tropej/30.3.131

Matched MeSH terms: Rotavirus Infections/epidemiology*

Fulltext Household catastrophic healthcare expenditure and impoverishment due to rotavirus gastroenteritis requiring hospitalization in Malaysia

Loganathan T, Lee WS, Lee KF, Jit M, Ng CW

PLoS One, 2015;10(5):e0125878.

PMID: 25941805 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125878

While healthcare costs for rotavirus gastroenteritis requiring hospitalization may be burdensome on households in Malaysia, exploration on the distribution and catastrophic impact of these expenses on households are lacking.

Matched MeSH terms: Rotavirus Infections/epidemiology*

Fulltext Emergence of equine-like G3 strains as the dominant rotavirus among children under five with diarrhea in Sabah, Malaysia during 2018-2019

Amit LN, Mori D, John JL, Chin AZ, Mosiun AK, Jeffree MS, et al.

PLoS One, 2021;16(7):e0254784.

PMID: 34320003 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254784

Rotavirus infection is a dilemma for developing countries, including Malaysia. Although commercial rotavirus vaccines are available, these are not included in Malaysia's national immunization program. A scarcity of data about rotavirus genotype distribution could be partially to blame for this policy decision, because there are no data for rotavirus genotype distribution in Malaysia over the past 20 years. From January 2018 to March 2019, we conducted a study to elucidate the rotavirus burden and genotype distribution in the Kota Kinabalu and Kunak districts of the state of Sabah. Stool specimens were collected from children under 5 years of age, and rotavirus antigen in these samples was detected using commercially available kit. Electropherotypes were determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of genomic RNA. G and P genotypes were determined by RT-PCR using type specific primers. The nucleotide sequence of the amplicons was determined by Sanger sequencing and phylogenetic analysis was performed by neighbor-joining method. Rotavirus was identified in 43 (15.1%) children with watery diarrhea. The male:female ratio (1.9:1) of the rotavirus-infected children clearly showed that it affected predominantly boys, and children 12-23 months of age. The genotypes identified were G3P[8] (74% n = 31), followed by G1P[8] (14% n = 6), G12P[6](7% n = 3), G8P[8](3% n = 1), and GxP[8] (3% n = 1). The predominant rotavirus circulating among the children was the equine-like G3P[8] (59.5% n = 25) with a short electropherotype. Eleven electropherotypes were identified among 34 strains, indicating substantial diversity among the circulating strains. The circulating genotypes were also phylogenetically diverse and related to strains from several different countries. The antigenic epitopes present on VP7 and VP4 of Sabahan G3 and equine-like G3 differed considerably from that of the RotaTeq vaccine strain. Our results also indicate that considerable genetic exchange is occurring in Sabahan strains. Sabah is home to a number of different ethnic groups, some of which culturally are in close contact with animals, which might contribute to the evolution of diverse rotavirus strains. Sabah is also a popular tourist destination, and a large number of tourists from different countries possibly contributes to the diversity of circulating rotavirus genotypes. Considering all these factors which are contributing rotavirus genotype diversity, continuous surveillance of rotavirus strains is of utmost importance to monitor the pre- and post-vaccination efficacy of rotavirus vaccines in Sabah.

Matched MeSH terms: Rotavirus Infections/epidemiology

Fulltext Estimates of the burden of rotavirus disease in Malaysia

Hsu VP, Abdul Rahman HB, Wong SL, Ibrahim LH, Yusoff AF, Chan LG, et al.

J Infect Dis, 2005 Sep 1;192 Suppl 1:S80-6.

PMID: 16088810

BACKGROUND: Accurate national estimates of the disease burden associated with rotavirus diarrhea are essential when considering implementation of a rotavirus vaccination program. We sought to estimate rotavirus disease-associated morbidity and mortality in Malaysia, using available sources of information.
METHODS: We analyzed national data from the Ministry of Health (Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia) to derive rates of hospitalization, clinic visits, and deaths related to acute gastroenteritis (AG) among children <5 years of age. The number of events attributable to rotavirus infection was estimated by multiplying age-stratified rates of detection of rotavirus from 2 hospital surveillance sites by national data.
RESULTS: In 1999 and 2000, an average of 13,936 children (1 in 187 children) were hospitalized annually for AG. Surveillance of visits to outpatient clinics for AG identified an average of 60,342 such visits/year between 1998 and 2000. The AG-associated mortality rate was 2.5 deaths/100,000 children. On the basis of the finding that 50% of children were hospitalized for rotavirus diarrhea, we estimated that 1 in 61 children will be hospitalized for rotavirus disease and that 1 in 37 children will seek treatment as an outpatient.
CONCLUSIONS: Among Malaysian children, there is a significant burden associated with AG- and rotavirus disease-related hospitalizations and outpatient visits, and this burden potentially could be prevented by the use of rotavirus vaccines.
Data source: (1) hospital discharges, (2) clinic visits for AG, and (3) registration of deaths, together with (4) new data from hospital-based rotavirus surveillance studies

Matched MeSH terms: Rotavirus Infections/epidemiology*

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