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Fulltext Performance of Google bard and ChatGPT in mass casualty incidents triage

Gan RK, Ogbodo JC, Wee YZ, Gan AZ, González PA

Am J Emerg Med, 2024 Jan;75:72-78.
PMID: 37967485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2023.10.034

AIM: The objective of our research is to evaluate and compare the performance of ChatGPT, Google Bard, and medical students in performing START triage during mass casualty situations.
METHOD: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis to compare ChatGPT, Google Bard, and medical students in mass casualty incident (MCI) triage using the Simple Triage And Rapid Treatment (START) method. A validated questionnaire with 15 diverse MCI scenarios was used to assess triage accuracy and content analysis in four categories: "Walking wounded," "Respiration," "Perfusion," and "Mental Status." Statistical analysis compared the results.
RESULT: Google Bard demonstrated a notably higher accuracy of 60%, while ChatGPT achieved an accuracy of 26.67% (p = 0.002). Comparatively, medical students performed at an accuracy rate of 64.3% in a previous study. However, there was no significant difference observed between Google Bard and medical students (p = 0.211). Qualitative content analysis of 'walking-wounded', 'respiration', 'perfusion', and 'mental status' indicated that Google Bard outperformed ChatGPT.
CONCLUSION: Google Bard was found to be superior to ChatGPT in correctly performing mass casualty incident triage. Google Bard achieved an accuracy of 60%, while chatGPT only achieved an accuracy of 26.67%. This difference was statistically significant (p = 0.002).

Matched MeSH terms: Search Engine
Fulltext Forecasting HFMD Cases Using Weather Variables and Google Search Queries in Sabah, Malaysia

Jayaraj VJ, Hoe VCW

Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2022 Dec 15;19(24).
PMID: 36554768 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416880

HFMD is a viral-mediated infectious illness of increasing public health importance. This study aimed to develop a forecasting tool utilizing climatic predictors and internet search queries for informing preventive strategies in Sabah, Malaysia. HFMD case data from the Sabah State Health Department, climatic predictors from the Malaysia Meteorological Department, and Google search trends from the Google trends platform between the years 2010-2018 were utilized. Cross-correlations were estimated in building a seasonal auto-regressive moving average (SARIMA) model with external regressors, directed by measuring the model fit. The selected variables were then validated using test data utilizing validation metrics such as the mean average percentage error (MAPE). Google search trends evinced moderate positive correlations to the HFMD cases (r0-6weeks: 0.47-0.56), with temperature revealing weaker positive correlations (r0-3weeks: 0.17-0.22), with the association being most intense at 0-1 weeks. The SARIMA model, with regressors of mean temperature at lag 0 and Google search trends at lag 1, was the best-performing model. It provided the most stable predictions across the four-week period and produced the most accurate predictions two weeks in advance (RMSE = 18.77, MAPE = 0.242). Trajectorial forecasting oscillations of the model are stable up to four weeks in advance, with accuracy being the highest two weeks prior, suggesting its possible usefulness in outbreak preparedness.

Matched MeSH terms: Search Engine*
Suspended Particulate Matter Analysis of Pre and During Covid Lockdown Using Google Earth Engine Cloud Computing: A Case Study of Ukai Reservoir

Paul A, K S V, Sood A, Bhaumik S, Singh KA, Sethupathi S, et al.

Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 2022 Dec 13;110(1):7.
PMID: 36512073 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-022-03638-9

Presence of suspended particulate matter (SPM) in a waterbody or a river can be caused by multiple parameters such as other pollutants by the discharge of poorly maintained sewage, siltation, sedimentation, flood and even bacteria. In this study, remote sensing techniques were used to understand the effects of pandemic-induced lockdown on the SPM concentration in the lower Tapi reservoir or Ukai reservoir. The estimation was done using Landsat-8 OLI (Operational Land Imager) having radiometric resolution (12-bit) and a spatial resolution of 30 m. The Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud computing platform was used in this study to generate the products. The GEE is a semi-automated workflow system using a robust approach designed for scientific analysis and visualization of geospatial datasets. An algorithm was deployed, and a time-series (2013-2020) analysis was done for the study area. It was found that the average mean value of SPM in Tapi River during 2020 is lowest than the last seven years at the same time.

Matched MeSH terms: Search Engine
Fulltext Instantaneous, Dual-Frequency, Multi-GNSS Precise RTK Positioning Using Google Pixel 4 and Samsung Galaxy S20 Smartphones for Zero and Short Baselines

Yong CZ, Odolinski R, Zaminpardaz S, Moore M, Rubinov E, Er J, et al.

Sensors (Basel), 2021 Dec 13;21(24).
PMID: 34960412 DOI: 10.3390/s21248318

The recent development of the smartphone Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) chipsets, such as Broadcom BCM47755 and Qualcomm Snapdragon 855 embedded, makes instantaneous and cm level real-time kinematic (RTK) positioning possible with Android-based smartphones. In this contribution we investigate the instantaneous single-baseline RTK performance of Samsung Galaxy S20 and Google Pixel 4 (GP4) smartphones with such chipsets, while making use of dual-frequency L1 + L5 Global Positioning System (GPS), E1 + E5a Galileo, L1 + L5 Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) and B1 BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) code and phase observations in Dunedin, New Zealand. The effects of locating the smartphones in an upright and lying down position were evaluated, and we show that the choice of smartphone configuration can affect the positioning performance even in a zero-baseline setup. In particular, we found non-zero mean and linear trends in the double-differenced carrier-phase residuals for one of the smartphone models when lying down, which become absent when in an upright position. This implies that the two assessed smartphones have different antenna gain pattern and antenna sensitivity to interferences. Finally, we demonstrate, for the first time, a near hundred percent (98.7% to 99.9%) instantaneous RTK integer least-squares success rate for one of the smartphone models and cm level positioning precision while using short-baseline experiments with internal and external antennas, respectively.

Matched MeSH terms: Search Engine*
Impacts of droughts and floods on croplands and crop production in Southeast Asia - An application of Google Earth Engine

Venkatappa M, Sasaki N, Han P, Abe I

Sci Total Environ, 2021 Nov 15;795:148829.
PMID: 34252779 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148829

While droughts and floods have intensified in recent years, only a handful of studies have assessed their impacts on croplands and production in Southeast Asia. Here, we used the Google Earth Engine to assess the droughts and floods and their impacts on croplands and crop production over 40 years from 1980 to 2019. Using the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) as the basis for determining the drought and flood levels, and crop damage levels, crop production loss in both the Monsoon Climate Region (MCR) and the Equatorial Climate Region (ECR) of Southeast Asia was assessed over 47,192 grid points with 10 × 10-kilometer resolution. We found that rainfed crops were severely affected by droughts in the MCR and floods in the ECR. About 9.42 million ha and 3.72 million ha of cropland was damaged by droughts and floods, respectively. We estimated a total loss of 20.64 million tons of crop production between 2015 and 2019. Rainfed crops in Thailand, Cambodia, and Myanmar were strongly affected by droughts, whereas Indonesia, the Philippines, and Malaysia were more affected by floods over the same period. Accordingly, four levels of policy interventions were prioritized by considering the geolocated crop damage levels.

Matched MeSH terms: Search Engine
Comparative database search engine analysis on massive tandem mass spectra of pork-based food products for halal proteomics

Amir SH, Yuswan MH, Aizat WM, Mansor MK, Desa MNM, Yusof YA, et al.

J Proteomics, 2021 06 15;241:104240.
PMID: 33894373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104240

Mass spectrometry-based proteomics relies on dedicated software for peptide and protein identification. These software include open-source or commercial-based search engines; wherein, they employ different algorithms to establish their scoring and identified proteins. Although previous comparative studies have differentiated the proteomics results from different software, there are still yet studies specifically been conducted to compare and evaluate the search engine in the field of halal analysis. This is important because the halal analysis is often using commercial meat samples that have been subjected to various processing, further complicating its analysis. Thus, this study aimed to assess three open-source search engines (Comet, X! Tandem, and ProteinProspector) and a commercial-based search engine (ProteinPilot™) against 135 raw tandem mass spectrometry data files from 15 types of pork-based food products for halal analysis. Each database search engine contained high false-discovery rate (FDR); however, a post-searching algorithm called PeptideProphet managed to reduce the FDR, except for ProteinProspector and ProteinPilot™. From this study, the combined database search engine (executed by iProphet) reveals a thorough protein list for pork-based food products; wherein the most abundant proteins are myofibrillar proteins. Thus, this proteomics study will aid the identification of potential peptide and protein biomarkers for future precision halal analysis. SIGNIFICANCE: A critical challenge of halal proteomics is the availability of a database to confirm the inferential peptides as well as proteins. Currently, the established database such as UniProtKB is related to animal proteome; however, the halal proteomics is related to the highly processed meat-based food products. This study highlights the use of different database search engines (Comet, X! Tandem, ProteinProspector, and ProteinPilot™) and their respective algorithms to analyse 135 raw tandem mass spectrometry data files from 15 types of pork-based food products. This is the first attempt that has compared different database search engines in the context of halal proteomics to ensure the effectiveness of controlling the FDR. Previous studies were just focused on the advantages of a certain algorithm over another. Moreover, other previous studies also have mainly reported the use of mass spectrometry-based shotgun proteomics for meat authentication (the most similar field to halal analysis), but none of the studies were reported on halal aspects that used samples originated from highly processed food products. Hence, a systematic comparative study is duly needed for a more comprehensive and thorough proteomics analysis for such samples. In this study, our combinatorial approach for halal proteomics results from the different search engines used (Comet, X! Tandem, and ProteinProspector) has successfully generated a comprehensive spectral library for the pork-based meat products. This combined spectral library is freely available at https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/6dmm8659rm/3. Thus far, this is the first and new attempt at establishing a spectral library for halal proteomics. We also believe this study is a pioneer for halal proteomics that aimed at non-conventional and non-model organism proteomics, protein analytics, protein bioinformatics, and potential biomarker discovery.

Matched MeSH terms: Search Engine
Fulltext Thymoquinone, as a Novel Therapeutic Candidate of Cancers

Almajali B, Al-Jamal HAN, Taib WRW, Ismail I, Johan MF, Doolaanea AA, et al.

Pharmaceuticals (Basel), 2021 Apr 16;14(4).
PMID: 33923474 DOI: 10.3390/ph14040369

To date, natural products are widely used as pharmaceutical agents for many human diseases and cancers. One of the most popular natural products that have been studied for anticancer properties is thymoquinone (TQ). As a bioactive compound of Nigella sativa, TQ has shown anticancer activities through the inhibition of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. The anticancer efficacy of TQ is being investigated in several human cancers such as pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer, hepatic cancer, cervical cancer, and leukemia. Even though TQ induces apoptosis by regulating the expression of pro- apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes in many cancers, the TQ effect mechanism on such cancers is not yet fully understood. Therefore, the present review has highlighted the TQ effect mechanisms on several signaling pathways and expression of tumor suppressor genes (TSG). Data from relevant published experimental articles on TQ from 2015 to June 2020 were selected by using Google Scholar and PubMed search engines. The present study investigated the effectiveness of TQ alone or in combination with other anticancer therapeutic agents, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors on cancers, as a future anticancer therapy nominee by using nanotechnology.

Matched MeSH terms: Search Engine
Fulltext Molecular and Biochemical Pathways of Catalpol in Alleviating Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications

Bhattamisra SK, Koh HM, Lim SY, Choudhury H, Pandey M

Biomolecules, 2021 02 20;11(2).
PMID: 33672590 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020323

Catalpol isolated from Rehmannia glutinosa is a potent antioxidant and investigated against many disorders. This review appraises the key molecular pathways of catalpol against diabetes mellitus and its complications. Multiple search engines including Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct were used to retrieve publications containing the keywords "Catalpol", "Type 1 diabetes mellitus", "Type 2 diabetes mellitus", and "diabetic complications". Catalpol promotes IRS-1/PI3K/AKT/GLUT2 activity and suppresses Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and Glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase) expression in the liver. Catalpol induces myogenesis by increasing MyoD/MyoG/MHC expression and improves mitochondria function through the AMPK/PGC-1α/PPAR-γ and TFAM signaling in skeletal muscles. Catalpol downregulates the pro-inflammatory markers and upregulates the anti-inflammatory markers in adipose tissues. Catalpol exerts antioxidant properties through increasing superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase (cat), and glutathione peroxidase (gsh-px) activity in the pancreas and liver. Catalpol has been shown to have anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptosis, and anti-fibrosis properties that in turn bring beneficial effects in diabetic complications. Its nephroprotective effect is related to the modulation of the AGE/RAGE/NF-κB and TGF-β/smad2/3 pathways. Catalpol produces a neuroprotective effect by increasing the expression of protein Kinase-C (PKC) and Cav-1. Furthermore, catalpol exhibits a cardioprotective effect through the apelin/APJ and ROS/NF-κB/Neat1 pathway. Catalpol stimulates proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast cells in high glucose condition. Lastly, catalpol shows its potential in preventing neurodegeneration in the retina with NF-κB downregulation. Overall, catalpol exhibits numerous beneficial effects on diabetes mellitus and diabetic complications.

Matched MeSH terms: Search Engine
A systematic review of the cost-effectiveness of medicationadherence-enhancing intervention for asthma

Khaw SM, Li SC, Mohd Tahir NA

J Asthma, 2021 Feb 08.
PMID: 33435775 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2021.1875483

Objective: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of medication adherence-improving interventions in patients with asthma.Data source: Search engines including PubMed, Scopus and EBSCOhost were used to locate relevant studies from the inception of the databases to 19 October 2018. Drummond's checklist was used to appraise the quality of the economic evaluation.Study selection: Economic studies evaluating the cost-effectiveness of medication adherence enhancing interventions for asthmatic patients were selected. Relevant information including study characteristics, quality assessment, health outcomes and costs of intervention were narratively summarized. The primary outcome of interest was cost-effectiveness (CE) values and the secondary outcomes were costs, medication adherence and clinical consequences.Results: Twenty studies including 11 randomized controlled trials, 6 comparative studies and 3 modeled studies using Markov models were included in the review. Among these, 15 studies evaluated an educational intervention with 13 showing cost-effectiveness in improving health outcomes. The CE of an internet-based intervention showed similar results between groups, while 3 studies of simplified drug regimens and adding a technology-based training program achieved the desirable cost-effectiveness outcome.Conclusion: Overall, our results would support that all of the identified medication adherence-enhancing interventions were cost-effective considering the increased adherence rate, improved clinical effectiveness and the reduced costs of asthma care. However, it was not possible to identify the most cost-effective intervention. More economic studies with sound methodological conduct will be needed to provide stronger evidence in deciding the best approach to improve medication adherence.

Matched MeSH terms: Search Engine
Fulltext Politics of disease control in Africa and the critical role of global health diplomacy: A systematic review

Chattu VK, Knight WA, Adisesh A, Yaya S, Reddy KS, Di Ruggiero E, et al.

Health Promot Perspect, 2021;11(1):20-31.
PMID: 33758752 DOI: 10.34172/hpp.2021.04

Background: Africa is facing the triple burden of communicable diseases, non-communicable diseases (NCDs), and nutritional disorders. Multilateral institutions, bilateral arrangements, and philanthropies have historically privileged economic development over health concerns. That focus has resulted in weak health systems and inadequate preparedness when there are outbreaks of diseases. This review aims to understand the politics of disease control in Africa and global health diplomacy's (GHD's) critical role. Methods: A literature review was done in Medline/PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and Google scholar search engines. Keywords included MeSH and common terms related to the topics: "Politics," "disease control," "epidemics/ endemics," and "global health diplomacy" in the "African" context. The resources also included reports of World Health Organization, United Nations and resolutions of the World Health Assembly (WHA). Results: African countries continue to struggle in their attempts to build health systems for disease control that are robust enough to tackle the frequent epidemics that plague the continent. The politics of disease control requires the crafting of cooperative partnerships to accommodate the divergent interests of multiple actors. Recent outbreaks of COVID-19 and Ebola had a significant impact on African economies. It is extremely important to prioritize health in the African development agendas. The African Union (AU) should leverage the momentum of the rise of GHD to (i) navigate the politics of global health governance in an interconnected world(ii) develop robust preparedness and disease response strategies to tackle emerging and reemerging disease epidemics in the region (iii) address the linkages between health and broader human security issues driven by climate change-induced food, water, and other insecurities (iv) mobilize resources and capacities to train health officials in the craft of diplomacy. Conclusion: The AU, Regional Economic Communities (RECs), and African Centres for Disease Control should harmonize their plans and strategies and align them towards a common goal that integrates health in African development agendas. The AU must innovatively harness the practice and tools of GHD towards developing the necessary partnerships with relevant actors in the global health arena to achieve the health targets of the Sustainable Development Goals.

Matched MeSH terms: Search Engine
Fulltext Population's health information-seeking behaviors and geographic variations of stroke in Malaysia: an ecological correlation and time series study

Ganasegeran K, Ch'ng ASH, Aziz ZA, Looi I

Sci Rep, 2020 Jul 09;10(1):11353.
PMID: 32647336 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68335-1

Stroke has emerged as a major public health concern in Malaysia. We aimed to determine the trends and temporal associations of real-time health information-seeking behaviors (HISB) and stroke incidences in Malaysia. We conducted a countrywide ecological correlation and time series study using novel internet multi-timeline data stream of 6,282 hit searches and conventional surveillance data of 14,396 stroke cases. We searched popular search terms related to stroke in Google Trends between January 2004 and March 2019. We explored trends by comparing average relative search volumes (RSVs) by month and weather through linear regression bootstrapping methods. Geographical variations between regions and states were determined through spatial analytics. Ecological correlation analysis between RSVs and stroke incidences was determined via Pearson's correlations. Forecasted model was yielded through exponential smoothing. HISB showed both cyclical and seasonal patterns. Average RSV was significantly higher during Northeast Monsoon when compared to Southwest Monsoon (P

Matched MeSH terms: Search Engine/statistics & numerical data
Fulltext Interventions to reduce HIV-related stigma in the healthcare settings: a scoping systematic review

Natalia Che Ishak, Hayati Kadir Shahar, Rosliza Abdul Manaf

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(1):284-290.
MyJurnal

HIV-related stigma will discourage the efforts in preventing new infections and engaging people to receive treatment, care and support programmes. Identifying the valuable interventions programmes to reduce HIV-related stigma in a healthcare setting is vital in order to deliver the best health services. A scoping systematic review was conducted. Articles were searched based on Pubmed and ScienceDirect search engines. The key words used were HIV stigma, intervention and healthcare. Published English articles in the past ten years involving HIV stigma intervention studies, and studies that involved healthcare workers in a healthcare setting were included. Reviewed articles, systematic review and meta-analysis articles were excluded. Primary screening of titles and abstract of 85 articles were done. Secondary screening of 19 articles resulted in 8 articles, included in this manuscript. Most of the reviewed articles showed, application of the Integrated Theoretical Model in the intervention programme as a guide and utilising combined intervention components are effective tools in delivering the intervention programme. The stigma reduc- tion-intervention programme should focus on the intervention components as a whole including training of HCW, role plays, group discussions, games, sharing of information and contacts with PLHIV as well presentations and lec- tures. An integrative model of behavioural prophecy is perceived and it is particularly essential for interventions that focus on creating and fortifying the aim in conducting the chosen behaviour.

Matched MeSH terms: Search Engine
Fulltext A call for knowledge and awareness with reference to organ donation among nursing students

ABM Tofazzal Hossain, Shaila Kabir, Constance Liew Sat Lin, Fairrul Kadir, M Tanvir Hossain Parash, Sadia Choudhury Shimmi, et al.

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(105):48-0.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Role of nurses is very important in raising awareness, motivation level and increasing rate of organ donation subsequently. There are many studies on critical care nurses’ roles and education affect organ donation. Methods: A narrative literature review article of published research. Twelve published articles from ten different countries were found using different renowned online search engines. Results: Knowledge about organ donation among nursing students almost all over the world is inadequate than expectation and requirement in respective country. Marlene R et al showed that scores on the knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs subscales were positively cor- related with the number of requests for tissue and organs and consents obtained (0.76); and consents obtained for tissues and consents obtained for organs (0.72). Professional education was indicated in 43% of nurses surpassing family beliefs, religion and mass media. The cognitive part (knowledge) is directly depends on non-cognitive (Aware- ness and Attitude). Findings from almost all articles suggest the need of adding organ donation topic in the nursing and medical curriculum to prepare competent nurses and health care providers for future. Conclusion: This study suggests that there is a need to integrate organ donation aspects into the educational program to prepare nurses for their roles in organ and tissue procurement as well as awareness among policy makers in this regard for the well-be- ing of our patients.

Matched MeSH terms: Search Engine
Fulltext Finite element modelling and simulation for lower limb of human bone: a review

Muhammad Hanif Ramlee

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(3):262-271.
MyJurnal

Most orthopaedic cases that involved with bone fracture are normally treated with medical implants. To be noticed that some precautions in terms of biomechanical and biomaterial properties are necessary for a successful post-sur- gery process. The biomechanical evaluation of implants could be carried out using computing and engineering technologies. However, in the computer simulation, some assumptions are needed as the limitations on computer resources and data input. This review focuses on the current method of developing the finite element model for patients with specific values of material properties for lower limb part such as hip, knee and ankle joint. Previous literature was reviewed from which keywords and search engines were identified. In this review, inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to limit the literature search. We reviewed the state-of-the-art in this area and provide recommendations for future research. In conclusion, the previous published reports illustrated different methods to develop numerical models.

Matched MeSH terms: Search Engine
A TRIZ-inspired bat algorithm for gene selection in cancer classification

Al-Betar MA, Alomari OA, Abu-Romman SM

Genomics, 2019 Oct 29.
PMID: 31676302 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.09.015

Gene expression data are expected to make a great contribution in the producing of efficient cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Gene expression data are coded by large measured genes, and only of a few number of them carry precious information for different classes of samples. Recently, several researchers proposed gene selection methods based on metaheuristic algorithms for analysing and interpreting gene expression data. However, due to large number of selected genes with limited number of patient's samples and complex interaction between genes, many gene selection methods experienced challenges in order to approach the most relevant and reliable genes. Hence, in this paper, a hybrid filter/wrapper, called rMRMR-MBA is proposed for gene selection problem. In this method, robust Minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevancy (rMRMR) as filter to select the most promising genes and an modified bat algorithm (MBA) as search engine in wrapper approach is proposed to identify a small set of informative genes. The performance of the proposed method has been evaluated using ten gene expression datasets. For performance evaluation, MBA is evaluated by studying the convergence behaviour of MBA with and without TRIZ optimisation operators. For comparative evaluation, the results of the proposed rMRMR-MBA were compared against ten state-of-arts methods using the same datasets. The comparative study demonstrates that the proposed method produced better results in terms of classification accuracy and number of selected genes in two out of ten datasets and competitive results on the remaining datasets. In a nutshell, the proposed method is able to produce very promising results with high classification accuracy which can be considered a promising contribution for gene selection domain.

Matched MeSH terms: Search Engine
Using Google Trends Data to Study Public Interest in Breast Cancer Screening in Malaysia

Mohamad M, Kok HS

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2019 May 25;20(5):1427-1432.
PMID: 31127903

Objective: This study aims to investigate the public pattern in seeking breast cancer screening information in
Malaysia using Google Trends. Methods: The Google Trends database was evaluated for the relative Internet search
popularity of breast cancer and screening-related search terms from 2007 to 2018. Results: Result showed downward
trends in breast cancer search, whereas mammogram and tomosynthesis search fluctuated consistently. A significant
increment was found during Pink October month. Breast cancer search term achieved the highest popularity in the east
coast of Malaysia with [x2 (5, N=661) = 110.93, P<0.05], whereas mammogram attained the highest search volume in
central Malaysia [x2 (4, N=67) = 18.90, P<0.05]. The cross-correlation for breast cancer was moderate among northern
Malaysia, Sabah, and Sarawak (0.3 ≤ rs ≤ 0.7). Conclusion: Public interest trend in breast cancer screening is strongly
correlated with the breast cancer awareness campaign, Pink October. Breast cancer screening should be promoted in
the rural areas in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Search Engine/trends*
Fulltext Botulinum Toxin Application in Facial Esthetics and Recent Treatment Indications (2013-2018)

Kattimani V, Tiwari RVC, Gufran K, Wasan B, Shilpa PH, Khader AA

J Int Soc Prev Community Dent, 2019 04 12;9(2):99-105.
PMID: 31058058 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_430_18

Background: Ever-changing perception of beauty from childhood to old age is changing with the revolution in cosmeceuticals science. Esthetics is an individual's perception since time immemorial. Standards of beauty have changed through centuries with increased awareness about esthetics. The face remains main source of information for identification and discrimination. It constitutes a structural ground for many nonverbal messages including the emotional state of a person, so the proverb "Face is an index of mind" holds good. The wrinkles and laxity are considered to be one of the factors for aging. Hence, escalating demand for cosmetic treatment to reduce facial wrinkles and laxity has stimulated us to search for published literature for nonsurgical techniques for enhancement of facial beauty. The review analyzed the published data to provide narrative basic review in a concise way to the beginners, clinicians, and students.
Materials and Methods: We have adopted search criteria using keywords: Botox, Botulinum toxin, incobotulinumtoxinA, esthetics, face, uses of Botox, with various Boolean operators and or in title, and abstract using PubMed search engine. The database search limited to PubMed only from January 2013 to June 2018.
Results: Various search results have been appended as annexures at the end of the article for further reference for the readers. Finally, 17 references were selected to write narrative review to meet our objectives.
Conclusion: The advancing front in the use of toxins is an emerging science for the beautification of a face. Botox exploded in to market because of efficacy, tolerability, and minimally invasive nature. The present review gives brief about the history of Botulinum toxin, types, mechanism of action, clinical indications, preparations, storage, and technique for various uses with a brief note on patient selection, contraindications, and complications.

Matched MeSH terms: Search Engine
Fulltext Total quality management in the health-care context: integrating the literature and directing future research

Alzoubi MM, Hayati KS, Rosliza AM, Ahmad AA, Al-Hamdan ZM

Risk Manag Healthc Policy, 2019;12:167-177.
PMID: 31576185 DOI: 10.2147/RMHP.S197038

Background: Synergistic integration of predictors and elements that determine the success of total quality management (TQM) implementations in hospitals has been the bane of theoretical development in the TQM research area. Thus, this paper aims to offer a systematic literature review to provide a foundation on which research on TQM can be built and to identify the predictors of successful TQM in the health-care context.
Materials and methods: A systematic literature survey was adopted in this paper, involving the review of 25 relevant researched articles found in the databases Science Direct, EBSCO, MEDLINE, CINAHL and PubMed.
Result: The systematic literature survey reveals five variables to be core predictors of TQM, signifying how important these variables are in the successful implementation of TQM in the health-care context. Also, it is revealed that the identified core predictors have positive effects on an improved health-care system. However, the systematic survey of the literature reveals a dearth of studies on TQM in the health-care context.
Conclusion: As TQM has become an important management approach for advancing effectiveness in the health-care sector, this kind of research is of value to researchers and managers. Stakeholders in the health sectors should introduce and implement TQM in hospitals and clinics. Nevertheless, this study has limitations, including that the databases and search engines adopted for the literature search are not exhaustive.

Matched MeSH terms: Search Engine
Systematic Review of an Automated Multiclass Detection and Classification System for Acute Leukaemia in Terms of Evaluation and Benchmarking, Open Challenges, Issues and Methodological Aspects

Alsalem MA, Zaidan AA, Zaidan BB, Hashim M, Albahri OS, Albahri AS, et al.

J Med Syst, 2018 Sep 19;42(11):204.
PMID: 30232632 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-018-1064-9

This study aims to systematically review prior research on the evaluation and benchmarking of automated acute leukaemia classification tasks. The review depends on three reliable search engines: ScienceDirect, Web of Science and IEEE Xplore. A research taxonomy developed for the review considers a wide perspective for automated detection and classification of acute leukaemia research and reflects the usage trends in the evaluation criteria in this field. The developed taxonomy consists of three main research directions in this domain. The taxonomy involves two phases. The first phase includes all three research directions. The second one demonstrates all the criteria used for evaluating acute leukaemia classification. The final set of studies includes 83 investigations, most of which focused on enhancing the accuracy and performance of detection and classification through proposed methods or systems. Few efforts were made to undertake the evaluation issues. According to the final set of articles, three groups of articles represented the main research directions in this domain: 56 articles highlighted the proposed methods, 22 articles involved proposals for system development and 5 papers centred on evaluation and comparison. The other taxonomy side included 16 main and sub-evaluation and benchmarking criteria. This review highlights three serious issues in the evaluation and benchmarking of multiclass classification of acute leukaemia, namely, conflicting criteria, evaluation criteria and criteria importance. It also determines the weakness of benchmarking tools. To solve these issues, multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) analysis techniques were proposed as effective recommended solutions in the methodological aspect. This methodological aspect involves a proposed decision support system based on MCDM for evaluation and benchmarking to select suitable multiclass classification models for acute leukaemia. The said support system is examined and has three sequential phases. Phase One presents the identification procedure and process for establishing a decision matrix based on a crossover of evaluation criteria and acute leukaemia multiclass classification models. Phase Two describes the decision matrix development for the selection of acute leukaemia classification models based on the integrated Best and worst method (BWM) and VIKOR. Phase Three entails the validation of the proposed system.

Matched MeSH terms: Search Engine
Fulltext Compilation of quranic verses (Juz 16 -30) and hadiths of Sahih Muslim related to visual function

Siti Aishah Md Halim, Noor Ezailina Badarudin, Hasbullah Mohamad

International Journal of Allied Health Sciences, 2018;2(3):417-425.
MyJurnal

Al Quran and Al Hadith are not book of sciences, but books of Divine guidance which can be referred to inspire in understanding things including the scientific nature of creation. This study was performed to compile the Quranic verses (Juz 16-30) and Hadith of Sahih Muslim which are related to visual function with scientifically proven facts. Five keywords were chosen based on the process of seeing which were “light”, “eye/eyes” and “sight” and the synonyms of sight which were “vision” and “see”. Search engine, Search Truth was used to help gather the verses and hadiths comprising the keywords. Cross reference with the original copy of the Holy Quran and book of Sahih Muslim was done to ensure the authenticity of the Quranic verses and hadiths. Existing scientific facts regarding the revelation were then gathered to support the findings.There were 377 Quranic verses (Juz 16-30) containing the words “light”, “eye/eyes” and “sight” (and its synonyms). Out of this, only 6 Quranic verses have relation to visual function and have been scientifically proven. For hadith of Sahih Muslim, there were 1285 hadiths containing the words “light”, “eye/eyes” and “sight” (and its synonyms). Out of 1285 hadiths only 8 hadiths of Sahih Muslim found to have relation to visual function and has scientifically proven facts.

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