Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 141 in total

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  1. Fulltext Toxoplasmosis with special reference to peninsular Malaysia and Singapore
    Thomas V
    Malays J Pathol, 1979 Aug;2:23-31.
    PMID: 263419
    Matched MeSH terms: Toxoplasmosis/diagnosis; Toxoplasmosis/epidemiology; Toxoplasmosis/therapy; Toxoplasmosis/transmission*; Toxoplasmosis, Animal/transmission*
  2. Fulltext Seroprevalence and sources of toxoplasmosis among Orang Asli (indigenous) communities in Peninsular Malaysia
    Ngui R, Lim YA, Amir NF, Nissapatorn V, Mahmud R
    Am J Trop Med Hyg, 2011 Oct;85(4):660-6.
    PMID: 21976569 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2011.11-0058
    This study aims to evaluate the current seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis among indigenous communities in Peninsular Malaysia and relate its association with epidemiological data. Overall seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii was 37.0% with 31.0% immunoglobulin (Ig) G, 1.8% IgM, and 4.2% seropositivity for both anti-Toxoplasma antibodies. Multivariate analysis showed that age above 12 years (odds ratio [OR] = 2.70, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.75-4.04, P < 0.001), using untreated river and mountain water supplies (OR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.01-2.40, P = 0.050), and close proximity with cats (OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.10-1.76, P = 0.010) were factors associated with toxoplasmosis. Given the high seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis among these communities who live in poor socioeconomic conditions, a comprehensive health surveillance program and screening should be initiated among women of childbearing age and pregnant women during the antenatal period for early diagnosis and treatment. The role of domestic cats and environmental contamination with oocyst in soil and water has to be highlighted and addressed in future prevention strategies for these communities.
    Matched MeSH terms: Toxoplasmosis/ethnology; Toxoplasmosis/epidemiology*
  3. Acquired toxoplasmosis in Malaysia
    Leong AS, Wang F, Thomas V, Ong TH
    Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1976 Mar;7(1):10-5.
    PMID: 1027097
    Two cases of acquired toxoplasmosis in asymptomatic Malaysian patients are described. In both instances the diagnosis was first made on the finding of the Piringer-Kuchinka reaction in excised lymph nodes from these patients and serological studies further confirmed the presence of hihg toxoplasmic antibody titres. The characteristic histological features of toxoplasmic lymphadenitis are discussed. Diagnosis and management of the disease are briefly reviewed with emphasis that the importance of diagnosing this disease goes beyond the establishment of a mostly self-limiting, clinically unimportant protozoan infection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Toxoplasmosis/diagnosis; Toxoplasmosis/epidemiology*
  4. Fulltext Ocular toxoplasmosis in Malaysia
    Lim VKE, Tan PL
    Med J Malaysia, 1983 Sep;38(3):185-7.
    PMID: 6672558
    31 cases of ocular toxoplasmosis were seen at the Ophthalmology Clinic, Uniuersiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur during a one-and-a-half year period. All these cases were diagnosed as congenital ocular toxoplasmosis. As this condition appears not to be uncommon in. Malaysia, greater effort should be made towards its prevention especially among pregnant women.

    Study site: Ophthalmology Clinic, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM)
    Matched MeSH terms: Toxoplasmosis, Ocular*
  5. Global status of Toxoplasma gondii infection: systematic review and prevalence snapshots
    Molan A, Nosaka K, Hunter M, Wang W
    Trop Biomed, 2019 Dec 01;36(4):898-925.
    PMID: 33597463
    Our group sought to determine the global status of T. gondii infection and to evaluate any continental and geographical trends by systematically examining the currently available epidemiological data on the prevalence of T. gondii infection. A comprehensive literature search was conducted from 10 electronic databases (Google Scholar, Science Direct, Embase, PubMed, PLOS ONE, Web of Knowledge, SciELO, MyAIS, Free Medical Journals, and Scopus) without date or language restrictions. Specific medical subject heading terms were used to search for human T. gondii seroprevalence studies that recruited subjects from general apparently healthy populations. The data were collated and analysed for both continental and global trends. The search identified 152 published studies that examined a total of 648,010 subjects. From these, 166,255 were seropositive for T. gondii infection indicating an average global seroprevalence rate of 25.7% (95% CI: 25.6 - 25.8%). The overall range of seroprevalence was determined to be 0.5 - 87.7%. African countries had the highest average seroprevalence rate of 61.4%, followed by Oceania with 38.5%, South America with 31.2%, Europe with 29.6%, USA/Canada with 17.5%, and Asia with 16.4%. Numerous environmental and human factors affect the differences in T. gondii seroprevalence rates observed between the various countries and continents. Monitoring the source and transmission may assist public health authorities to clarify the risk factors involved, as well as focus on implementing optimal state-specific health policies targeting T. gondii transmission control.
    Matched MeSH terms: Toxoplasmosis/epidemiology*
  6. Haemagglutination tests in malaria and toxoplasma: observations on sedimentation patterns
    Saave JJ
    Med J Malaya, 1966 Jun;20(4):324.
    PMID: 4224344
    Matched MeSH terms: Toxoplasmosis/immunology*
  7. Fulltext Toxoplasmosis in HIV/AIDS: a living legacy
    Nissapatorn V
    Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2009 Nov;40(6):1158-78.
    PMID: 20578449
    Toxoplasmosis has historically been considered one of the most important opportunistic infections detected in HIV/AIDS patients. The prevalence rates of latent Toxoplasma infections in HIV-infected patients has been found to vary greatly from 3% to 97%. Prevalence has been found to be related to ethnicity, certain risk factors, and reactivation of toxoplasmosis. Prior to antiretroviral therapy, toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE) was the most common focal cerebral lesion detected in AIDS patients with Toxoplasma infection, occurring in approximately half of Toxoplasma-seropositive patients. Other forms of dissemination have also been reported in AIDS patients in sites such as the eyes, lungs, heart and spinal cord. Anti-Toxoplasma therapy and chemoprophylaxis have shown effectiveness in reducing the incidence of TE, while noncompliance has been identified as a cause of relapse in these settings. Toxoplasmosis is one of the most common neuropathological complications found at autopsy. Rapid progress in the development of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has changed the observed patterns with TE, for which there has been a marked decrease in overall incidence. Subsequently, TE has been found to be significantly associated with the so-called "neurological immune restoration inflammatory syndrome" (NIRIS). Toxoplasma screening programs are recommended for all newly diagnosed HIV-positive patients. Chemoprophylaxis should be considered in HIV-infected patients who have a CD4 < 200 cells/mm3, particularly in settings where resources are limited and there is not access to HAART. TE remains a cause of morbidity and mortality among AIDS patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Toxoplasmosis/immunology; Toxoplasmosis/epidemiology*; Toxoplasmosis/parasitology*; Toxoplasmosis/prevention & control
  8. Fulltext Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis among AIDS patients in Hospital Kuala Lumpur, 2001
    Nissapatorn V, Lee CK, Khairul AA
    Singapore Med J, 2003 Apr;44(4):194-6.
    PMID: 12952031
    Four hundred and six AIDS patients were recruited in this retrospective study. The seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis among 406 AIDS patients was 208 (51.2%). Their age ranged from 17 to 74 years with a median of 35 years. The majority of patients were males 172 (82.6%), Malays 99 (47.5%), single 109 (52.4%), unemployed 99 (47.6%) and heterosexual with commercial sex workers (CSW) 97 (46.6%) as the risk marker to HIV infection. Thirty-one (14.9%) of 208 AIDS-related toxoplasmosis were diagnosed as active toxoplasmic encephalitis. The most common clinical manifestation was headache (67.7%). The CT scan findings showed most lesions to be multiple (87.5%), hypodense (66.7%), and in frontal region (41.7%). Twenty-two (71%) patients had chronic (latent) Toxoplasma infection as evidenced by seropositivity for anti-Toxoplasma (IgG) antibody. They were statistically significant in the association between CD4 count and toxoplasmic encephalitis (P = 0.019; OR = 2.6; 95% CI = 1.14-6.02). After the initial six weeks of anti-TE therapy, relapsing toxoplasmic encephalitis was detected in 9.7% in this study.
    Matched MeSH terms: Toxoplasmosis/epidemiology*; Toxoplasmosis/radiography; Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral/epidemiology
  9. Fulltext Toxoplasmosis-serological evidence and associated risk factors among pregnant women in southern Thailand
    Nissapatorn V, Suwanrath C, Sawangjaroen N, Ling LY, Chandeying V
    Am J Trop Med Hyg, 2011 Aug;85(2):243-7.
    PMID: 21813842 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2011.10-0633
    Toxoplasma gondii is an important parasite in pregnant women. This case-controlled study assessed the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in 640 pregnant women in southern Thailand and identified their associated risk factors. The overall seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis was 181 (28.3%). Of this, 138 (21.6%) were positive for only anti-Toxoplasma immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody, 43 (6.7%) were positive for both IgG and IgM antibodies, and none were positive for IgM antibody. Multivariate analysis revealed that increasing age (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.64, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01-2.67), living outside Songkhla province (adjusted OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.08-2.24), parity (adjusted OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.01-2.68), contact with cats (adjusted OR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.20-2.43), and drinking of unclean water (adjusted OR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.08-2.68) were factors associated with Toxoplasma seroprevalence. On the basis of the results obtained, a health surveillance program should be initiated as a primary preventive measure for congenital toxoplasmosis and focus on educating women of the child-bearing age group to avoid contact with cats and to strictly practice personal hygiene.
    Matched MeSH terms: Toxoplasmosis/blood*; Toxoplasmosis/epidemiology*
  10. Fulltext Protective immune response in BALB/c mice induced by DNA vaccine of the ROP8 gene of Toxoplasma gondii
    Parthasarathy S, Fong MY, Ramaswamy K, Lau YL
    Am J Trop Med Hyg, 2013 May;88(5):883-7.
    PMID: 23509124 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.12-0727
    Toxoplasmosis in humans and other animals is caused by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. During the process of host cell invasion and parasitophorous vacuole formation by the tachyzoites, the parasite secretes Rhoptry protein 8 (ROP8), an apical secretory organelle. Thus, ROP8 is an important protein for the pathogenesis of T. gondii. The ROP8 DNA was constructed into a pVAX-1 vaccine vector and used for immunizing BALB/c mice. Immunized mice developed immune response characterized by significant antibody responses, antigen-specific proliferation of spleen cells, and production of high levels of IFN-γ (816 ± 26.3 pg/mL). Challenge experiments showed significant levels of increase in the survival period (29 days compared with 9 days in control) in ROP8 DNA vaccinated mice after a lethal challenge with T. gondii. Results presented in this study suggest that ROP8 DNA is a promising and potential vaccine candidate against toxoplasmosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Toxoplasmosis/immunology; Toxoplasmosis/parasitology; Toxoplasmosis/prevention & control; Toxoplasmosis, Animal/immunology*; Toxoplasmosis, Animal/parasitology; Toxoplasmosis, Animal/prevention & control
  11. Fulltext CNS toxoplasmosis induced hydrocephalus revisited and a brief review of AIDS dementia complex
    Chow MB
    Med J Malaysia, 2013 Jun;68(3):278.
    PMID: 23749026
    Matched MeSH terms: Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral*
  12. Fulltext Detection of Toxoplasma gondii DNA by PCR following microwave treatment of serum and whole blood
    Meganathan P, Singh S, Ling LY, Singh J, Subrayan V, Nissapatorn V
    Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2010 Mar;41(2):265-73.
    PMID: 20578507
    Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in blood by means of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) may facilitate early diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in different groups of patients. We evaluated this approach in 42 patients presenting with ocular or psychotic diseases by comparing the sensitivity and specificity of PCR after heat treatment using a microwave oven with a standard genomic DNA extraction method for paired serum and whole blood samples. The presence of serum IgM and IgG antibodies against T. gondii was detected using a standard commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and enzyme immunoassay for IgG avidity test. Of 42 whole blood samples, PCR after microwave treatment was positive in 8 samples with a sensitivity of 73% and specificity of 100% compared to 11 samples positive by the extraction method. Although none of 42 sera samples was PCR positive by the extraction method, 7 specimens were positive after microwave treatment. This is the first study to use a microwave heat treatment, which is simple, rapid and a promising alternative method, in detecting small amounts of T. gondii DNA in human blood. Furthermore, irradiation of blood samples with microwaves allows incorporation of PCR into a practical tool for routine clinical assessment of patients with Toxoplasma infection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Toxoplasmosis/blood*; Toxoplasmosis/diagnosis*; Toxoplasmosis/genetics; Toxoplasmosis, Ocular/blood; Toxoplasmosis, Ocular/diagnosis; Toxoplasmosis, Ocular/genetics
  13. Fulltext Cerebral toxoplasmosis in systemic lupus erythematosus following intravenous methylprednisolone
    Pagalavan L, Kan FK
    Med J Malaysia, 2011 Mar;66(1):68-70.
    PMID: 23765150 MyJurnal
    Cerebral toxoplasmosis is a rare complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). An 18 year old male student, newly diagnosed to have SLE, developed neurological symptoms two days after completing intravenous methylprednisolone. Computed tomography (CT) scan showed features consistent with a diagnosis of probable cerebral toxoplasmosis. He responded dramatically to antitoxoplasma therapy. To our knowledge, this is the first case report in the literature that presents a newly diagnosed SLE patient who rapidly developed cerebral toxoplasmosis following administration of intravenous methylprednisolone. Our case illustrates that this drug is potentially fatal and the importance of differentiating cerebral infection from neuropsychiatric lupus.
    Matched MeSH terms: Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral*
  14. Growth of Toxoplasma gondii in sarcoma 180 mouse ascites tumor cells
    Zaman V
    Med J Malaya, 1968 Mar;22(3):195-7.
    PMID: 4234355
    Matched MeSH terms: Toxoplasmosis/metabolism*
  15. Advances in research on schistosomiasis and toxoplasmosis in China: A bibliometric analysis of Chinese academic journals published from 1980 to 2021
    Tao Y, Shen C, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Leow CY, Wu J, et al.
    Acta Trop, 2023 Feb;238:106783.
    PMID: 36455636 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106783
    BACKGROUND: The scale-up of zoonoses prevention control and eradication in China, coupled with numerous academic articles in Chinese journals has led to the development of new tools and strategies aimed at further consolidating parasite control goals. As a result, there is a growing need for an up-to-date understanding of the research progress and prevention and control experience of parasitic diseases in China.

    METHODS: To understand the research status of schistosomiasis and toxoplasmosis in China, academic articles published in Chinese journals from 1980 to 2021 were retrieved from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wanfang databases. The Bibliographic Items Co-occurrence Matrix Builder (BICOMB) software was used to extract and analyze the keyword frequencies. The 'K/A ratio' as the frequency of a keyword that occurred in all the articles within a certain time stage was calculated to compare the popularity of the same keyword in different time stages. Keyword co-occurrence network maps were constructed by VOSviewer software.

    RESULTS: A total of 18,508 articles in the research field of Schistosoma and 13,289 articles in the field of Toxoplasma gondii were included. Results in both fields showed some similarities: the annual number of articles presented an increasing trend before entering the 21st century and decreased rapidly in recent years. Two opposite changing trends of keyword frequency could be observed in the K/A ratio analysis: the K/A ratios of 'Surveillance' and 'Infection' continuously increased over time, while those of 'Schistosoma mansoni' and 'Mesenteric lymph nodes' decreased. The diversification of keyword co-occurrence networks could be observed in the co-occurrence network maps.

    CONCLUSIONS: This bibliometric analysis reveals trends in research themes in the fields of Schistosoma and Toxoplasma gondii from 1980 to 2021, presenting China's experience such as a high degree of government involvement and multidisciplinary participation in schistosomiasis and toxoplasmosis control and elimination.

    Matched MeSH terms: Toxoplasmosis*
  16. Toxoplasma gondii: determination of the onset of chronic infection in mice and the in vitro reactivation of brain cysts
    Chew WK, Wah MJ, Ambu S, Segarra I
    Exp Parasitol, 2012 Jan;130(1):22-5.
    PMID: 22027550 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2011.10.004
    Toxoplasma gondii is an intra-cellular parasite that infects humans through vertical and horizontal transmission. The cysts remain dormant in the brain of infected humans and can reactivate in immunocompromised hosts resulting in acute toxoplasmic encephalitis which may be fatal. We determined the onset and progression of brain cysts generation in a mouse model following acute toxoplasmosis as well as the ability of brain cysts to reactivate in vitro. Male Balb/c mice, (uninfected control group, n = 10) were infected orally (study group, n = 50) with 1000 tachyzoites of T. gondii (ME49 strain) and euthanized at 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 weeks post infection. Brain tissue was harvested, homogenized, stained and the number of brain cysts counted. Aliquots of brain homogenate with cysts were cultured in vitro with confluent Vero cells and the number of cysts and tachyzoites counted after 1 week. Brain cysts but not tachyzoites were detected at week 2 post infection and reached a plateau by week 4. In vitro Vero cells culture showed similar pattern for cysts and tachyzoites and reactivation of cyst in vitro was not influenced by the age of the brain cysts.
    Matched MeSH terms: Toxoplasmosis, Animal/parasitology*; Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral/parasitology*
  17. Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis among migrant workers from different Asian countries working in Malaysia
    Chan BT, Amal RN, Hayati MI, Kino H, Anisah N, Norhayati M, et al.
    Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2008 Jan;39(1):9-13.
    PMID: 18567437
    A serologic study of Toxoplasma antibodies among 501 foreign migrant workers in Malaysia was conducted in a plantation and detention camp. The highest prevalence rate of 46.2% was among Nepalese workers. Statistical analysis indicated the IgG positivity rate among local residents was significantly higher than the migrants studied (p < 0.05). The IgM positivity rate showed no significant difference between the two groups (p > 0.05). No significant difference in the prevalence rate was noted between the migrants and the local workers when grouped by agricultural and non-agricultural occupations (p > 0.05). The continuous introduction of these infections may influence the epidemiology and further compromise efforts in control and prevention. It is therefore important to monitor of non-notifiable diseases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Toxoplasmosis/diagnosis; Toxoplasmosis/epidemiology*; Toxoplasmosis/parasitology
  18. Fulltext Seroepidemiology of toxoplasmosis among HIV-infected patients and healthy blood donors
    Nissapatorn V, Kamarulzaman A, Init I, Tan LH, Rohela M, Norliza A, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2002 Sep;57(3):304-10.
    PMID: 12440270 MyJurnal
    A cross-sectional study was carried out in University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur. Blood samples from 100 HIV-infected patients and 203 Healthy Blood Donors (HBD) were collected and anti-Toxoplasma antibodies were detected by using conventional ELISA. The seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in HIV/AIDS and Healthy Blood Donors were found to be 21% and 28.1% respectively. There was no significant association between the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis and various possible risk factors i.e. contact with cat, consumption of undercooked meat and history of blood transfusion in both groups. No significant differences between Toxoplasma seroprevalence in HIV/AIDS and Healthy Blood Donors in association with presence of single or multiple risk factors were found. The mean CD4 count among HIV/AIDS patients in this study was 202.23 cell/cumm. There was no significant association between CD4 count and seropositivity for Toxoplasma antibodies in HIV/AIDS patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Toxoplasmosis/blood*; Toxoplasmosis/complications; Toxoplasmosis/epidemiology*
  19. Fulltext Knowledge and preventive behaviour among pregnant women with latent toxoplasmosis in Malaysia
    Ahmad N., Osman, E., Abdul Ghani, N.A., Leong, W.Y., Arzaee, M.Z., Seow, Y.Y., et al.
    Medicine & Health, 2020;15(2):108-123.
    MyJurnal
    Toksoplasmosis pendam dapat menyebabkan pelbagai gangguan hormon dan tingkah laku dalam hos terjangkit. Kami berhasrat untuk mengkaji sero-prevalens Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) pendam serta hubungan antara jangkitan dengan pengetahuan dan tingkah laku dalam kalangan 400 ibu hamil. Sampel plasma diuji untuk kehadiran antibodi IgG T. gondii dan soal selidik berstruktur digunakan untuk merekodkan ciri-ciri sosio-demografi responden, maklumat umum dan pengetahuan mengenai faktor risiko, gejala, masa jangkitan, pengetahuan pencegahan serta tingkah laku pencegahan toksoplasmosis. Sero-prevalensi toksoplasmosis pendam dalam wanita hamil adalah 31.8%. Kajian menunjukkan, 69.5% daripada mereka mempunyai kurang pengetahuan mengenai toksoplasmosis. Walau bagaimanapun, majoritinya (99.8%) mengamalkan tingkah laku pencegahan. Analisis regresi logistik berganda menunjukkan wanita hamil dengan tahap pendidikan rendah mempunyai hampir dua kali lebih risiko (nisbah ods terlaras: 1.91, 95% SK 1.18, 3.10; p = 0.008) untuk T. gondii IgG seropositif. Wanita hamil yang mempunyai sejarah perubatan lalu mempunyai dua kali lebih kemungkinan (nisbah ods terlaras: 2.32, 95% SK 1.32, 4.06; p = 0.003) untuk T. gondii IgG seropositif. Selain itu, wanita yang tidak pasti mengenai mod penyebaran penyakit melalui pemindahan darah mempunyai empat kali lebih ods (nisbah ods terlaras: 3.93, 95% SK 1.54, 10.01; p = 0.004) untuk sero-prevalens kronik toksoplasmosis. Wanita yang tidak pasti mengenai keperluan menghindari kucing liar mempunyai nisbah ods terlaras: 0.42 (95% SK 0.24, 0.71, p = 0.001) untuk sero-prevalens kronik toksoplasmosis. Penterjemahan pengetahuan tentang toksoplasmosis kepada amalan tingkah laku pencegahan melalui program pendidikan kesihatan adalah penting untuk mengurangkan risiko penularan penyakit ini dalam kalangan wanita hamil.
    Matched MeSH terms: Toxoplasmosis
  20. Letter: Toxoplasma antibody in West Malaysia (Peninsular Malaya)
    Bisseru B, Chong LK
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1974;68(2):172-3.
    PMID: 4460304
    Matched MeSH terms: Toxoplasmosis/immunology*; Toxoplasmosis, Ocular/immunology
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