Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 41 in total

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  1. A Recombinant Subunit HSABA392 as a potential Vaccine for Haemorrhagic septicaemia disease in livestock
    Rita DV, Swee KCW, Shamini C, Kang TL, Nurshamimi NR, Hussin AR, et al.
    Trop Biomed, 2018 Dec 01;35(4):1075-1086.
    PMID: 33601854
    Haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) is a major disease in cattle and buffaloes, caused by certain serotypes of Pasteurella multocida, mainly B and E serotypes. Frequent HS outbreak has a major impact in many Asian countries, including Malaysia, where farmers encounter economic loss due to low milk production as well as death of their livestock. There are four types of vaccines available; broth bacterins, alum precipitated vaccine, aluminium hydroxide gel vaccine and oil adjuvant vaccine (OAV), but these vaccines can only provide short term immunity and therefore need to be administered annually. Hence, the development of a protein vaccine using recombinant antigen can be a potential candidate for the production of HS vaccine that would give longer immunity. We have successfully cloned the ABA392 gene fragment into a protein expression vector, pET-30a. The protein was expressed from our ABA392/pET30a clone and the immunogenicity of the protein has been tested on rats. This vaccine was able to trigger an immune response and therefore has the potential to be tested as suitable vaccine candidate in future studies. It is envisaged that this subunit vaccine will make a significant contribution in the management of HS among livestock in future.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Vaccines
  2. A non-toxic recombinant protein rSUMO-CPBm4 as a potential vaccine candidate against Clostridium perfringens type C beta enterotoxemia
    Goa Y, Du JG, Jirapattharasate C, Galon E, Ji SW, Ran ZG, et al.
    Trop Biomed, 2023 Dec 01;40(4):400-405.
    PMID: 38308826 DOI: 10.47665/tb.40.4.004
    Beta toxin (CPB) is a lethal toxin and plays a key role in enterotoxemia of ruminants caused by Clostridium perfringens type C strain. The existing vaccines based on crude CPB need time-consuming detoxification and difficult quality control steps. In this study, we synthesized the rCPBm4 of C. perfringens type C strain and small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-tag CPBm4 (rSUMO-CPBm4) by introducing four amino acid substitutions: R212E, Y266A, L268G, and W275A. Compared with rCPBm4, rSUMO-CPBm4 was expressed with higher solubility in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Neither rCPBm4 nor rSUMO-CPBm4 was lethal to mice. Although rCPBm4 and rSUMO-CPBm4 were reactogenic with polyclonal antibodies against crude CPB, rabbits vaccinated with rSUMO-CPBm4 developed significant levels of toxin-neutralizing antibody (TNA) titers that conferred protection against crude toxin challenge. These data suggest that genetically detoxified rSUMO-CPBm4 is a promising subunit vaccine candidate for C. perfringens type C beta enterotoxemia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Vaccines
  3. Antigenic potential of a recombinant polyvalent DNA vaccine against pathogenic leptospiral infection
    Garba B, Bahaman AR, Zakaria Z, Bejo SK, Mutalib AR, Bande F, et al.
    Microb Pathog, 2018 Nov;124:136-144.
    PMID: 30138761 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.08.028
    Leptospirosis is a serious epidemic disease caused by pathogenic Leptospira species. The disease is endemic in most tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. Currently, there is no effective polyvalent vaccine for prevention against most of the circulating serovars. Moreover, development of an efficient leptospiral vaccine capable of stimulating cross-protective immune responses against a wide range of serovars remains a daunting challenge. This, in part, is associated with the extensive diversity and variation of leptospiral serovars from region to region. In this study, a multi-epitope DNA vaccine encoding highly immunogenic epitopes from LipL32 and LipL41 was designed using in-silico approach. The DNA encoding antigenic epitopes was constructed from conserved pathogenic Leptospira genes (LipL32 and LipL41). Immunization of golden Syrian hamsters with the multi-epitope chimeric DNA vaccine resulted in the production of both agglutinating and neutralizing antibodies as evidence by MAT and in-vitro growth inhibition tests respectively. The antibodies produced reacted against eight different serovars and significantly reduced renal colonization following in vivo challenge. The vaccine was also able to significantly reduce renal colonization which is a very important factor responsible for persistence of leptospires among susceptible and reservoir animal hosts. In conclusion, the leptospiral multi-epitope chimeric DNA vaccine can serve as a potentially effective and safe vaccine against infection with different pathogenic leptospiral serovars.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Vaccines/administration & dosage; Bacterial Vaccines/genetics; Bacterial Vaccines/immunology*
  4. Application of Reverse Vaccinology and Immunoinformatic Strategies for the Identification of Vaccine Candidates Against Shigella flexneri
    Leow CY, Chuah C, Abdul Majeed AB, Mohd Nor N, Leow CH
    Methods Mol Biol, 2022;2414:17-35.
    PMID: 34784029 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1900-1_2
    Reverse vaccinology (RV) was first introduced by Rappuoli for the development of an effective vaccine against serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis (MenB). With the advances in next generation sequencing technologies, the amount of genomic data has risen exponentially. Since then, the RV approach has widely been used to discover potential vaccine protein targets by screening whole genome sequences of pathogens using a combination of sophisticated computational algorithms and bioinformatic tools. In contrast to conventional vaccine development strategies, RV offers a novel method to facilitate rapid vaccine design and reduces reliance on the traditional, relatively tedious, and labor-intensive approach based on Pasteur"s principles of isolating, inactivating, and injecting the causative agent of an infectious disease. Advances in biocomputational techniques have remarkably increased the significance for the rapid identification of the proteins that are secreted or expressed on the surface of pathogens. Immunogenic proteins which are able to induce the immune response in the hosts can be predicted based on the immune epitopes present within the protein sequence. To date, RV has successfully been applied to develop vaccines against a variety of infectious pathogens. In this chapter, we apply a pipeline of bioinformatic programs for identification of Shigella flexneri potential vaccine candidates as an illustration immunoinformatic tools available for RV.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Vaccines
  5. Fulltext Burkholderia vaccines: are we moving forward?
    Choh LC, Ong GH, Vellasamy KM, Kalaiselvam K, Kang WT, Al-Maleki AR, et al.
    Front Cell Infect Microbiol, 2013;3:5.
    PMID: 23386999 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2013.00005
    The genus Burkholderia consists of diverse species which includes both "friends" and "foes." Some of the "friendly" Burkholderia spp. are extensively used in the biotechnological and agricultural industry for bioremediation and biocontrol. However, several members of the genus including B. pseudomallei, B. mallei, and B. cepacia, are known to cause fatal disease in both humans and animals. B. pseudomallei and B. mallei are the causative agents of melioidosis and glanders, respectively, while B. cepacia infection is lethal to cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Due to the high rate of infectivity and intrinsic resistance to many commonly used antibiotics, together with high mortality rate, B. mallei and B. pseudomallei are considered to be potential biological warfare agents. Treatments of the infections caused by these bacteria are often unsuccessful with frequent relapse of the infection. Thus, we are at a crucial stage of the need for Burkholderia vaccines. Although the search for a prophylactic therapy candidate continues, to date development of vaccines has not advanced beyond research to human clinical trials. In this article, we review the current research on development of safe vaccines with high efficacy against B. pseudomallei, B. mallei, and B. cepacia. It can be concluded that further research will enable elucidation of the potential benefits and risks of Burkholderia vaccines.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Vaccines/immunology*
  6. Characterization of immune response and duration of protection in buffaloes immunized with haemorrhagic septicaemia vaccines
    Chandrasekaran S, Kennett L, Yeap PC, Muniandy N, Rani B, Mukkur TK
    Vet Microbiol, 1994 Aug 01;41(3):213-9.
    PMID: 7975147
    Two of the three buffaloes immunized with a non-adjuvanted broth bacterin were found to be protected against experimental challenge at 6 weeks but not at 3 months post-challenge. Similarly all buffaloes (4/4) immunized with alum-precipitated vaccine were protected at 6 months but only 1 of the 2 vaccinated animals were protected at 12 months post-immunization. On the other hand, buffaloes immunized with an oil adjuvant and a double emulsion vaccine were completely protected at 12 months post-immunization. Statistically significant differences between immunized versus non-immune animals became evident at 3 months post-immunization, although analysis of cumulative antibody titres of pre-challenge sera of vaccinated buffaloes surviving versus those succumbing to experimental challenge revealed significant by higher antibody titres in the former as compared to the latter group. These results suggested that there was a relationship between ELISA antibody titres and active protection in buffaloes. There also appeared to be a relationship between cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity and active protection in buffaloes. Preliminary analysis of the antibody isotype distribution in the pre-challenge sera of 2 buffaloes vaccinated with the oil adjuvant vaccine revealed predominance of IgG1 and IgG2 subclasses whose role in protection against haemorrhagic septicaemia was not eludicated.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Vaccines/administration & dosage*
  7. Clinical responses in cows vaccinated with a developed prototype killed Staphylococcus aureus mastitis vaccine
    Hambali IU, Bhutto KR, Jesse FFA, Lawan A, Odhah MN, Wahid AH, et al.
    Microb Pathog, 2018 Nov;124:101-105.
    PMID: 30114463 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.08.017
    Mastitis is an inflammatory condition of the udder that occurs as a result of the release of leucocytes into the udder in a response to bacterial invasion. The major causes of mastitis are an array of gram positive and negative bacteria, however, algae, virus, fungi, mechanical or thermal injury to the gland have also been identified as possible causes. Mastitis vaccines are yet to be developed using Malaysian local isolate of bacteria. The objective of the present experimental trial was to develop a monovalent vaccine against mastitis using S. aureus of Malaysian isolate and to evaluate the clinical responses such as temperature, respiratory rates and heart rates in vaccinated cows. S. aureus is a major causative bacteria in clinical and subclinical types of mastitis in cows. Four concentrations of the bacterin (106, 107, 108 and 109 cfu/ml of the local isolate of S. aureus) were prepared using Aluminium potassium sulfate adjuvant. Thirty cows were grouped into four treatment groups (B, C, D and E) with a fifth group as control (A). These groups were vaccinated intramuscularly(IM) with the prepared monovalent vaccine and its influence on the vital signs were intermittently measured. The mean of rectal temperature was significantly different (p˂ 0.05) at 0hr Post Vaccination [1]" in groups D and E (39.5 ± 0.15 °C and 39.4 ± 0.15 °C respectively) and at 3 h PV in groups C, D and E (39.8 ± 0.14 °C, 39.9 ± 0.14 °C and 40.3 ± 0.14 °C respectively) compared to the control group. This indicated a sharp increased rectal temperatures between 0hr and 3 h PV in groups C, D and E which later declined at 24 h PV. The mean of rectal temperature of group E was significantly different (p˂ 0.05) at weeks 1 and 2 PV (39.87 ± 0.19 °C and 39.80 ± 0.18 °C respectively) compared to the control group. The mean of heart rate was significantly different (p˂ 0.05) at week 1 PV in groups D and E (83.0 ± 3.8 beats/minute and 80.0 ± 3.8 °C respectively) compared to control. A trending decrease was however observed in heart rates of group E from weeks through 4 PV and in group D from weeks 1 through 3 PV. The mean of respiratory rates was significantly different (p˂ 0.05) at week 3 PV in group B and D (31.0 ± 1.2 breaths/minute and 28.0 ± 1.2 breaths/minute) compared to control. In conclusion, this study highlights responses of these vital signs due to vaccination against S. aureus causing mastitis in cows. To the best of our knowledge the findings of this study adds value to the shallow literature on vital signs alterations in cows vaccinated against mastitis as elevated levels of temperature and heart rates of group D and E indicated obvious response.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Vaccines/administration & dosage; Bacterial Vaccines/immunology*
  8. Clinico-pathology and hemato-biochemistry responses in buffaloes infected with Pasteurella multocida type B:2 immunogen outer membrane protein
    Chung ELT, Abdullah FFJ, Marza AD, Saleh WMM, Ibrahim HH, Abba Y, et al.
    Microb Pathog, 2017 Jan;102:89-101.
    PMID: 27894962 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.11.015
    The aim of this study was to investigate the clinico-pathology and haemato-biochemistry alterations in buffaloes inoculated with Pasteurella multocida type B:2 immunogen outer membrane protein via subcutaneous and oral routes. Nine buffalo heifers were divided equally into 3 treatment groups. Group 1 was inoculated orally with 10 mL of phosphate buffer saline (PBS); Group 2 and 3 were inoculated with 10 mL of outer membrane protein broth subcutaneously and orally respectively. Group 2 buffaloes showed typical haemorrhagic septicaemia clinical signs and were only able to survive for 72 h of the experiment. However, Group 3 buffaloes were able to survive throughout the stipulated time of 21 days of experiment. There were significant differences (p  0.05) in edema between groups except for the lung. This study was a proof that oral route infection of Pasteurella multocida type B:2 immunogen outer membrane protein can be used to stimulate host cell.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Vaccines/immunology
  9. Fulltext Cloning, expression and protective capacity of 37 kDa outer membrane protein gene (ompH) of Pasteurella multocida serotype B:2
    Tan HY, Nagoor NH, Sekaran SD
    Trop Biomed, 2010 Dec;27(3):430-41.
    PMID: 21399583 MyJurnal
    The major outer membrane protein (OmpH) of 4 local Malaysian strains of Pasteurella multocida serotype B:2 were characterized in comparison to ATCC strains. Three major peptide bands of MW 26, 32 and 37 kDa were characterized using SDSPAGE. Two of these fragments, the 32 kDa and 37 kDa were observed to be more reactive with a mouse polyclonal antiserum in all of the local isolates as well as the ATCC strains in a Western blot. However, the 32 kDa fragment was found to cross react with other Gram negative bacteria. Therefore, the 37 kDa OmpH was selected as vaccine candidate. The 37 kDa ompH gene of the isolated strain 1710 was cloned into an Escherichia coli expression vector to produce large amounts of recombinant OmpH (rOmpH). The 37 kDa ompH gene of strain 1710 was sequenced. In comparison to a reference strain X-73 of the ompH of P. multocida, 39bp was found deleted in the 37 kDa ompH gene. However, the deletion did not shift the reading frame or change the amino acid sequence. The rOmpH was used in a mice protection study. Mice immunized and challenged intraperitoneally resulted 100% protection against P. multocida whilst mice immunized subcutaneously and challenged intraperitoneally only resulted 80% protection. The rOmpH is therefore a suitable candidate for vaccination field studies. The same rOmpH was also used to develop a potential diagnostic kit in an ELISA format.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Vaccines/administration & dosage; Bacterial Vaccines/immunology*
  10. Fulltext Construction of Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium ghosts isolated from retail chicken meat
    Thung, T. Y., Chin, Y. Z., Najwa, M. S., Ubong, A., New, C. Y., Ramzi, O. S. B., et al.
    International Food Research Journal, 2017;24(4):1826-1830.
    MyJurnal
    Salmonellosis is an important public health problem and causes large economic losses in the poultry industry. The emergence of molecular technology has opened various possibilities for constructing tailor-made proteins, particularly protein E from bacteriophage PhiX174 for the
    production of bacterial ghosts (BGs) applied in vaccines purposes. In the present study, the plamdaPRcI-Elysis plasmid carrying the PhiX174 lysis gene E and thermo-sensitive lamda PR-cl857 regulatory system was constructed. Two Salmonella Enteritidis (SE-2 and SE- 4) and one Salmonella Typhimurium (ST-4) isolates were able to uptake the lysis plasmid via electrotransformation. Generation of ghosts was enhanced by increasing the incubation temperature up to 42˚C. Cell viability of SE-2, SE-4 and ST-4 decreased ranging in log 2.7 to log 4.1 cycles after lysis induction. Moreover, SE-2 and SE-4 exhibited the earliest reduction of CFU after 3 h of incubation. Our results may provide a promising avenue for the development of Salmonella BGs vaccines.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Vaccines
  11. Fulltext Delineating the Plausible Molecular Vaccine Candidates and Drug Targets of Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii
    Mujawar S, Mishra R, Pawar S, Gatherer D, Lahiri C
    Front Cell Infect Microbiol, 2019;9:203.
    PMID: 31281799 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00203
    Nosocomial infections have become alarming with the increase of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains of Acinetobacter baumannii. Being the causative agent in ~80% of the cases, these pathogenic gram-negative species could be deadly for hospitalized patients, especially in intensive care units utilizing ventilators, urinary catheters, and nasogastric tubes. Primarily infecting an immuno-compromised system, they are resistant to most antibiotics and are the root cause of various types of opportunistic infections including but not limited to septicemia, endocarditis, meningitis, pneumonia, skin, and wound sepsis and even urinary tract infections. Conventional experimental methods including typing, computational methods encompassing comparative genomics, and combined methods of reverse vaccinology and proteomics had been proposed to differentiate and develop vaccines and/or drugs for several outbreak strains. However, identifying proteins suitable enough to be posed as drug targets and/or molecular vaccines against the multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacterial strains has probably remained an open issue to address. In these cases of novel protein identification, the targets either are uncharacterized or have been unable to confer the most coveted protection either in the form of molecular vaccine candidates or as drug targets. Here, we report a strategic approach with the 3,766 proteins from the whole genome of A. baumannii ATCC19606 (AB) to rationally identify plausible candidates and propose them as future molecular vaccine candidates and/or drug targets. Essentially, we started with mapping the vaccine candidates (VaC) and virulence factors (ViF) of A. baumannii strain AYE onto strain ATCC19606 to identify them in the latter. We move on to build small networks of VaC and ViF to conceptualize their position in the network space of the whole genomic protein interactome (GPIN) and rationalize their candidature for drugs and/or molecular vaccines. To this end, we propose new sets of known proteins unearthed from interactome built using key factors, KeF, potent enough to compete with VaC and ViF. Our method is the first of its kind to propose, albeit theoretically, a rational approach to identify crucial proteins and pose them for candidates of vaccines and/or drugs effective enough to combat the deadly pathogenic threats of A. baumannii.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Vaccines/therapeutic use*
  12. Designing and evaluation of an antibody-targeted chimeric recombinant vaccine encoding Shigella flexneri outer membrane antigens
    Kazi A, Hisyam Ismail CMK, Anthony AA, Chuah C, Leow CH, Lim BH, et al.
    Infect Genet Evol, 2020 06;80:104176.
    PMID: 31923724 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104176
    Shigellosis is one of the most common diseases found in the developing countries, especially those countries that are prone flood. The causative agent for this disease is the Shigella species. This organism is one of the third most common enteropathogens responsible for childhood diarrhea. Since Shigella can survive gastric acidity and is an intracellular pathogen, it becomes difficult to treat. Also, uncontrolled use of antibiotics has led to development of resistant strains which poses a threat to public health. Therefore, there is a need for long term control of Shigella infection which can be achieved by designing a proper and effective vaccine. In this study, emphasis was made on designing a candidate that could elicit both B-cell and T-cell immune response. Hence B- and T-cell epitopes of outer membrane channel protein (OM) and putative lipoprotein (PL) from S. flexneri 2a were computationally predicted using immunoinformatics approach and a chimeric construct (chimeric-OP) containing the immunogenic epitopes selected from OM and PL was designed, cloned and expressed in E. coli system. The immunogenicity of the recombinant chimeric-OP was assessed using Shigella antigen infected rabbit antibody. The result showed that the chimeric-OP was a synthetic peptide candidate suitable for the development of vaccine and immunodiagnostics against Shigella infection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Vaccines/immunology*
  13. Development and efficacy of feed-based recombinant vaccine encoding the cell wall surface anchor family protein of Streptococcus agalactiae against streptococcosis in Oreochromis sp
    Nur-Nazifah M, Sabri MY, Siti-Zahrah A
    Fish Shellfish Immunol, 2014 Mar;37(1):193-200.
    PMID: 24486904 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.01.011
    This study was carried out to determine the antibody responses and protective capacity of an inactivated recombinant vaccine expressing the cell wall surface anchor family protein of Streptococcus agalactiae following oral vaccination against streptococcosis in tilapia. Tilapia were vaccinated orally with 10(6) CFU/mL of the recombinant vaccine incorporated in feed (feed-based recombinant vaccine) (vaccinated group or Group 1), 10(6) CFU/mL of pET-32 Ek/LIC vector without cell wall surface anchor family protein (control group or Group 2), 10(6) CFU/mL of formalin-killed cells of S. agalactiae vaccine incorporated in feed was also prepared (feed-based vaccine) (vaccinated group or Group 3), and unvaccinated control group or Group 4 (fed with commercial pellets). During the course of study, serum, mucus and gut lavage fluid were collected to evaluate the antibody levels via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that tilapia immunized with the feed-based recombinant vaccine developed a strong and significantly (P 
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Vaccines*
  14. Does the Development of Vaccines Advance Solutions for Tuberculosis?
    AlMatar M, Makky EA, AlMandeal H, Eker E, Kayar B, Var I, et al.
    Curr Mol Pharmacol, 2019;12(2):83-104.
    PMID: 30474542 DOI: 10.2174/1874467212666181126151948
    BACKGROUND: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is considered as one of the most efficacious human pathogens. The global mortality rate of TB stands at approximately 2 million, while about 8 to 10 million active new cases are documented yearly. It is, therefore, a priority to develop vaccines that will prevent active TB. The vaccines currently used for the management of TB can only proffer a certain level of protection against meningitis, TB, and other forms of disseminated TB in children; however, their effectiveness against pulmonary TB varies and cannot provide life-long protective immunity. Based on these reasons, more efforts are channeled towards the development of new TB vaccines. During the development of TB vaccines, a major challenge has always been the lack of diversity in both the antigens contained in TB vaccines and the immune responses of the TB sufferers. Current efforts are channeled on widening both the range of antigens selection and the range of immune response elicited by the vaccines. The past two decades witnessed a significant progress in the development of TB vaccines; some of the discovered TB vaccines have recently even completed the third phase (phase III) of a clinical trial.

    OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this article are to discuss the recent progress in the development of new vaccines against TB; to provide an insight on the mechanism of vaccine-mediated specific immune response stimulation, and to debate on the interaction between vaccines and global interventions to end TB.

    Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Vaccines/immunology*
  15. Efficacy of an inactivated recombinant vaccine encoding a fimbrial protein of Pasteurella multocida B:2 against hemorrhagic septicemia in goats
    Mohd Yasin IS, Mohd Yusoff S, Mohd ZS, Abd Wahid Mohd E
    Trop Anim Health Prod, 2011 Jan;43(1):179-87.
    PMID: 20697957 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-010-9672-5
    This study was carried out to determine the antibody responses and protective capacity of an inactivated recombinant vaccine expressing the fimbrial protein of Pasteurella multocida B:2 following intranasal vaccination against hemorrhagic septicemia in goats. Goats were vaccinated intranasal with 10(6) CFU/mL of the recombinant vaccine (vaccinated group) and 10(6) CFU/mL of pET32/LIC vector without fimbrial protein (control group). All three groups were kept separated before all goats in the three groups were challenged with 10(9) CFU/mL of live pathogenic P. multocida B:2. During the course of study, both serum and lung lavage fluid were collected to evaluate the antibody levels via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. It was found that goats immunized with the inactivated recombinant vaccine developed a strong and significantly (p 
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Vaccines/pharmacology*; Bacterial Vaccines/therapeutic use
  16. Efficacy of intranasal vaccination of field buffaloes against haemorrhagic septicaemia with a live gdhA derivative Pasteurella multocida B:2
    Rafidah O, Zamri-Saad M, Shahirudin S, Nasip E
    Vet Rec, 2012 Aug 18;171(7):175.
    PMID: 22815208 DOI: 10.1136/vr.100403
    The efficacy of an intranasal haemorrhagic septicaemia vaccine containing live gdhA derivative Pasteurella multocida B:2 was tested in buffaloes in Sabah. Sixty buffaloes, kept grazing in the field with minimal human intervention were devided into three groups of 20 buffaloes per group. Buffaloes of group 1 were exposed intranasal to 5 ml vaccine containing 10(6) CFU/ml of live gdhA derivative P multocida B:2. Buffaloes of group 2 were not exposed to the vaccine but exposed to PBS and were allowed to commingle and graze in the same field as the buffaloes of group 1 while buffaloes of group 3 were similarly exposed to PBS and were grazing separately. Booster was on group 1, two weeks later. Twelve months after the first vaccination, three buffaloes from each group were brought into the experimental house and challenged subcutaneously with 10(9) CFU/ml of live wild-type P multocida B:2. All challenged buffaloes of groups 1 and 2 survived with only mild, transient signs while all control unvaccinated buffaloes developed severe signs of haemorrhagic septicaemia and were euthanased between 28 hours and 38 hours postchallenge with signs and lesions typical of haemorrhagic septicaemia. These data showed that the gdhA mutant strain, given intranasally as two doses two weeks apart, successfully induced systemic immunity in exposed buffaloes and also led to spread of vaccine strain to the in-contact animals, where it acted as an effective live vaccine to protect both exposed buffaloes and in-contact buffaloes against challenge with the virulent parent strain.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Vaccines/administration & dosage*
  17. Efficacy of spray administration of formalin-killed Streptococcus agalactiae in hybrid Red Tilapia
    Noraini O, Sabri MY, Siti-Zahrah A
    J Aquat Anim Health, 2013 Jun;25(2):142-8.
    PMID: 23724958 DOI: 10.1080/08997659.2013.781553
    An initial evaluation of spray vaccination was carried out with 60 hybrid Red Tilapia Oreochromis spp., divided into three groups that consisted of 10 fish per group with duplicates. The formalin-killed cells (FKCs) of Streptococcus agalactiae were administered once to group 1 by spray and once daily for five consecutive days to group 2. Group 3 remained as the untreated control group and was sprayed with normal saline. A booster was given twice to all the groups, once at the second week and again at the fourth week after the first vaccination. After this initial evaluation, a challenge study was conducted with 40 tilapia divided into two groups that consisted of 10 fish per group with duplicates. Group 1 was vaccinated with FKCs of S. agalactiae by a single spray administration while group 2 remained as the untreated control group. A booster was given twice using the same protocol as in the initial evaluation. After 6 weeks, fish from one of the duplicate tanks from each of groups 1 and 2 were challenged with pathogenic S. agalactiae by intraperitoneal (IP) injection, while fish in another tank were challenged through immersion. Based on the observations, serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the challenged fish than in the either the preexposed fish or the control group 1 week after the initial exposure. However, no significant differences (P > 0.05) were noted between challenged groups 1 and 2. In addition, no significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed between the frequencies of exposure. The mucus IgM level, however, remained high after each booster until the end of the 8-week study period. Meanwhile, serum IgM levels decreased after the challenge. A higher percentage of survival was noted for fish challenged through immersion (80%) compared with IP injection (70%). These results suggested that single spray exposure was able to induce IgM, which gave moderate to high protection during the challenge study.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Vaccines/administration & dosage; Bacterial Vaccines/immunology*
  18. Epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in Malaysia
    Rohani MY, Raudzah A, Ng AJ, Ng PP, Zaidatul AA, Asmah I, et al.
    Epidemiol Infect, 1999 Feb;122(1):77-82.
    PMID: 10098788
    During a 1-year period from October 1995 to September 1996, 273 isolations of Streptococcus pneumoniae were made from various types of clinical specimens. The majority of the isolates (39.2%) were from sputum whilst 27.5% were from blood, CSF and other body fluids. The organism was isolated from patients of all age groups, 31.1% from children aged 10 years and below, 64.7% of which come from children aged 2 years or below. The majority of the isolates belong to serotypes 1, 6B, 19B, 19F and 23F. Serotypes 1 and 19B were the most common serotypes associated with invasive infection. About 71.9% of the invasive infections were due to serotypes included in the available 23 valent polysaccharide vaccine. The rates of resistance to penicillin and erythromycin were 7.0 and 1.1% respectively. Our findings show that the serotypes of S. pneumoniae causing most invasive infections in Malaysia are similar to those in other parts of the world and the available vaccine may have a useful role in this population.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Vaccines
  19. Evaluation of bovine antibody responses to haemorrhagic septicaemia vaccine
    Johnson RB, Dawkins HJ, Spencer TL, Saharee AA, Bahaman AR, Ramdani, et al.
    Res Vet Sci, 1989 Sep;47(2):277-9.
    PMID: 2508206
    ELISA and immunoblotting techniques were used to examine the humoral immune response to Pasteurella multocida, in bovine sera from Indonesia and Malaysia. Elevated levels of antibody to a crude lipopolysaccharide preparation were found in vaccinated animals. In addition to the response to lipopolysaccharide, antibodies from the vaccinated cattle strongly labelled five to six of the 40 protein bands in this organism.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Vaccines/immunology*
  20. Evaluation of combined Pasteurella vaccines in control of sheep pneumonia
    Chandrasekaran S, Hizat K, Saad Z, Johara MY, Yeap PC
    Br. Vet. J., 1991 Sep-Oct;147(5):437-43.
    PMID: 1959015
    The effectiveness of an oil adjuvant vaccine (OAV) incorporating locally isolated strains of Pasteurella haemolytica type 7 and Pasteurella multocida types A and D was compared with that of Carovax (Wellcome Laboratories) in imported cross-bred lambs. The criterion of efficacy was the ability of the vaccines to reduce the extent of pneumonic lesions in vaccinated as against unvaccinated control lambs. The OAV produced at this Institute significantly reduced the lung lesions at P less than 0.05 level compared with its control group when challenged with P. haemolytica alone. However, the vaccine was unsatisfactory against P. multocida or combined P. multocida P. haemolytica challenge. Carovax did not produce any significant reduction in the lung lesions caused by P. haemolytica and/or P. multocida.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Vaccines*
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