MyMedR

Fulltext Ruptured Aortic Aneurysm Secondary to Psoas abscess after Intravesical Bacilli Calmette-Guérin

Khandelwal A, Gupta A, Virmani V, Khandelwal K

Med J Malaysia, 2012 Oct;67(5):534-5.

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is a live attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis that has been used as effective treatment for early-stage transitional carcinoma of the urinary bladder. We present a case of a 68 year old man who had an abdominal aortic aneurysm following BCG therapy for bladder cancer. Contrast enhanced computerized tomogram (CECT) of abdomen and pelvis revealed bilateral hypodense lesions suggestive of psoas abscesses. In addition, a saccular abdominal aortic aneurysm measuring 4x3.6 cm involving infrarenal aorta with surrounding hematoma was seen. At surgery, he was found to have a psoas abscess and hemorrhage. He underwent ligation of the aorta and an axillary-bifemoral bypass. He was given one year of anti-tubercular therapy to which he responded clinically.

Matched MeSH terms: BCG Vaccine

B.C.G. vaccination in Sabah

Roy RN

Bull Int Union Tuberc, 1972 Aug;47 Suppl 2:162-4.

PMID: 4145661

Matched MeSH terms: BCG Vaccine*

Fulltext Measles infection causing Bacillus Calmette-Guérin reactivation: a case report

Muthuvelu S, Lim KS, Huang LY, Chin ST, Mohan A

BMC Pediatr, 2019 07 24;19(1):251.

PMID: 31340782 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1635-z

BACKGROUND: Reactivation of the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), manifesting as erythema, induration, ulceration or crust formation at a previous BCG inoculation site, is a common and highly specific feature of Kawasaki disease (KD). We report the unusual finding of BCG reactivation in an infant with laboratory-confirmed measles.

CASE PRESENTATION: A previously healthy 7-month old infant presented initially with fever, cough and coryza, and subsequently developed Koplik's spots followed by a typical morbilliform skin rash. There was significant contact history with a household relative who had recently been diagnosed with measles. On examination, a 2.5 cm area of erythema and induration was seen at the previous BCG inoculation site, in addition to the widespread maculopapular rash. No other clinical features of KD were present. Measles virus was isolated from the throat swab and measles antibodies (IgM) were present in the serum. The patient recovered completely with oral vitamin A and supportive therapy, and had normal echocardiography examination on follow up.

CONCLUSIONS: This case report highlights the rare finding of BCG reactivation in a child with confirmed measles infection, and suggests that this clinical manifestation may occasionally occur in children with infections or conditions other than KD.

Matched MeSH terms: BCG Vaccine/immunology*

TUBERCULOSIS IN MALAYA

SODHY JS

Med J Malaysia, 1964 Jun;18:239-50.

PMID: 14199442

Matched MeSH terms: BCG Vaccine*

Fulltext Successful treatment of anogenital warts with single dose Bacillus Calmette Guerin vaccine without prior sensitization in tuberculosis endemic country: Two case report

Achdiat PA, Suwarsa O, Hidayat YM, Shafiee MN, Dwiyana RF, Gunawan H, et al.

Hum Vaccin Immunother, 2023 Dec 31;19(1):2187591.

PMID: 36942667 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2187591

Anogenital Warts (AGWs) are benign proliferations caused by Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection on the genital or anal areas. Various therapeutic options are available for the treatment of AGWs but there is no best or ideal therapy, and the recurrence of AGWs is significantly high. A promising new therapy that is currently being evaluated is immunotherapy with the intralesional Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine. Two cases of a 23-year-old woman and a 41-year-old man were presented with manifestations of condyloma acuminata type AGWs. The patients were immunocompetent and received single dose intralesional BCG vaccine on the largest lesion. Clinical improvements of AGWs lesions were noted starting on the 14th day after receiving therapy by the disappearance of some lesions with no recurrence and side effects. Intralesional BCG vaccine activates the immune system, treats other AGWs lesions that do not receive an intralesional injection, and also prevents recurrence. Although the intralesional BCG vaccine is effective for treating AGWs, further evaluation is still needed for its recurrence.

Matched MeSH terms: BCG Vaccine/therapeutic use

The effect of early BCG and smallpox immunization on serum bilirubin levels in the newborn

Sinniah D, Nagalingam I, Chua CP, Khoo KP, Dugdale AE

Clin Pediatr (Phila), 1974 Sep;13(9):765-6.

PMID: 4429633 DOI: 10.1177/000992287401300913

Matched MeSH terms: BCG Vaccine*

Fulltext Bacillus Calmette-Guerin and bladder cancer

Razack AH

Asian J Surg, 2007 Oct;30(4):302-9.

PMID: 17962138 DOI: 10.1016/S1015-9584(08)60045-7

Bladder cancer is the second most common cancer of the urinary tract, and overall it is among the top 10 cancers in men. Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is the most common type, with the majority being superficial disease, i.e. the tumour has not gone beyond the lamina propria. The main problem with superficial TCC is the high recurrence rate. Various forms of treatment methods have been attempted to reduce the recurrence rate, with intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) being the most successful to date. In fact, intravesical BCG is one of the most successful forms of immunotherapy in the treatment of any form of cancer. This article is a general review of BCG in bladder cancer with an emphasis on the indication and mechanism of action in reducing recurrence and progression.

Matched MeSH terms: BCG Vaccine/administration & dosage; BCG Vaccine/pharmacology; BCG Vaccine/therapeutic use*

Approaches towards the development of a vaccine against tuberculosis: recombinant BCG and DNA vaccine

Mohd Nor N, Musa M

Tuberculosis (Edinb), 2004;84(1-2):102-9.

PMID: 14670351 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2003.08.011

The last few years have witnessed intense research on vaccine development against tuberculosis. This has been driven by the upsurge of tuberculosis cases globally, especially those caused by multi-drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. Various vaccine strategies are currently being developed which can be broadly divided into the so-called living and non-living vaccines. Examples are attenuated members of the M. tuberculosis complex, recombinant mycobacteria, subunit proteins and DNA vaccines. Given current developments, we anticipate that recombinant BCG and DNA vaccines are the most promising. Multiple epitopes of M. tuberculosis may need to be cloned in a vaccine construct for the desired efficacy to be achieved. The technique of assembly polymerase chain reaction could facilitate such a cloning procedure.

Matched MeSH terms: BCG Vaccine

Fulltext A training module to empower marginalised Northern Borneo islanders for tuberculosis control

Jeffree MS, Ahmedy F, Ibrahim MY, Awang Lukman K, Ahmed K, Giloi N, et al.

J Public Health Res, 2020 Jul 28;9(3):1757.

PMID: 33117755 DOI: 10.4081/jphr.2020.1757

Empowering marginalised urban islanders with limited health accessibility through knowledge transfer program for controlling pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) requires a specific training module. The study was aimed to develop this training module by adapting and modifying the IMCI (Integrated Management of Childhood Illness) framework. Structuring the content for the knowledge and skills for PTB control in the module was based on the National Strategic Plan for Tuberculosis Control 2016-2020. A total of five knowledge and skills were structured: i) PTB disease and diagnosis, ii) PTB treatment, iii) preventive PTB measures, iv) prevention of malnutrition, and v) psychosocial discrimination. The IMCI framework was modified through 3 ways: i) identifying signs and symptoms of PTB, ii) emphasising the IMCI's 5 steps of integrated management: assess, diagnose, treat, counsel and detect, and iii) counseling on BCG immunisation, malnutrition, environmental modifications and stigma on PTB.

Matched MeSH terms: BCG Vaccine

Proceedings: Tuberculosis in the Western Pacific Region: Malaysia

Sodhy JS

Bull Int Union Tuberc, 1974 Aug;49 suppl 1:28-9.

PMID: 4468023

Matched MeSH terms: BCG Vaccine

Fulltext BCG adenitis - Need for increased awareness

Govindarajan KK, Chai FY

Malays J Med Sci, 2011 Apr;18(2):66-9.

PMID: 22135589

Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination for protection against tuberculosis has been in use for long. Although the vaccine is safe, its administration can result in complications such as BCG adenitis. We report here a series of children with BCG adenitis with a view to recognise and manage this condition. It is hoped that this case series would encourage the increased identification of this condition.
Study site: Paediatric Surgical Unit, Department of Surgery, Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: BCG Vaccine

Fulltext An evaluation of the tuberculosis control programme of Selangor State, Malaysia for the year 2001

Venugopalan B

Med J Malaysia, 2004 Mar;59(1):20-5.

PMID: 15535331 MyJurnal

In the year 2001, 1459 Tuberculosis (TB) cases (43.1/100,000 population) were notified in Selangor. The highest age specific incidence rate was among those aged above 60 years and foreigners accounted for 15% of the cases notified. Fifteen percent of the TB cases were treated in the private sector where treatment efficacy and compliance could not be evaluated. Co- infection of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection with TB accounted for 51% of the TB deaths notified. Screening programmes in prisons and drug rehabilitation centres had detected 11.7% of HIV/TB coinfection among HIV positive inmates screened in these institutions.

Matched MeSH terms: BCG Vaccine/administration & dosage

Fulltext Vaccines for TB: Lessons from the Past Translating into Future Potentials

Tye GJ, Lew MH, Choong YS, Lim TS, Sarmiento ME, Acosta A, et al.

J Immunol Res, 2015;2015:916780.

PMID: 26146643 DOI: 10.1155/2015/916780

Development of vaccines for infectious diseases has come a long way with recent advancements in adjuvant developments and discovery of new antigens that are capable of eliciting strong immunological responses for sterile eradication of disease. Tuberculosis (TB) that kills nearly 2 million of the population every year is also one of the highlights of the recent developments. The availability or not of diagnostic methods for infection has implications for the control of the disease by the health systems but is not related to the immune surveillance, a phenomenon derived from the interaction between the bacteria and their host. Here, we will review the immunology of TB and current vaccine candidates for TB. Current strategies of developing new vaccines against TB will also be reviewed in order to further discuss new insights into immunotherapeutic approaches involving adjuvant and antigens combinations that might be of potential for the control of TB.

Matched MeSH terms: BCG Vaccine/immunology

Fulltext Risk of tuberculosis to healthcare workers

Liam CK

Med J Malaysia, 2001 Mar;56(1):107-11; quiz 112.

PMID: 11503290

Matched MeSH terms: BCG Vaccine/immunology

Fulltext Tuberculin reactivity and subsequent development of tuberculosis in a cohort of student nurses

Jeyakumar D

Med J Malaysia, 1999 Dec;54(4):492-5.

PMID: 11072468

This retrospective study documents a strong correlation between tuberculin reactivity and the subsequent development of active tuberculosis in student nurses. 12% of the 25 student nurses with tuberculin reactions above 20 mm developed tuberculosis over a period of 2 years, compared to only 0.3% of the 341 student nurses with reactions of 20 mm or less. The implications of these findings for preventive therapy are discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: BCG Vaccine/therapeutic use

Fulltext An outbreak of BCG related lymphadenitis in Malaysian infants

Hooi LN, Athiyah SO

Med J Malaysia, 1994 Dec;49(4):327-35.

PMID: 7674967

A study was done on 638 infants with BCG related lymphadenitis seen between August 1990 and December 1993. Most infants (86.5%) had developed symptoms by six months after vaccination and the nodes became suppurative in 317. Surgical procedures were carried out in 82 cases and the rest were managed conservatively. The mean duration to resolution was 6.6 months (range 1 to 29 months). This outbreak was related to a change from the Japan to the Pasteur strain of BCG. The incidence remained high ( > 15 per 1000 live births) despite a dose reduction from 0.1 ml to 0.05 ml, but declined when the Japan strain was reintroduced in April 1992.
Study site: Chest Clinic, Hospital Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: BCG Vaccine/adverse effects*

The early immunisation of infants in Malaysia

Chen ST, Choong MM

Med J Malaya, 1971 Sep;26(1):15-9.

PMID: 4258569

Matched MeSH terms: BCG Vaccine*

Priorities in tuberculosis control measures in developing countries

Sodhy JS

Med J Malaysia, 1963 Sep;18:38-41.

PMID: 14064295

Matched MeSH terms: BCG Vaccine*

COMPARATIVE TUBERCULIN TESTING IN MALAYA

CHIN J

Tubercle, 1964 Jun;45:114-24.

PMID: 14161910

Matched MeSH terms: BCG Vaccine*

Fulltext BCG programme in the Republic of Singapore

Chew CH, Hu PY

Singapore Med J, 1974 Dec;15(4):241-5.

PMID: 4549136

Mass BCG Vaccination is an effective and an inexpensive method of tuberculosis control. In Singapore, a nation wide BCG Vaccination programme was implemented in 1957, and from 1957 to 1972, i.e. a 16 year period, over 1 million vaccinations had been performed: 680,098 for infants, 512,797 for school students, 49,417 for contacts of tuberculosis patients and 7,775 for other special groups. The coverage of newborn infants has been over 90% from 1967 to 1972. In 1972, it was estimated that 90% of primary school children and 75% of secondary school students have been covered with BCG vaccinations. Although no controlled studies have been done in Singapore, it is observed from our analysis that the BCG programme has contributed in no small measure to the decline in tuberculosis incidence and mortality rates. Thus for 1972, the tuberculosis incidence rates per 100,000 were 5 for the BCG vaccinated group and 37 for the non-vaccinated group of primary school students, and 34 and 127 for the corresponding groups of secondary school students. In 1956, the death rate per 100,000 of respiratory tuberculosis was 4 and that of non-respiratory tuberculosis was 23 for children aged 4 and below, and the corresponding rates were 0.5 and 6.7 for those aged 5 to 9, and 0.8 and 3.7 for the group aged 10 to 14. In 1971 there were no tuberculosis deaths in children under 10 years of age, and the death rates for the age group 10-14 were 0.3 per 100,000 for either form of 241 tuberculosis.

Matched MeSH terms: BCG Vaccine*

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