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Effect of palm oil carotene on breast cancer tumorigenicity in nude mice

Nesaretnam K, Radhakrishnan A, Selvaduray KR, Reimann K, Pailoor J, Razak G, et al.

Lipids, 2002 Jun;37(6):557-60.
PMID: 12120953

Biological therapies are new additions to breast cancer treatment. Among biological compounds, beta-carotene has been reported to have immune modulatory effects, in particular, enhancement of natural killer cell activity and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production by macrophages. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of palm carotene supplementation on the tumorigenicity of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells injected into athymic nude mice and to explore the mechanism by which palm carotenes suppress tumorigenesis. Forty-eight 4-wk-old mice were injected with 1 x 10(6) MCF-7 cells into their mammary fat pad. The experimental group was supplemented with palm carotene whereas the control group was not. Significant differences were observed in tumor incidence (P< 0.001) and tumor surface area and metastasis to lung (P< 0.005) between the two groups. Natural killer (NK) cells and B-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of carotene-supplemented mice were significantly increased (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively) compared with controls. These results suggest that palm oil carotene is able to modulate the immune system by increasing peripheral blood NK cells and B-lymphocytes and suppress the growth of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells.

Matched MeSH terms: beta Carotene/pharmacology*
Effect of type and concentration of antioxidant on sperm motility, viability, and DNA integrity of climbing perch Anabas testudineus Bloch, 1792 (Pisces: Anabantidae) post-cryopreservation

Maulida S, Eriani K, Fadli N, Siti-Azizah MN, Kocabas FK, Kocabas M, et al.

Cryobiology, 2024 Mar;114:104851.
PMID: 38237749 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2024.104851

Sperm quality is preserved through the crucial involvement of antioxidants, which play a vital role in minimizing the occurrence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during the cryopreservation process. The suitability of the type and concentration of antioxidants are species-dependent, and this study is crucial in order to improve the quality of the climbing perch sperm post-cryopreservation. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the best type and concentration of antioxidants for cryopreservation of climbing perch Anabas testudineus sperm. To achieve this, 6 types of antioxidants, namely, ascorbic acid, beta-carotene, glutathione, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), myo-inositol, and alpha-tocopherol, with inclusion of a control were tested in 3 replications at three concentration levels of 0 mg/L (control), 20 mg/L, 40 mg/L, and 60 mg/L. Sperm was diluted in a glucose-base extender at a ratio of 1:60 (sperm: glucose base), then 10 % DMSO and 5 % egg yolk was added before cryopreservation for two weeks. The results showed that the type and concentration of antioxidants had a significant effect on the motility and viability of cryopreserved climbing perch sperm (P beta-carotene, glutathione, myo-inositol, and alpha-tocopherol were obtained at a concentration of 60 mg/L, while BHT was at a concentration of 20 mg/L. The best results for glutathione, myo-inositol, and alpha-tocopherol were significantly different from other treatments, while the best results for ascorbic acid and beta-carotene (60 mg/L) were not significantly different from the 40 mg/L concentration, while the best results for BHT were not significantly different from the control treatments. Therefore, the best concentration of glutathione, myo-inositol, and alpha-tocopherol was 60 mg/L, while for ascorbic acid and beta-carotene it was 40 mg/L, and BHT was not recommended. DNA integrity analysis indicated the absence of fragmentation in all samples, including fresh, control, and treated sperm. Based on practical and economic considerations, myo-inositol at 60 mg/L was recommended for cryopreservation of climbing perch A. testudineus sperm.

Matched MeSH terms: beta Carotene/pharmacology
Fulltext Drug Development

Muthuraman A, Lim KG

Alzheimers Dement, 2024 Dec;20 Suppl 6(Suppl 6):e088448.
PMID: 39782647 DOI: 10.1002/alz.088448

BACKGROUND: Senile dementia (SD) is a deteriorative organic brain disorder and it comprises Alzheimer's disease (AD) as a major variant. SD is shown impairment of mental capacities whereas AD is degeneration of neurons. According to World Health Organization (WHO) report; more than 55 million peoples have dementia and it is raising 10 million new cases every year. Further, it is expected to rise to 78 million in 2030 and triple by 2050. The glucose oxidase (E.C. 1.1.3.4; GOD) is an oxidoreductase enzyme and it oxidizes the β-d-glucose to d-glucono-δ-lactone and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). In the neuronal system, GOD & H2O2 cause rapid fluctuations of glucose levels, insulin resistance, oxidative stress along with microglial activation and neurodegenerations. Besides, only a few medications were approved for the symptomatic relief of SD i.e., donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, and memantine. Moreover, the most efficient and potential agents are not discovered yet. Hence, the present study was designed to investigate the beta-carotene (BC) actions against the GOD-associated SD in diabetic rats.
METHOD: Male Sprague Dawley rats were used for the induction of diabetes by intraperitoneal injection of nicotinamide (50 mg/kg and streptozotocin 50 mg/kg), and SD was induced by intracisternal administration of GOD (50 U/5 µl at 1 µL/minute). The BC (50 and 100 mg/kg; p.o.) and donepezil (1 mg/kg; p.o.) were administered for 15 consecutive days. The cognitive function was assessed by the Morris water maze test and biomarkers i.e., blood glucose & insulin; serum nitric oxide (NO); tissue acetylcholinesterase (AChE), galectin-1 (G1), NADPH oxidase (NOX4) activity & glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) levels were evaluated.
RESULT: GOD potentially changes the neurovascular unit in the brain which leads to a rise the insulin resistance (IR), NO, G1, & GLUT1 levels; and decreases the NOX4 activity. The GOD causes the potential cognitive dysfunctions. However, the treatment of BC attenuated the GOD-associated cognitive dysfunction and biomarker changes.
CONCLUSION: The present results revealed that BC possesses the ameliorative potential against GOD-induced neurotoxicity and SD due to its anti-oxidative, anti-cholinesterase, reduction of IR, prevention of microglial activation, and enhancement of the glucose update actions.

Matched MeSH terms: beta Carotene/pharmacology
Fulltext Attrition of Hepatic Damage Inflicted by Angiotensin II with α-Tocopherol and β-Carotene in Experimental Apolipoprotein E Knock-out Mice

Gopal K, Gowtham M, Sachin S, Ravishankar Ram M, Shankar EM, Kamarul T

Sci Rep, 2015 Dec 16;5:18300.
PMID: 26670291 DOI: 10.1038/srep18300

Angiotensin II is one of the key regulatory peptides implicated in the pathogenesis of liver disease. The mechanisms underlying the salubrious role of α-tocopherol and β-carotene on liver pathology have not been comprehensively assessed. Here, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the role of Angiotensin II on hepatic damage and if α-tocopherol and β-carotene supplementation attenuates hepatic damage. Hepatic damage was induced in Apoe(-/-)mice by infusion of Angiotensin II followed by oral administration with α-tocopherol and β-carotene-enriched diet for 60 days. Investigations showed fibrosis, kupffer cell hyperplasia, hepatocyte degeneration and hepatic cell apoptosis; sinusoidal dilatation along with haemorrhages; evidence of fluid accumulation; increased ROS level and increased AST and ALT activities. In addition, tPA and uPA were down-regulated due to 42-fold up-regulation of PAI-1. MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-12, and M-CSF were down-regulated in Angiotensin II-treated animals. Notably, α-tocopherol and β-carotene treatment controlled ROS, fibrosis, hepatocyte degeneration, kupffer cell hyperplasia, hepatocyte apoptosis, sinusoidal dilatation and fluid accumulation in the liver sinusoids, and liver enzyme levels. In addition, PAI-1, tPA and uPA expressions were markedly controlled by β-carotene treatment. Thus, Angiotensin II markedly influenced hepatic damage possibly by restraining fibrinolytic system. We concluded that α-tocopherol and β-carotene treatment has salubrious role in repairing hepatic pathology.

Matched MeSH terms: beta Carotene/pharmacology*
Characterization of phenolic compounds, carotenoids, vitamins and antioxidant activities of selected Malaysian wild edible plants

Wong JY, Matanjun P, Ooi YB, Chia KF

Int J Food Sci Nutr, 2013 Aug;64(5):621-31.
PMID: 23368987 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2013.763910

This study was carried out to characterize phenolic compounds, carotenoids, vitamins and the antioxidant activity of selected wild edible plants. Plant extracts were purified, and phenolic compounds comprising 11 phenolic acids (hydroxybenzoic acid and hydrocinnamic acid) and 33 flavonoids (including catechin, glycosides and aglycones) were analysed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography - Diode Array Detector (HPLC-DAD). Furthermore, the contents of ascorbic acid and tocopherol ((α and γ tocopherol) and carotenoids (lutein and β-carotene) were also determined. The major phenolics identified consisted of glycosides of flavones (apigenin and luteolin) and flavonols (kaempferol and quercetin). Among the phenolic acids identified after hydrolysis, coumaric acid was the predominant phenolic acid in all the extracts of wild plants. Ascorbic acid [53.8 mg/100 g fresh weight (FW)] and β-carotene (656.5 mg/100 g FW) showed the highest content in the leaf of Heckeria umbellatum. In conclusion, the leaves of H. umbellatum, Aniseia martinicensis and Gonostegia hirta have excellent potential in the future to emerge as functional ingredients.

Matched MeSH terms: beta Carotene/pharmacology
Methotrexate and beta-carotene loaded-lipid polymer hybrid nanoparticles: a preclinical study for breast cancer

Jain A, Sharma G, Kushwah V, Garg NK, Kesharwani P, Ghoshal G, et al.

Nanomedicine (Lond), 2017 Aug;12(15):1851-1872.
PMID: 28703643 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0011

AIM: This work was intended to investigate the targeting potential of fructose-tethered lipid-polymeric hybrid nanoparticles (F-BC-MTX-LPHNPs) co-loaded with beta carotene (BC) and methotrexate (MTX) in breast cancer therapeutics and find out the possible protective role of BC on MTX-induced toxicity.
MATERIALS & METHODS: F-BC-MTX-LPHNPs were fabricated using self-assembled nano-precipitation technique. Fructose was conjugated on the surface of the particles. The in vitro cytotoxicity, sub-cellular localization and apoptotic activity of F-BC-MTX-LPHNPs were evaluated against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The antitumor potential of F-BC-MTX-LPHNPs was further studied.
RESULTS & CONCLUSION: Outcomes suggested that F-BC-MTX-LPHNPs induced the highest apoptosis index (0.89) against MCF-7 cells. Following 30 days of treatment, the residual tumor progression was assessed to be approximately 32%, in animals treated with F-BC-MTX-LPHNPs. F-BC-MTX-LPHNPs are competent to selectively convey the chemotherapeutic agent to the breast cancers. Beta carotene ameliorated MTX-induced hepatic and renal toxicity.

Matched MeSH terms: beta Carotene/pharmacology*
High-fat diet- and angiotensin II-induced aneurysm concurrently elicits splenic hypertrophy

Gopal K, Nagarajan P, Shankar EM, Kamarul T, Kumar JM

Eur J Clin Invest, 2014 Dec;44(12):1169-76.
PMID: 25315426 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12351

Angiotensin II (Ang II) and high-fat diet are implicated in causing pathological changes in the vascular endothelium, brain, kidney and liver. The association of aneurysm leading to histopathological changes in the splenic compartment remains elusive. Further, the salubrious credentials of antioxidants, especially α-tocopherol and β-carotene in the resolution of splenic pathology have not been investigated.

Matched MeSH terms: beta Carotene/pharmacology
Nutritional values and bioactive components of under-utilised vegetables consumed by indigenous people in Malaysia

Abdul Wahab N, Ahdan R, Ahmad Aufa Z, Kong KW, Johar MH, Shariff Mohd Z, et al.

J Sci Food Agric, 2015 Oct;95(13):2704-11.
PMID: 25410129 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7006

Diverse plants species in the forest remain under-utilised and they are mainly consumed only by local people. However, increasing issues in food security prompted the present study, which explores the nutritional and antioxidant aspects of Malaysian under-utilised vegetables. The studied vegetables were Paku Nyai (Stenochlaena palustris), Cemperai (Champereia manillana), Maman Pasir (Cleome viscose), Dudung (Erechtites valerianifolia) and Semambuk (Ardisia pendula).

Matched MeSH terms: beta Carotene/pharmacology*