MyMedR

Religion and waste

Fatimah Mohamad Z, Idris N, Baharuddin A

Waste Manag, 2011 Sep-Oct;31(9-10):1905-6.

PMID: 21763121 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2011.06.013

Matched MeSH terms: Recycling/ethics*

Fulltext ISPOR Code of Ethics 2017 (4th Edition)

Santos J, Palumbo F, Molsen-David E, Willke RJ, Binder L, Drummond M, et al.

Value Health, 2017 12;20(10):1227-1242.

PMID: 29241881 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2017.10.018

As the leading health economics and outcomes research (HEOR) professional society, ISPOR has a responsibility to establish a uniform, harmonized international code for ethical conduct. ISPOR has updated its 2008 Code of Ethics to reflect the current research environment. This code addresses what is acceptable and unacceptable in research, from inception to the dissemination of its results. There are nine chapters: 1 - Introduction; 2 - Ethical Principles respect, beneficence and justice with reference to a non-exhaustive compilation of international, regional, and country-specific guidelines and standards; 3 - Scope HEOR definitions and how HEOR and the Code relate to other research fields; 4 - Research Design Considerations primary and secondary data related issues, e.g., participant recruitment, population and research setting, sample size/site selection, incentive/honorarium, administration databases, registration of retrospective observational studies and modeling studies; 5 - Data Considerations privacy and data protection, combining, verification and transparency of research data, scientific misconduct, etc.; 6 - Sponsorship and Relationships with Others (roles of researchers, sponsors, key opinion leaders and advisory board members, research participants and institutional review boards (IRBs) / independent ethics committees (IECs) approval and responsibilities); 7 - Patient Centricity and Patient Engagement new addition, with explanation and guidance; 8 - Publication and Dissemination; and 9 - Conclusion and Limitations.

Matched MeSH terms: Outcome Assessment (Health Care)/ethics*; Codes of Ethics*; Ethics, Research*

Role of contrast-enhanced spectral mammography in the post biopsy management of B3 lesions: Preliminary results

Bicchierai G, Nori J, De Benedetto D, Boeri C, Vanzi E, Bianchi S, et al.

Tumori, 2019 Oct;105(5):378-387.

PMID: 30558495 DOI: 10.1177/0300891618816212

PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) in the post biopsy management of breast lesions classified as lesions of uncertain malignant potential (B3) by core needle biopsy and vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB).

METHODS: The local ethics committee approved this retrospective study and for this type of study formal consent is not required. A total of 42 B3 lesions in 40 women aged 41-77 years were included in our study. All patients underwent CESM 2-3 weeks after the biopsy procedure and surgical excision was subsequently performed within 60 days of the CESM procedure. Three radiologists reviewed the images independently. The results were then compared with histologic findings.

RESULTS: The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for confirmed demonstration of malignancy at CESM were 33.3%, 87.2%, 16.7%, and 94.4% for reader 1; 66.7%, 76.9%, 18.2%, and 96.7% for reader 2; 66.7%, 74.4%, 16.7%, and 96.7% for reader 3. Overall agreement on detection of malignant lesions using CESM among readers ranged from moderate to substantial (κ = .451-.696), for categorization of BPE from moderate to substantial (κ = .562-.711), and for evaluation of lesion intensity enhancement from fair to moderate (κ = .346-.459).

CONCLUSION: In cases of Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) 1, BI-RADS 2, or BI-RADS 3 results at CESM, follow-up or VAB rather than surgical biopsy might be performed.

Matched MeSH terms: Ethics Committees

Fulltext Correction to: Effectiveness and sustainability of a structured group-based educational program (MEDIHEALTH) in improving medication adherence among Malay patients with underlying type 2 diabetes mellitus in Sarawak State of Malaysia: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial

Ting CY, Adruce SAZ, Hassali MA, Ting H, Lim CJ, Ting RS, et al.

Trials, 2019 05 10;20(1):267.

PMID: 31077233 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3348-x

After publication of the original article [1], the authors have notified us that there are changes to the primary outcome of the study, instrument, subject's inclusion criteria, the funding and acknowledgements. These changes were made during the recruitment of participants and after approved by the Medical Research and Ethics Committee (MREC), National Institutes of Health Malaysia, on 16th November 2018.

Matched MeSH terms: Ethics Committees, Research

Halal pharmaceutical industry: opportunities and challenges

Nor Norazmi M, Lim LS

Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 2015 Aug;36(8):496-7.

PMID: 26187623 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2015.06.006

The expanding global Muslim population has increased the demand for halal pharmaceuticals. However, there are several challenges for this emerging niche industry, foremost of which is the need to establish a proper, well-regulated, and harmonized accreditation and halal management system.

Matched MeSH terms: Certification/ethics; Drug Industry/ethics*

Fulltext Industry sponsored youth smoking prevention programme in Malaysia: a case study in duplicity

Assunta M, Chapman S

Tob Control, 2004 Dec;13 Suppl 2:ii37-42.

PMID: 15564218

OBJECTIVE: To review tobacco company strategies of using youth smoking prevention programmes to counteract the Malaysian government's tobacco control legislation and efforts in conducting research on youth to market to them.
METHODS: Systematic keyword and opportunistic website searches of formerly private internal industry documents. Search terms included Malay, cmtm, jaycees, YAS, and direct marketing; 195 relevant documents were identified for this paper.
RESULTS: Industry internal documents reveal that youth anti-smoking programmes were launched to offset the government's tobacco control legislation. The programme was seen as a strategy to lobby key politicians and bureaucrats for support in preventing the passage of legislation. However, the industry continued to conduct research on youth, targeted them in marketing, and considered the teenage market vital for its survival. Promotional activities targeting youth were also carried out such as sports, notably football and motor racing, and entertainment events and cash prizes. Small, affordable packs of cigarettes were crucial to reach new smokers.
CONCLUSION: The tobacco industry in Malaysia engaged in duplicitous conduct in regard to youth. By buying into the youth smoking issue it sought to move higher on the moral playing field and strengthen its relationship with government, while at the same time continuing to market to youth. There is no evidence that industry youth smoking prevention programmes were effective in reducing smoking; however, they were effective in diluting the government's tobacco control legislation.

Matched MeSH terms: Tobacco Industry/ethics*

Fulltext A mire of highly subjective and ineffective voluntary guidelines: tobacco industry efforts to thwart tobacco control in Malaysia

Assunta M, Chapman S

Tob Control, 2004 Dec;13 Suppl 2:ii43-50.

PMID: 15564220 DOI: 10.1136/tc.2004.008094

OBJECTIVE: To describe tobacco industry efforts in Malaysia to thwart government efforts to regulate tobacco promotion and health warnings.
METHODS: Systematic keyword and opportunistic website searches of formerly private tobacco industry internal documents made available through the Master Settlement Agreement and secondary websites; relevant information from news articles and financial reports.
RESULTS: Commencing in the 1970s, the industry began to systematically thwart government tobacco control. Guidelines were successfully promoted in the place of legislation for over two decades. Even when the government succeeded in implementing regulations such as health warnings and advertising bans they were compromised and acted effectively to retard further progress for years to come.
CONCLUSION: Counter-measures to delay or thwart government efforts to regulate tobacco were initiated by the industry. Though not unique to Malaysia, the main difference lies in the degree to which strategies were used to successfully counter stringent tobacco control measures between 1970 and 1995.

Matched MeSH terms: Tobacco Industry/ethics*

[The social status of women. For a new world order]

Gauffenic A

Tiers Monde, 1985 Apr-Jun;26(102):273-81.

PMID: 12340318

Matched MeSH terms: Ethics

Towards a balanced approach to identifying conflicts of interest faced by institutional review boards

Kaur S, Balan S

Theor Med Bioeth, 2015 Oct;36(5):341-61.

PMID: 26438122 DOI: 10.1007/s11017-015-9339-3

The welfare and protection of human subjects is critical to the integrity of clinical investigation and research. Institutional review boards (IRBs) were thus set up to be impartial reviewers of research protocols in clinical research. Their main role is to stand between the investigator and her human subjects in order to ensure that the welfare of human subjects are protected. While there is much literature on the conflicts of interest (CIs) faced by investigators and researchers in clinical investigations, an area that is less explored is CIs that may affect members of IRBs during the institutional ethics review of clinical investigations. This article examines the notion of CIs in clinical research and attempts to develop a framework for a clearer and more balanced approach to identifying CIs that may influence members of IRBs and impede their independence. It will also apply the proposed framework to demonstrate how IRBs possess, or at least may appear to possess, forms of financial CIs and non-financial CIs. The proper identification and management of these CIs is critical to preserving the integrity of clinical investigations and achieving the primary aim of human subjects protection.

Matched MeSH terms: Ethics Committees, Research/standards; Ethics Committees, Research/trends; Ethics Committees, Research/ethics*; Biomedical Research/ethics*

Fulltext The MAHSA University, Malaysia's medical student oath and a comparison of various oaths

Jegasothy R, Sen M

Natl Med J India, 2020 3 5;32(3):161-166.

PMID: 32129312 DOI: 10.4103/0970-258X.278687

When students enrol in a medical school, they are not introduced to any ethical issues until later in the curriculum. The Hippocratic/physician's oath is taken upon graduation. A student oath is important to introduce students to the solemnity of the education they are dedicating themselves to. This oath is analysed and compared with the doctor's oath upon graduation and a few other oaths.

Matched MeSH terms: Ethics, Medical/education*

An international view of surgically assisted conception and surrogacy tourism

Ahmad N

Med Leg J, 2011;79(Pt 4):135-45.

PMID: 22156300 DOI: 10.1258/mlj.2011.011029

Modern medicine, specifically assisted reproductive technology (ART), has overtaken the law in many jurisdictions around the world. New technologies and practices open a Pandora's Box of ethical, religious, social and legal questions, and may present a variety of significant legal problems to the courts and legislators. Surrogate motherhood and pregnancy through ART have both attracted controversy. Some groups condemn ART and want it banned while its supporters acknowledge there is a need for legislative guidelines and regulations. A proposed statute, the Assisted Reproductive Technique Services Act, aimed at regulating reproductive technologies, including surrogacy arrangements, will be introduced in the Malaysian parliament, probably in 2012, and the Assisted Reproductive Technology (Regulation) Bill 2010 is already before the Indian parliament. This paper will discuss several of the potential socio-legal issues surrounding ART in the light of the complex situation, with a comparative analysis of the Malaysian, USA, UK and Indian positions.

Matched MeSH terms: Reproductive Techniques, Assisted/ethics

Fulltext Informed consent: a socio-legal study

Rathor MY, Rani MF, Shah AM, Akter SF

Med J Malaysia, 2011 Dec;66(5):423-8.

PMID: 22390094 MyJurnal

Informed consent [IC] is a recognized socio-legal obligation for the medical profession. The doctrine of IC involves the law, which aims to ensure the lawfulness of health assistance and tends to reflect the concept of autonomy of the person requiring and requesting medical and/or surgical treatment. Recent changes in the health care delivery system and the complex sociological settings, in which it is practiced, have resulted in an increase in judicial activity and medical negligence lawsuits for physicians. While IC is a well-established practice, it often fails to meet its stated purpose. In the common law, the standard of medical care to disclose risks has been laid down by the Bolam test- a familiar concept to most physicians, but it has been challenged recently in many jurisdictions. This paper aims to discuss some important judgments in cases of alleged medical negligence so as to familiarize doctors regarding their socio-legal obligations. We also propose to discuss some factors that influence the quality of IC in clinical practice.

Matched MeSH terms: Ethics, Medical*; Informed Consent/ethics*; Physician-Patient Relations/ethics*

Fulltext Enhancing doctor-patient relationship: the humanistic approach

Loh KY, Sivalingam N

Med J Malaysia, 2008 Mar;63(1):85-7; quiz 88.

PMID: 18935748 MyJurnal

Doctor-patient relationship is a special kind of social. relationship where bonding is planned and carried out with the final objective of helping the patient to achieve the treatment goal. A positive therapeutic relationship encourages active participation of patient in the treatment plan, contributing to success of treatment goals and minimizing malpractice suits. The humanistic approach emphasizes the importance of love, belonging, self esteem, self expression and the final stage of self actualization-the drive to realize one's full potential. In person centered approach to therapeutic relationship, the three most fundamental elements are congruent (genuineness), unconditioned positive regards and empathy. In daily medical consultation, applying these elements can promote greater chance of success in the therapeutic process.

Matched MeSH terms: Ethics, Medical

Fulltext Pre-employment medical examination of migrant workers--the ethical and legal issues

Jayakumar G

Med J Malaysia, 2006 Dec;61(5):516-8.

PMID: 17623949

Matched MeSH terms: Mass Screening/ethics*; Physical Examination/ethics*

Proceedings in a disciplinary action at the Malaysian Medical Council

Mahmud MN

Med J Malaysia, 2005 Aug;60 Suppl D:32-4.

PMID: 16315621

Members of the medical profession are expected to be well aware and abide by the revised code of ethics adopted by the Malaysian Medical Council on 9th December 1986. Under the Act Council may, in the exercise of its disciplinary jurisdiction, impose punishments related to misconduct or malpractices. When a complaint or information is made against any practitioner, the President shall forward such complaint to the Chairman of the Preliminary Investigation Committee. The procedure of the disciplinary inquiry is not exactly like those in the court of law but the same principle of justice is adhered to and all evidence used to make a decision must only be those that are admissible in accordance with the rule of evidence.

Matched MeSH terms: Ethics, Medical*; Codes of Ethics

Health sector reform: ethical issues and challenges

Suleiman AB

Med J Malaysia, 2000 Aug;55 Suppl B:5-8.

PMID: 11125522

Matched MeSH terms: Ethics, Medical*

Is there a need for a national medical ethics committee

Devaraj TP

Med J Malaysia, 2000 Aug;55 Suppl B:38-42.

PMID: 11125520

To answer the question posed the terms of reference of local ethical committees as well as a few from overseas were reviewed. It was noted that these committees were established by various professional bodies and functioned independently. Guidelines for ethical practice and conduct were made available to the profession with compliance left to the individual doctor. Amongst the many ethical issues of concern both to the public and the profession was that of self regulation. It is being suggested that these concerns be addressed rather then set up a national body.

Matched MeSH terms: Ethics, Medical*; Ethics Committees*

Screening as a public health strategy--the ethical implications

Narimah A

Med J Malaysia, 2000 Aug;55 Suppl B:52-61.

PMID: 11125524

Matched MeSH terms: Ethics, Medical*

Ethical boundaries between the medical profession and the health care industry (2)

Choe TS

Med J Malaysia, 2000 Aug;55 Suppl B:51.

PMID: 11125523

Matched MeSH terms: Ethics, Medical*

Medical ethics: description or prescription?