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Aureomycin in treatment of peritonitis

Bailey CA, Jumeaux CV

Br Med J, 1950;1:271-273.

Five cases of generalized peritonitis secondary to perforating lesions of the gastro-intestinal tract were benefited by treatment with aureomycin. Four of these received the drug postoperatively: the fifth recovered withoLut surgical intervention.

Matched MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Tract
Radiology of the gastrointestinal tract

Kulaveerasingam K

Family Practitioner, 1985;8:25-36.

Matched MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Tract
Premalignant and malignant conditions of the gastrointestinal tract

Tan MK

Family Practitioner, 1985;8:49-50.

Matched MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Tract
Parasitic infections of the gastrointestinal tract

Shivaji R

Family Practitioner, 1985;8:51-58.

Matched MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Tract
Upper gastrointestinal tract haemorrhage

Menon KA

Family Practitioner, 1985;8:47-48.

Matched MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Tract
Endoscopy of the gastrointestinal tract

Chelvam P

Family Practitioner, 1985;8:37-40.

Matched MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Tract
Functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract

Giritharan R

Family Practitioner, 1985;8:9-14.

Matched MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Tract
Male sex pheromonal components derived from methyl eugenol in the hemolymph of the fruit fly Bactrocera papayae

Hee AK, Tan KH

J Chem Ecol, 2004 Nov;30(11):2127-38.
PMID: 15672660 DOI: 10.1023/B:JOEC.0000048778.02561.70

Pharmacophagy of methyl eugenol (ME)--a highly potent male attractant, by Bactrocera papayae results in the hydroxylation of ME to sex pheromonal components, 2-ally-4,5-dimethoxyphenol (DMP) and (E)-coniferyl alcohol (CF). These compounds, which are also male attractants, are then sequestered and stored in the rectal gland prior to their release during courtship at dusk. Chemical analyses of the digestive tract (excluding the crop and rectal gland) showed the absence of the sex pheromonal components and their precursor, ME. However, B. papayae males were attracted to and fed on the ME-fed male hemolymph extracts but not on hemolymph extracts of ME-deprived males. After thin layer chromatography in a hexane:ethyl acetate solvent system, flies were attracted to and fed on the original point on the TLC plate where the hemolymph extract had been spotted, suggesting that the pheromone components were bound in polar complexes. Chemical analyses of the ME-fed male hemolymph and crop extracts revealed the presence of the sex pheromonal components. The presence of the ME-derived pheromonal components and the absence of ME in the hemolymph suggest that the hemolymph is involved in the transportation of sex pheromonal components from the crop to the rectal gland.

Matched MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Tract/metabolism; Gastrointestinal Tract/chemistry
Risk of hospitalization for upper gastrointestinal tract complications associated with non-selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in Malaysia: A retrospective case control study

Ong JSK, Menon SK, Kew ST, Menon J, Mavros P, Thong SP, et al.

APLAR Journal of Rheumatology, 2004;7(3):196-203.
DOI: 10.1111/j.1479-8077.2004.00094.x

Aims: To assess the association between non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use and upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract-related hospitalizations and to evaluate inpatient healthcare resource utilization associated with these complications in Malaysia.
Methods: A retrospective case control study was performed using medical records of patients admitted to two Malaysian hospitals during 1999 and 2000. Cases were identified based on mode of presentation at hospital admission. One control was identified for each case, matched by age, sex and admission date. NSAID exposure was determined by drug use during one year prior to admission. Conditional logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between NSAID use and upper GI complications, adjusting for predictors.
Results: The 273 cases were significantly more likely to have used NSAIDs in the year prior to hospitalization than controls (27.8% vs. 6.2% of patients; P < 0.0001). Conditional logistic regression analysis adjusting for other predictors showed that the odds of being hospitalized for upper GI tract complications were 4.1 times higher among NSAID users than non-users (95% CI = 1.88-9.12). Other risk factors for GI-related hospitalizations were a history of upper GI tract complications (OR = 5.8, 95% CI = 1.28-26.53), use of gastroprotective agents (OR = 5.3, 95% CI = 1.67-16.79), and use of antacids (OR = 5.0, 95% CI = 2.10-11.91) in the previous year.
Conclusion: This study demonstrated that NSAID exposure was significantly higher among patients hospitalized for GI-related complications than for other reasons, indicating that NSAID use is an independent risk factor for upper GI tract complications in this Malaysian sample.

Matched MeSH terms: Upper Gastrointestinal Tract
Influence of beta-glucanase-producing Lactobacillus strains on intestinal characteristics and feed passage rate of broiler chickens

Sieo CC, Abdullah N, Tan WS, Ho YW

Poult Sci, 2005 May;84(5):734-41.
PMID: 15913185

Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of beta-glucanase produced by transformed Lactobacillus strains on the intestinal characteristics and feed passage rate of broiler chickens fed barley-based diets. Supplementation of transformed Lactobacillus strains to the diet of chickens significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the intestinal fluid viscosity by 21 to 46% compared with chickens fed an unsupplemented diet or a diet supplemented with parental Lactobacillus strains. The relative weights of pancreas, liver, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, ceca, and colon were reduced (P < 0.05) by 6 to 27%, and the relative length of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and ceca was reduced (P < 0.05) by 8 to 15%. Histological examination of the intestinal tissues showed that the jejunal villus height of chickens fed a diet supplemented with transformed Lactobacillus strains was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of chickens fed other dietary treatments. The transformed Lactobacillus strains were found to reduce (P < 0.05) the time of feed passage rate by 2.2 h. Supplementation of transformed Lactobacillus strains to the diet improved the intestinal characteristics and feed, passage rate of the chickens.

Matched MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Tract/physiology*
Plasmid profiling and curing of Lactobacillus strains isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of chicken

Chin SC, Abdullah N, Siang TW, Wan HY

J Microbiol, 2005 Jun;43(3):251-6.
PMID: 15995642

In this study, we assessed the susceptibility of 12 Lactobacillus strains, all of which had been isolated from the gastrointestinal tracts of chicken, to three antibiotics (chloramphenicol, erythromycin and tetracycline) used commonly as selective markers in transformation studies of lactic acid bacteria. Among these strains, 17%, 58%, and 25% were found to exhibit a high degree of resistance to 200 microg/ml of tetracycline, erythromycin, and chloramphenicol, respectively. Seven of the 12 Lactobacillus strains exhibiting resistance to at least 50 microg/ml of chloramphenicol or erythromycin, and five strains exhibiting resistance to at least 50 microg/ml of tetracycline, were subsequently subjected to plasmid curing with chemical curing agents, such as novobiocin, acriflavin, SDS, and ethidium bromide. In no cases did the antibiotic resistance of these strains prove to be curable, with the exception of the erythromycin resistance exhibited by five Lactobacillus strains (L. acidophilus I16 and I26, L. fermentum I24 and C17, and L. brevis C10). Analysis of the plasmid profiles of these five cured derivatives revealed that all of the derivatives, except for L. acidophilus I16, possessed profiles similar to those of wild-type strains. The curing of L. acidophilus I16 was accompanied by the loss of 4.4 kb, 6.1 kb, and 11.5 kb plasmids.

Matched MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Tract/microbiology*
Crohn's disease in adults: observations in a multiracial Asian population

Hilmi I, Tan YM, Goh KL

World J Gastroenterol, 2006 Mar 07;12(9):1435-8.
PMID: 16552816

AIM: To determine the demography and clinical presentation of CD and secondly to determine any differences in the prevalence between the different ethnic groups in a multiracial Asian population.
METHODS: Patients with CD who were seen in 2001-2003 in the University of Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC) were enrolled in this study. Prevalence of disease was calculated for the group as a whole and by race with hospital admissions per ethnic group as the denominator.
RESULTS: Thirty-four patients were diagnosed to have CD. Basic demographic data of patients; male:female 17:17; mean age 29.1 years (+/-13.5 years); ethnic group: Malays 5 (14.7%), Chinese 12 (35.3%) and Indians 17 (50%).Twenty-six (76.5%) were diagnosed under the age of 40 and 8 (23.5%) were diagnosed over the age of 40. Location of the disease was as follows:ileocolonic 13 (38.2%), terminal ileum only 9 (26.5%), colon only 8 (23.5%), and upper gastrointestinal 4 (11.8%). Sixteen (47.1%) had penetrating disease, 9 (26.5%) had stricturing disease and 9 (26.5%) had non-penetrating and non-stricturing disease. The hospital admission prevalence of CD was 26.0 overall, Indians 52.6, Chinese 6.9, and Malays 9.3 per 10(5) admissions per ethnic group. The difference between Indians and Malays: [OR 5.67 (1.97, 17.53) P<0.001] was statistically significant but not between the Indians and the Chinese [OR 1.95 (0.89, 4.35) P=0.700]. The difference between the Chinese and the Malays was also not statistically significant. [OR 2.90 (0.95, 9.42) P=0.063].
CONCLUSION: The clinical presentation of CD is similar to the Western experience. Although the overall prevalence is low,there appears to be a clear racial predominance among the Indians.

Matched MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Tract/pathology
Fulltext Cholecystokinin hyperresponsiveness in functional dyspepsia

Chua AS, Keeling PW

World J Gastroenterol, 2006 May 07;12(17):2688-93.
PMID: 16718754 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v12.i17.2688

Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a common disorder of yet uncertain etiology. Dyspeptic symptoms are usually meal related and suggest an association to gastrointestinal (GI) sensorimotor dysfunction. Cholecystokinin (CCK) is an established brain-gut peptide that plays an important regulatory role in gastrointestinal function. It inhibits gastric motility and emptying via a capsaicin sensitive vagal pathway. The effects on emptying are via its action on the proximal stomach and pylorus. CCK is also involved in the regulation of food intake. It is released in the gut in response to a meal and acts via vagal afferents to induce satiety. Furthermore CCK has also been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of panic disorder, anxiety and pain. Other neurotransmitters such as serotonin and noradrenaline may be implicated with CCK in the coordination of GI activity. In addition, intravenous administration of CCK has been observed to reproduce the symptoms in FD and this effect can be blocked both by atropine and loxiglumide (CCK-A antagonist). It is possible that an altered response to CCK may be responsible for the commonly observed gastric sensorimotor dysfunction, which may then be associated with the genesis of dyspeptic symptoms.

Matched MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Tract/innervation; Gastrointestinal Tract/physiopathology
Fulltext Reassessment of functional dyspepsia: a topic review

Chua AS

World J Gastroenterol, 2006 May 07;12(17):2656-9.
PMID: 16718748 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v12.i17.2656

Dyspepsia itself is not a diagnosis but stands for a constellation of symptoms referable to the upper gastrointestinal tract. It consists of a variable combination of symptoms including abdominal pain or discomfort, postprandial fullness, abdominal bloating, early satiety, nausea, vomiting, heartburn and acid regurgitation. Patients with heartburn and acid regurgitation invariably have gastroesophageal reflux disease and should be distinguished from those with dyspepsia. There is a substantial group of patients who do not have a definite structural or biochemical cause for their symptoms and are considered to be suffering from functional dyspepsia (FD). Gastrointestinal motor abnormalities, altered visceral sensation, dysfunctional central nervous system-enteral nervous system (CNS-ENS) integration and psychosocial factors have all being identified as important pathophysiological correlates. It can be considered as a biopsychosocial disorder with dysregulation of the brain-gut axis being central in origin of disease. FD can be categorized into different subgroups based on the predominant single symptom identified by the patient. This subgroup classification can assist us in deciding the appropriate symptomatic treatment for the patient.

Matched MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Tract/innervation
Mode of attachment and lesions associated with trypanorhynch cestodes in the gastrointestinal tracts of two species of sharks collected from coastal waters of Borneo

Borucinska JD, Caira JN

J Fish Dis, 2006 Jul;29(7):395-407.
PMID: 16866923

Lesions associated with two species of tapeworms within the digestive tract of wild-caught specimens of the bull shark, Carcharhinus leucas, and the sicklefin weasel shark, Hemigaleus microstoma, from Malaysian Borneo are described. Portions of the glandular stomach and pyloric gut with parasites were removed and fixed in 10% formalin buffered in sea water. Whole mounts, histological sections of tissues with and without worms in situ, and scanning electron microscopy images of detached worms were examined. Both species of cestodes belonged to the trypanorhynch family Tentaculariidae. Heteronybelinia estigmena was found in large numbers parasitizing the pyloric gut of C. leucas; an unidentified tentaculariid was found in relatively small numbers in both the glandular stomach and pyloric gut of H. microstoma. Both species burrowed their scoleces deeply in the mucosa and attached via hooked tentacles and unciniform microtriches of the scolex. The lesions induced by the parasites were marked in both sharks and ranged from acute necrotizing to chronic granulomatous gastroenteritis. Regenerative hyperplasia and intestinal metaplasia of gastric epithelium were also present. The severity and character of pathology was causally linked to the intensity of infection, the attachment mode of the parasites, and to the anatomophysiological relationships within the gut of the host shark.

Matched MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Tract/parasitology*; Gastrointestinal Tract/pathology
Detection of Epstein-Barr virus in lower gastrointestinal tract lymphomas: a study in Malaysian patients

Yunos AM, Jaafar H, Idris FM, Kaur G, Mabruk MJ

Mol Diagn Ther, 2006;10(4):251-6.
PMID: 16884329

Many studies in the literature have shown that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with several human lymphoid and epithelial malignancies. However, the prevalence of EBV in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) of the lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract has not been fully elucidated.

Matched MeSH terms: Lower Gastrointestinal Tract/virology
Fulltext Presacral Extramedullary Haemopoiesis Mimicking an Ovarian Mass

Amran, A.R., Moosa, F.

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2006;5(1):1-6.
MyJurnal

Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EH) is a rare but well-known compensatory mechanism of red blood cell production when the normal site of red bone marrow is unable to produce sufficient number of red blood cells. When the body demands for erythrocyte cells is high this lead to EH. This occurs mainly outside the bone marrow, usually paraspinally and sites which are normally observed in the fetus as in the liver, spleen, lymph nodes and less frequently at other sites such as adrenal, thymus, kidneys, pleura, breast, skin, gastrointestinal tract, dura mater and brain.This is more frequent in thalassaemia major (incidence up to 15% of cases), in myelofibrosis, myeloproliferative diseases (polycythemia rubra vera, chronic myeloid leukemia,), hemolytic anemias such as hereditary spherocytosis, pyruvate-kinase deficiency, medullary tuberculosis and in Paget’s disease of the bone. In some cases the cause of the EH are not identified [3]. We describe a case of EH in the presacral space that mimicked an ovarian mass on ultrasound in a patient with beta-thalassaemia intermedia.

Matched MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Tract
Fulltext Cytogenetic and clinical profile of Down syndrome in Northeast Malaysia

Azman BZ, Ankathil R, Siti Mariam I, Suhaida MA, Norhashimah M, Tarmizi AB, et al.

Singapore Med J, 2007 Jun;48(6):550-4.
PMID: 17538755

This study was designed to evaluate the karyotype pattern, clinical features and other systemic anomalies of patients with Down syndrome in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Tract/abnormalities
Fulltext Estimation of 16S rRNA gene copy number in several probiotic Lactobacillus strains isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of chicken

Lee CM, Sieo CC, Abdullah N, Ho YW

FEMS Microbiol Lett, 2008 Oct;287(1):136-41.
PMID: 18707622 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2008.01305.x

The copy numbers of 16S rRNA genes in 12 probiotic Lactobacillus strains of poultry origin were analyzed. Genomic DNA of the strains was digested with restriction endonucleases that do not cut within the 16S rRNA gene of the strains. This was followed by Southern hybridization with a biotinylated probe complementary to the 16S rRNA gene. The copy number of the 16S rRNA gene within a Lactobacillus species was found to be conserved. From the hybridization results, Lactobacillus salivarius I 24 was estimated to have seven copies of the 16S rRNA gene, Lactobacillus panis C 17 to have five copies and Lactobacillus gallinarum strains I 16 and I 26 four copies. The 16S rRNA gene copy numbers of L. gallinarum and L. panis reported in the present study are the first record. Lactobacillus brevis strains I 12, I 23, I 25, I 211, I 218 and Lactobacillus reuteri strains C 1, C 10, C 16 were estimated to have at least four copies of the 16S rRNA gene. In addition, distinct rRNA restriction patterns which could discriminate the strains of L. reuteri and L. gallinarum were also detected. Information on 16S rRNA gene copy number is important for physiological, evolutionary and population studies of the bacteria.

Matched MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Tract/microbiology*
Fulltext Retrospective review of surgical management of foreign body ingestion

Shaariyah MM, Goh BS

Med J Malaysia, 2009 Dec;64(4):307-10.
PMID: 20954556 MyJurnal

Endoscopic examination and removal of foreign body under general anaesthesia are recommended for persistent symptomatic patient with or without significant findings on radiological examination. This report evaluates the management outcome of surgical removal of foreign body ingestion in upper gastrointestinal tract. A total of 70 cases with full documentation were reviewed retrospectively from June 1998 until December 2007. There were 32 male and 38 female with age range from 6 months to 87 years old (mean: 36.9 years). Sixty five patients (93%) were adults and 15 (7%) were below 13 years. Fish bones were the most common foreign body found (44.3%). Radiologically, foreign bodies were highly suspicious in 51 cases (76.1%). Intraoperatively, thirty six cases (70.6%) were positive. From 16 cases (23.9%) with normal radiograph, 10 cases (62.5%) were found to have foreign bodies. Therefore the plain radiograph is helpful, but clinical presentation is more reliable to determine surgical removal under general anaesthesia.

Matched MeSH terms: Upper Gastrointestinal Tract/surgery*

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