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Fulltext Complication following insertion of intrauterine contraceptive device

THAMBU J

Br Med J, 1965 Aug 14;2(5458):407-8.
PMID: 20722189
Matched MeSH terms: Ileum/injuries; Ileum/surgery
Responses of large and small intestine of the rat to cesium, 5-hydroxytryptamine ouabain and acetyl choline

Thevathasan OI, Archdeacon JW

Med J Malaya, 1966 Jun;20(4):306-15.
PMID: 4224339
Matched MeSH terms: Ileum/drug effects*
Inhibition of gastrointestinal release of acetylcholine by quercetin as a possible mode of action of Psidium guajava leaf extracts in the treatment of acute diarrhoeal disease

Lutterodt GD

J Ethnopharmacol, 1989 May;25(3):235-47.
PMID: 2747259

The electrically stimulated guinea-pig ileum and spontaneously contracting guinea-pig ileum preparations were employed in studies on the effects of an alcoholic extract and two flavonoid compounds, quercetin and quercetin-3-arabinoside, extracted from the leaves of Psidium guajava. The extract showed a morphine-like inhibition of acetylcholine release in the coaxially stimulated ileum, together with an initial increase in muscular tone, followed by a gradual decrease. The morphine-like inhibition was found to be due to quercetin, starting at concentrations of 1.6 micrograms/ml. The glycoside did not show any such action at concentrations of up to 1.28 mg/ml. The extract inhibited spontaneous contractions in the unstimulated ileum with a concentration-response relationship.

Matched MeSH terms: Ileum/drug effects*; Ileum/metabolism; Ileum/physiology
In vitro estimation of non-specific and specific amino acid decarboxylase activities in guinea-pigs treated with chlorpromazine

Ridzwan BH, Waton NG, Rozali BO, Jais AM, Maimun AH

Comp Biochem Physiol C Comp Pharmacol Toxicol, 1990;97(2):247-50.
PMID: 1982866

1. In vitro studies of non-specific histidine decarboxylase activity was low or absent in control guinea-pigs and unchanged 9 or 27 hr after chlorpromazine (CPZ) injection intraperitoneally. 2. However, specific histidine decarboxylase activity was found in the control tissues and was increased 9 hr but not 27 hr after CPZ injection.

Matched MeSH terms: Ileum/drug effects; Ileum/enzymology
Radioactive uptake of [14C]histamine by certain tissues in guinea-pigs treated and untreated with chlorpromazine

Ridzwan BH, Waton NG

Comp Biochem Physiol C Comp Pharmacol Toxicol, 1990;97(2):251-5.
PMID: 1982867

1. Oral administration of [14C]histamine induced the presence of small amounts of [14C]histamine in stomach and ileal tissues of control guinea-pigs. In contrast, much larger amounts were found after 8 h infusion. 2. Similar amounts of [14C]histamine were found in the tissues when [14C]histamine was given by intravenous infusion from 24-30 h after chlorpromazine injection.

Matched MeSH terms: Ileum/drug effects; Ileum/metabolism
Fulltext Prenatal diagnosis of intestinal obstruction due to ileal atresia

Raman S, Chan LL, Chang KW, Rachagan SP

Med J Malaysia, 1992 Sep;47(3):228-30.
PMID: 1491650

A case of intestinal obstruction due to ileal atresia where the diagnosis was made prenatally by ultrasound is presented. Close monitoring of the fetus was done ultrasonographically to look for any evidence of meconium peritonitis. The baby was delivered preterm but weighed 3.3 kg. Laparotomy and enterostomy was done and the baby is currently well.

Matched MeSH terms: Ileum/abnormalities*; Ileum/ultrasonography
Inhibition of calcium-dependent contractions of the isolated guinea-pig ileal longitudinal muscle and taenia coli by the total glycosidic extract of the plant Sarcolobus globosus

Mustafa MR

Toxicon, 1993 Jan;31(1):67-74.
PMID: 8446965

The effect of the total glysosidic extract of the plant Sarcolobus globosus was investigated on the contractions of the smooth muscle of the guinea-pig ileal longitudinal muscle and taenia coli. In the ileal longitudinal muscle, addition of the extract inhibited the electrical field-stimulated twitches. Similarly to verapamil, it also reduced the contractions of the muscle to acetylcholine, histamine and KCl. However, only the tonic contraction to KCl was reversed by increasing the extracellular calcium concentration. In the taenia coli, lower concentrations of both the extract and verapamil induced a parallel displacement of the dose-response curves to calcium (0.30-30 mM). Addition of the extract also dose-dependently inhibited the KCl-induced contraction of the taenia coli. Increasing the calcium concentration increased the IC50 values of the extract. The result suggests that the inhibitory effect of the Sarcolobus globosus extract on the smooth muscle, like verapamil, is mainly due to inhibition of calcium influx.

Matched MeSH terms: Ileum/drug effects; Ileum/physiology
Adhesion of Lactobacillus isolates to intestinal epithelial cells of chicken

Jin LZ, Ho YW, Ali MA, Abdullah N, Ong KB, Jalaludin S

Lett Appl Microbiol, 1996 Mar;22(3):229-32.
PMID: 8852352

A total of 46 Lactobacillus isolates obtained from chicken intestine were assessed on their ability to adhere to the chicken ileal epithelial cell (IEC) in vitro. Twelve out of the 46 isolates showed moderate to good ability to adhere to the IEC. Temperature (between 4 degrees C and 42 degrees C) did not affect attachment. Incubation (contact) time of 30 min was found to be insufficient for the attachment of bacteria to the IEC, but contact time beyond 1 h did not increase this ability. The pH values (4-7) of the suspending buffer did not have any significant effect on the attachment of bacteria to the IEC, but at pH 8 it was reduced significantly (P < 0.05).

Matched MeSH terms: Ileum/microbiology*; Ileum/ultrastructure
Effect of adherent Lactobacillus spp. on in vitro adherence of salmonellae to the intestinal epithelial cells of chicken

Jin LZ, Ho YW, Ali MA, Abdullah N, Jalaludin S

J. Appl. Bacteriol., 1996 Aug;81(2):201-6.
PMID: 8760330

Single strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lact. fermentum, isolated from chicken intestine, were used to study in vitro interactions with Salmonella enteritidis, Salm. pullorum or Salm. typhimurium in an ileal epithelial cell (IEC) radioactive assay. Exclusion, competition and displacement phenomena were investigated by respectively incubating (a) lactobacilli and IEC together, prior to addition of salmonellae, (b) lactobacilli, IEC and salmonellae together, and (c) salmonellae and IEC, followed by the lactobacilli. Lactobacilli were selected for study because of their strong ability to adhere to IEC and poor aggregation with salmonellae. The results demonstrated that Lact. acidophilus significantly reduced (P < 0.05) the attachment of Salm. pullorum to IEC in the tests for exclusion and competition, but not in the displacement tests. Lactobacillus fermentum was found to have some ability to reduce the attachment of Salm. typhimurium to IEC under the conditions of exclusion (P < 0.08), competition (P < 0.09), but not displacement. However, both Lact. acidophilus and Lact. fermentum were unable to reduce the adherence of Salm. enteritidis to IEC under any of the conditions.

Matched MeSH terms: Ileum/cytology; Ileum/microbiology*
Antagonistic effects of intestinal Lactobacillus isolates on pathogens of chicken

Jin LZ, Ho YW, Abdullah N, Ali MA, Jalaludin S

Lett Appl Microbiol, 1996 Aug;23(2):67-71.
PMID: 8987444

Twelve Lactobacillus strains isolated from chicken intestine, which demonstrated a strong and moderate capacity to adhere to the ileal epithelial cells in vitro, were used to investigate their inhibitory ability against five strains of salmonella, i.e. Salmonella enteritidis 935/79, Salm. pullorum, Salm. typhimurium, Salm. blockley and Salm. enteritidis 94/448, and three serotypes of Escherichia coli, viz. E. coli O1:K1, O2:K1 and O78:K80. The results showed that all the 12 Lactobacillus isolates were able to inhibit the growth of the five strains of salmonella, and the three strains of E. coli in varying degrees. Generally, they were more effective in inhibiting the growth of salmonella than E. coli. Inhibition of the pathogenic bacteria was probably due to the production of organic acids by the Lactobacillus isolates.

Matched MeSH terms: Ileum/microbiology
The impact of a modified ileal neobladder on the lifestyle and voiding patterns in Asian patients

Lee KT, Li MK, Cheng WS, Foo KT

Br J Urol, 1998 May;81(5):705-8.
PMID: 9634045 DOI: 10.1046/j.1464-410x.1998.00586.x

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of the modified ileal neobladder reconstruction on lifestyle, voiding habits and functional outcome in Asian patients.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-seven Asian patients (25 men and two women, mean age 59 years, range 41-76) underwent modified ileal neobladder reconstruction after radical cystectomy for carcinoma of the bladder. The mean (range) follow-up was 21 (3-75) months. All patients were evaluated retrospectively using case notes, reviews, interviews and voiding charts; 18 patients underwent urodynamic studies.

RESULT: Twenty-five patients (93%) achieved diurnal and 23 (85%) nocturnal continence within 6 months. Of the 19 patients who were in employment before surgery, 15 continued to be economically active afterward; 26 patients (96%) reported no change in their daily living activities. Of 16 men who reported being potent pre-operatively only four retained some residual erectile function. Twenty-three patients were interviewed about their voiding habits and satisfaction with the outcome of surgery. Fourteen patients had no sensation of reservoir fullness and of the 21 men, 13 had to squat or sit to void effectively. The mean (range) voiding frequency was 5 (4-8) during the day and 2 (0-4) during sleep. Twenty-two patients were satisfied with the overall outcome.

CONCLUSIONS: The modified ileal bladder provides a high urinary continence rate with minimal changes in daily living activities and occupational status. The functional outcome was very satisfactory and accepted well, despite some changes in reservoir sensation, voiding posture and erectile function. The method is a viable option for reconstruction after cystectomy in Asian patients.

Matched MeSH terms: Ileum/transplantation
Note: lack of influence of adherent Lactobacillus isolates on the attachment of Escherichia coli to the intestinal epithelial cells of chicken in vitro

Jin LZ, Ho YW, Abdullah N, Ali MA, Jalaludin S

J Appl Microbiol, 1998 Jun;84(6):1171-4.
PMID: 9717304

Two Lactobacillus isolates, Lact. acidophilus I 26 and Lact. fermentum I 25, were selected, based on their poor aggregation with Escherichia coli and strong ability to adhere to ileal epithelial cells (IEC), to study in vitro interactions with E. coli O1:K1, O2:K1 and O78:K80 in an IEC radioactive-assay under the conditions of exclusion (lactobacilli and IEC, followed by the addition of E. coli), competition (lactobacilli, IEC and E. coli together) and displacement (E. coli and IEC, followed by the addition of lactobacilli). The results indicated that Lact. acidophilus I 26 and Lact. fermentum I 25 could not significantly reduce the attachment of E. coli O1:K1, O2:K1 and O78:K80 to IEC under the three conditions tested in vitro, except that the attachment of E. coli O1:K1 was slightly reduced by Lact. fermentum I 25 in the test for competition.

Matched MeSH terms: Ileum/microbiology
Acid and bile tolerance of Lactobacillus isolated from chicken intestine

Jin LZ, Ho YW, Abdullah N, Jalaludin S

Lett Appl Microbiol, 1998 Sep;27(3):183-5.
PMID: 9750324

Twelve Lactobacillus strains isolated from chicken intestine were used to investigate acid and bile tolerance in vitro. Ten out of the 12 strains were slightly affected by 0.3% bile salts, showing a delay of growth (d) of 0.6-37.2 min compared with growth in control cultures. Two strains were not affected by the bile salts. Of the 12 strains, seven could be arbitrarily classified as resistant (d < 15 min) and five as tolerant (15 min < d < or = 40 min). Lactobacillus strains from the caecum showed better tolerance to acid than those from the ileum. Generally, the survival of the ileal strains was very low at pH 1.0 and 2.0, and moderate at pH 3.0. In contrast, caecal Lactobacillus strains could survive at pH 1.0 for up to 2 h of incubation; growth was moderate at pH 2.0 and good at pH 3.0 and 4.0.

Matched MeSH terms: Ileum/microbiology
Crohn's disease in adults: observations in a multiracial Asian population

Hilmi I, Tan YM, Goh KL

World J Gastroenterol, 2006 Mar 07;12(9):1435-8.
PMID: 16552816

AIM: To determine the demography and clinical presentation of CD and secondly to determine any differences in the prevalence between the different ethnic groups in a multiracial Asian population.
METHODS: Patients with CD who were seen in 2001-2003 in the University of Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC) were enrolled in this study. Prevalence of disease was calculated for the group as a whole and by race with hospital admissions per ethnic group as the denominator.
RESULTS: Thirty-four patients were diagnosed to have CD. Basic demographic data of patients; male:female 17:17; mean age 29.1 years (+/-13.5 years); ethnic group: Malays 5 (14.7%), Chinese 12 (35.3%) and Indians 17 (50%).Twenty-six (76.5%) were diagnosed under the age of 40 and 8 (23.5%) were diagnosed over the age of 40. Location of the disease was as follows:ileocolonic 13 (38.2%), terminal ileum only 9 (26.5%), colon only 8 (23.5%), and upper gastrointestinal 4 (11.8%). Sixteen (47.1%) had penetrating disease, 9 (26.5%) had stricturing disease and 9 (26.5%) had non-penetrating and non-stricturing disease. The hospital admission prevalence of CD was 26.0 overall, Indians 52.6, Chinese 6.9, and Malays 9.3 per 10(5) admissions per ethnic group. The difference between Indians and Malays: [OR 5.67 (1.97, 17.53) P<0.001] was statistically significant but not between the Indians and the Chinese [OR 1.95 (0.89, 4.35) P=0.700]. The difference between the Chinese and the Malays was also not statistically significant. [OR 2.90 (0.95, 9.42) P=0.063].
CONCLUSION: The clinical presentation of CD is similar to the Western experience. Although the overall prevalence is low,there appears to be a clear racial predominance among the Indians.

Matched MeSH terms: Ileum/pathology
Fulltext Perforated ileal duplication cyst presenting with right iliac fossa pain mimicking perforated appendicitis

Islah MAR, Hafizan T

Med J Malaysia, 2008 Mar;63(1):63-4.
PMID: 18935738

Enteric duplication is an uncommon malformation of the gastrointestinal tract which is either asymptomatic or presents with vague symptoms mimicking other more common pathology. It is most commonly diagnosed when complications such as bleeding, intestinal obstruction or perforation occurs. This is a case report of a patient with this condition presenting with right iliac fossa pain and localised peritonitis mimicking acute appendicitis.

Matched MeSH terms: Ileum/abnormalities*
Comparison of histopathological features of Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor and O139 Bengal infections in rabbit intestinal mucosa

Amin A, Ali A, Kurunathan S, Cheong TG, Al-Jashamy KA, Jaafar H, et al.

Histol Histopathol, 2009 05;24(5):559-65.
PMID: 19283664 DOI: 10.14670/HH-24.559

Vibrio cholerae is the causative agent of the infectious disease, cholera. The bacteria adhere to the mucosal membrane and release cholera toxin, leading to watery diarrhea. There are >100 serovars of V. cholerae, but the O1 and O139 serovars are the main causative agents of cholera. The present study aimed to compare the severity of intestinal mucosal infection caused by O1 El Tor and O139 V. cholerae in a rabbit ileal loop model. The results showed that although the fluid accumulation was similar in the loops inoculated with O1 and O139 V. cholerae, the presence of blood was detected only in the loops inoculated with the O139 serovar. Serosal hemorrhage was confirmed by histopathological examination and the loops inoculated with O139 showed massive destruction of villi and loss of intestinal glands. The submucosa and muscularis mucosa of the ileum showed the presence of edema with congested blood vessels, while severe hemorrhage was seen in the muscularis propria layer. The loops inoculated with O1 El Tor showed only minimal damage, with intact intestinal villi and glands. Diffuse colonies of the O139 serovar were seen to have infiltrated deep into the submucosal layer of the intestine. Although the infection caused by the O1 serovar was focal and invasive, it was more superficial than that due to O139, and involved only the villi. These observations were confirmed by immunostaining with O1 and O139 V. cholerae-specific monoclonal antibodies. The peroxidase reaction demonstrated involvement of tissues down to the submucosal layer in O139 V. cholerae infection, while in O1 El Tor infection, the reaction was confined mainly to the villi, and was greatly reduced in the submucosal region. This is the first reported study to clearly demonstrate the histopathological differences between infections caused by the O139 Bengal and O1 El Tor pathogenic serovars of V. cholerae.

Matched MeSH terms: Ileum/microbiology; Ileum/pathology
Fulltext In vitro cholinomimetic effect of Loranthus ferrugineus in isolated guinea pig ileum

Ameer OZ, Salman IM, Siddiqui MJ, Yam MF, Sriramaneni RN, Sadikun A, et al.

J Acupunct Meridian Stud, 2009 Dec;2(4):288-93.
PMID: 20633504 DOI: 10.1016/S2005-2901(09)60070-4

This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism(s) of the spasmogenic action of Loranthus ferrugineus in isolated guinea pig ileum. Thus the contractile responses of guinea pig ileum to graded additions of either L. ferrugineus methanol extract or its n-butanol fraction were tested in the presence and absence of various pharmacological interventions. The data showed that L. ferrugineus methanol extract and the n-butanol fraction produced a concentration-dependent spasmogenic effect in isolated guinea pig ileum segments. These effects were significantly inhibited in the presence of 1 microM atropine. In contrast, the response to the lowest concentrations of L. ferrugineus methanol extract (0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg/mL) and n-butanol fraction of L. ferrugineus (0.125, 0.25 and 0.5 mg/mL) were considerably enhanced in the presence of 0.05 microM neostigmine. Neither L. ferrugineus methanol extract nor n-butanol fraction contractile responses were affected upon the incubation of the ileal segments with 100 microM hexamethonium. The results of this study show that the spasmogenic effect of L. ferrugineus is possibly mediated through a direct action on intestinal muscarinic receptors. It is suggested that the bioactive constituents of L. ferrugineus serve as a substrate for acetylcholinesterase.

Matched MeSH terms: Ileum/drug effects*; Ileum/metabolism
Characterization of the possible mechanisms underlying the hypotensive and spasmogenic effects of Loranthus ferrugineus methanolic extract

Ameer OZ, Salman IM, Siddiqui MJ, Yam MF, Sriramaneni RN, Sadikun A, et al.

Am J Chin Med, 2009;37(5):991-1008.
PMID: 19885958

In the present study, L. ferrugineus methanol extract (LFME) was evaluated for its blood pressure lowering effect in anesthetized normotensive Sprague Dawley (SD) rats and its spasmogenic effect in isolated guinea pig ileum. The possible mechanism(s) of action were also investigated. LFME was obtained by Soxhlet extraction. The rats were fasted overnight and anesthetized with sodium pentobarbitone (60 mg/kg i.p.). LFME was administered in i.v. boluses in the concentrations of 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg respectively, with concomitant monitoring of mean arterial pressure (MAP). It was found that LFME dose-dependently reduced MAP. An i.v. bolus injection of atropine significantly decreased the blood pressure lowering effect of LFME. Similarly, L-NAME (Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester) significantly lowered both the MAP and the action duration. Conversely, no significant change in MAP was seen following i.v. injections of neostigmine, hexamethonium, prazosin and propranolol. LFME also produced a dose-dependent contractile effect in guinea pig ileum. This contraction was significantly reduced in atropine pre-incubated tissue segments, yet it was significantly enhanced in the presence of neostigmine. No appreciable change in the ability of LFME to contract guinea pig ileum was seen in the presence of hexamethonium. Accordingly, it can be postulated that LFME possesses a marked hypotensive effect that can be attributed to stimulation of muscarinic receptors and/or stimulation of nitric oxide (NO) release. Moreover, LFME retains a considerable spasmogenic action due to its cholinergic properties. The hypotensive and spasmogenic effects of LFME justify its traditional uses.

Matched MeSH terms: Ileum/drug effects; Ileum/physiology
Ileal endogenous amino acid flow of broiler chickens under high ambient temperature

Soleimani AF, Kasim A, Alimon AR, Meimandipour A, Zulkifli I

J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl), 2010 Oct;94(5):641-7.
PMID: 20050954 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2009.00951.x

High environmental temperature has detrimental effects on the gastrointestinal tract of poultry. An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of acute heat stress on endogenous amino acid (EAA) flow in broiler chickens. A total of 90, day-old broiler chicks were housed in battery cages in an environmentally controlled chamber. Chicks were fed a nitrogen-free diet on day 42 following either no heat exposure (no-heat) or 2 weeks exposure to 35 ± 1 °C for 3 h from days 28 to 42 (2-week heat) or 1 week exposure to 35 ± 1 °C for 3 h from days 35 to 42 (1 week heat). The most abundant amino acid in the ileal flow was glutamic acid, followed by aspartic acid, serine and threonine in non-heat stressed group. The EAA flow in 1-week heat and 2-week heat birds were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those under no heat exposure (14682, 11161 and 9597 mg/kg of dry matter intake respectively). Moreover, the EAA flow of 2-week heat group was less than 1-week heat group by approximately 36%. These observations suggest that the effect of heat stress on EAA flow is mostly quantitative; however, heat stress may also alter the content of EAA flow qualitatively.

Matched MeSH terms: Ileum/metabolism*
Construction and characterization of an auxotrophic ctxA mutant of O139 Vibrio cholerae

Chan M, Cheong TG, Kurunathan S, Chandrika M, Ledon T, Fando R, et al.

Microb Pathog, 2010 Nov;49(5):211-6.
PMID: 20558271 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2010.06.001

Cholera caused by the O139 serogroup still remains a public health concern in certain regions of the world and the existing O1 vaccines do not cross-protect cholera caused by this serogroup. An aminolevulinic acid (ALA) auxotroph vaccine candidate against the O139 serogroup, designated as VCUSM2, was recently developed. It was found to be immunogenic in animal model studies but showed mild reactogenic effects due to the presence of two intact copies of Vibrio cholerae toxin (CTX) genetic element. In the present study we have modified the ctx operon by systematic allelic replacement methodology to produce a mutant strain, designated as VCUSM14. This strain has two copies of chromosomally integrated and mutated ctxA gene, encoding immunogenic but not toxic cholera toxin A subunit (CT-A). The amino acids arginine and glutamic acid at position 7th and 112th, respectively, in CT-A of VCUSM14 were substituted with lysine (R7K) and glutamine (E112Q), respectively. Two copies of the ace and zot genes present in the ctx operon were also deleted. Cholera toxin-ELISA using GM1 ganglioside showed that the both wild type CT and mutated CT were recognized by anti-CT polyclonal antibodies. VCUSM14 produced comparatively less amount of antigenic cholera toxin when compared to the VCUSM2 and Bengal wild type strain. VCUSM14 did not elicit fluid accumulation when inoculated into rabbit ileal loops at doses of 10(6) and 10(8) CFU. The colonization efficiency of VCUSM14 was one log lower than the parent strain, VCUSM2, which can be attributed to the ALA auxotrophy and less invasive properties of VCUSM14. VCUSM14, thus a non-reactogenic auxotrophic vaccine candidate against infection by O139 V. cholerae.

Matched MeSH terms: Ileum/pathology

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