MyMedR

Prevalence of chlamydial antibody in Malaysians

Ngeow YF, Rachagan SP, Ramachandran S

J Clin Pathol, 1990 May;43(5):400-2.

PMID: 2196283

A single antigen indirect immunofluorescence test was used to screen for chlamydial antibody among Malaysian infants, children, sexually active adults and prostitutes. Of 794 serum samples tested, 361 (45.5%) were positive. Seropositivity increased with age and sexual activity and ranged from 10 to 16% among children under 10 years old to 94.4% among prostitutes. Pregnant women and female adolescents showed a higher antibody prevalence than nonpregnant and older women. Six (13%) infants under 6 months of age were positive for chlamydial IgM.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Fulltext Short Communication: Impact of Viral Load Use on Treatment Switch in Perinatally HIV-Infected Children in Asia

Jamal Mohamed T, Teeraananchai S, Kerr S, Phongsamart W, Nik Yusoff NK, Hansudewechakul R, et al.

AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 2017 03;33(3):230-233.

PMID: 27758114 DOI: 10.1089/AID.2016.0039

We sought to assess the impact of routine HIV viral load (VL) monitoring on the incidence of switching from a first- to a second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen, and to describe factors associated with switch. Data from a regional cohort of 16 clinical programs in six Asian countries were analyzed. Second-line switch was defined as a change from a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) to a protease inhibitor (PI) or vice versa, and ≥1 of the following: (1) reported treatment failure by local criteria, (2) switch of ≥1 additional drug, or (3) a preceding HIV VL ≥1,000 copies/ml. Routine VL was having ≥1 test after ≥24 weeks of ART and ≥1 time/year thereafter. Factors associated with time to switch were evaluated with death and loss to follow-up as competing risks. A total of 2,398 children were included in this analysis. At ART initiation, the median (interquartile range) age was 6.0 (3.3-8.9) years, more than half had WHO stage 3 or 4, the median CD4 was 189 (47-456) cells/mm3, 93% were on NNRTI-based first-line ART, and 34% had routine VL monitoring. Treatment switch occurred in 17.6% of patients, at a median of 35 (22-49) months. After adjusting for country, sex, first ART regimen, and CD4% at ART initiation, children with routine VL monitoring were 1.46 (95% confidence interval 1.11-1.93) times more likely to be switched (p = .007). Scale-up of VL testing will lead to earlier identification of treatment failure, and it can help guide earlier switches to prevent resistance.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Fulltext Progressive myoclonus epilepsies-Residual unsolved cases have marked genetic heterogeneity including dolichol-dependent protein glycosylation pathway genes

Courage C, Oliver KL, Park EJ, Cameron JM, Grabińska KA, Muona M, et al.

Am J Hum Genet, 2021 04 01;108(4):722-738.

PMID: 33798445 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2021.03.013

Progressive myoclonus epilepsies (PMEs) comprise a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous rare diseases. Over 70% of PME cases can now be molecularly solved. Known PME genes encode a variety of proteins, many involved in lysosomal and endosomal function. We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) in 84 (78 unrelated) unsolved PME-affected individuals, with or without additional family members, to discover novel causes. We identified likely disease-causing variants in 24 out of 78 (31%) unrelated individuals, despite previous genetic analyses. The diagnostic yield was significantly higher for individuals studied as trios or families (14/28) versus singletons (10/50) (OR = 3.9, p value = 0.01, Fisher's exact test). The 24 likely solved cases of PME involved 18 genes. First, we found and functionally validated five heterozygous variants in NUS1 and DHDDS and a homozygous variant in ALG10, with no previous disease associations. All three genes are involved in dolichol-dependent protein glycosylation, a pathway not previously implicated in PME. Second, we independently validate SEMA6B as a dominant PME gene in two unrelated individuals. Third, in five families, we identified variants in established PME genes; three with intronic or copy-number changes (CLN6, GBA, NEU1) and two very rare causes (ASAH1, CERS1). Fourth, we found a group of genes usually associated with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies, but here, remarkably, presenting as PME, with or without prior developmental delay. Our systematic analysis of these cases suggests that the small residuum of unsolved cases will most likely be a collection of very rare, genetically heterogeneous etiologies.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

The Practice of First Aid for Burn Injuries Among the Population of East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia for 2012-2016

Seow SN, Halim AS, Wan Sulaiman WA, Mat Saad AZ, Mat Johar SFN

J Burn Care Res, 2020 Jul 03;41(4):905-907.

PMID: 32166315 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/iraa025

Burns are a devastating public health problem that result in 10 million disability-adjusted life-years lost in low- and middle-income countries. Adequate first aid for burn injuries reduces morbidity and mortality. The rate of proper first aid practices in other countries is 12% to 22%.1,2 A 5-year retrospective audit was performed on the database of the Burn Unit in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia for 2012-2016; this involved 485 patients from the east coast of Malaysia. The mean age of the patients is 17.3 years old. The audit on first aid practices for burn injury showed poor practice. Out of 485 burned patients, 261 patients (53.8%) claimed that they practiced first aid. However, only 24 out of 485 patients (5%) practiced the correct first aid technique where they run their burn wound under cool water for more than 20 minutes. Two hundred and twenty-two patients had not received any first aid. Two patients did not respond to the question on the first aid usage after burn injury. The mean age of patients who practiced first aid was 15.6 years old. Out of the 261 patients who practiced first aid, 167 (64%) run their wound under tap water for different durations. Others practiced traditional remedies such as the application of "Minyak Gamat" (6.5%), soy sauce (5.5%), other ointments (3.6%), milk (1.8%), and eggs (0.7%), as well as honey, butter, and cooking oil (0.4% each). First aid practices for burn injuries in the population of east coast Malaysia are still inadequate. The knowledge and awareness of school children and the general Malaysian population must be enhanced.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Fulltext Rural-urban comparisons of dengue seroprevalence in Malaysia

Chew CH, Woon YL, Amin F, Adnan TH, Abdul Wahab AH, Ahmad ZE, et al.

BMC Public Health, 2016 08 18;16(1):824.

PMID: 27538986 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3496-9

BACKGROUND: Each year an estimated 390 million dengue infections occur worldwide. In Malaysia, dengue is a growing public health concern but estimate of its disease burden remains uncertain. We compared the urban-rural difference of dengue seroprevalence and determined age-specific dengue seroprevalence in Malaysia.

METHODS: We undertook analysis on 11,821 subjects from six seroprevalence surveys conducted in Malaysia between 2001 and 2013, which composed of five urban and two rural series.

RESULTS: Prevalence of dengue increased with age in both urban and rural locations in Malaysia, which exceeded 90 % among those aged 70 years or beyond. The age-specific rates of the 5 urban surveys overlapped without clear separation among them, while prevalence was lower in younger subjects in rural series than in urban series, the trend reversed in older subjects. There were no differences in the seroprevalence by gender, ethnicity or region. Poisson regression model confirmed the prevalence have not changed in urban areas since 2001 but in rural areas, there was a significant positive time trend such that by year 2008, rural prevalence was as high as in urban areas.

CONCLUSION: Dengue seroprevalence has stabilized but persisted at a high level in urban areas since 2001, and is fast stabilizing in rural areas at the same high urban levels by 2008. The cumulative seroprevalence of dengue exceeds 90 % by the age of 70 years, which translates into 16.5 million people or 55 % of the total population in Malaysia, being infected by dengue by 2013.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Epidemiological Characteristics of Strongyloidiasis in Inhabitants of Indigenous Communities in Borneo Island, Malaysia

Ngui R, Halim NA, Rajoo Y, Lim YA, Ambu S, Rajoo K, et al.

Korean J Parasitol, 2016 Oct;54(5):673-678.

PMID: 27853126

Epidemiological study on strongyloidiasis in humans is currently lacking in Malaysia. Thus, a cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis infection among the inhabitants of longhouse indigenous communities in Sarawak. A single stool and blood sample were collected from each participant and subjected to microscopy, serological and molecular techniques. Five species of intestinal parasites were identified by stool microscopy. None of the stool samples were positive for S. stercoralis. However, 11% of 236 serum samples were seropositive for strongyloidiasis. Further confirmation using molecular technique on stool samples of the seropositive individuals successfully amplified 5 samples, suggesting current active infections. The prevalence was significantly higher in adult males and tended to increase with age. S. stercoralis should no longer be neglected in any intestinal parasitic survey. Combination of more than 1 diagnostic technique is necessary to increase the likelihood of estimating the 'true' prevalence of S. stercoralis.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Duplication 17p11.2 (Potocki-Lupski Syndrome) in a child with developmental delay

Shuib S, Saaid NN, Zakaria Z, Ismail J, Abdul Latiff Z

Malays J Pathol, 2017 Apr;39(1):77-81.

PMID: 28413209 MyJurnal

Potocki-Lupski syndrome (PTLS), also known as duplication 17p11.2 syndrome, trisomy 17p11.2 or dup(17)(p11.2p11.2) syndrome, is a developmental disorder and a rare contiguous gene syndrome affecting 1 in 20,000 live births. Among the key features of such patients are autism spectrum disorder, learning disabilities, developmental delay, attention-deficit disorder, infantile hypotonia and cardiovascular abnormalities. Previous studies using microarray identified variations in the size and extent of the duplicated region of chromosome 17p11.2. However, there are a few genes which are considered as candidates for PTLS which include RAI1, SREBF1, DRG2, LLGL1, SHMT1 and ZFP179. In this report, we investigated a case of a 3-year-old girl who has developmental delay. Her chromosome analysis showed a normal karyotype (46,XX). Analysis using array CGH (4X44 K, Agilent USA) identified an ~4.2 Mb de novo duplication in chromosome 17p11.2. The result was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using probes in the critical PTLS region. This report demonstrates the importance of microarray and FISH in the diagnosis of PTLS.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Genetic disorders in Southern Africa

Beighton P

S. Afr. Med. J., 1976 Jul 10;50(29):1125-8.

PMID: 959924

Certain uncommon genetic disorders occur relatively frequently in the various population groups of Southern Africa. Prominent among these are porphyria, colonic polyposis and sclerosteosis in the Afrikaner community, Huntington's chorea in the British, Gaucher's and Tay-Sachs diseases in the Jewish population, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G-6-PD deficiency) and thalassaemia in the Greek community, various skeletal dysplasias in the Black group, lipoid proteinosis and cleidocranial dysostosis in the Cape Coloured population, diabetes mellitus in the Indian community and retinitis pigmentosa in the Tristan da Cunha islanders. In addition, 'private' syndromes have been encountered in virtually every group. Awareness of the ethnic distribution of unusual genetic conditions is of considerable practical importance during the differential diagnosis of obscure disease.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Clinical and laboratory presentation of malaria: an analysis of one thousand subjects with malaria parasitaemia

O'Holohan DR

J Trop Med Hyg, 1976 Sep;79(9):191-6.

PMID: 794512

In the context of this study the ethnic origin of the patients revealed no noteworthy difference in the clinical reaction to the parasite; neither did age or sex of the patients. Any minor differences whcih appeared in length of history before seeking treatment and frequency of repeat attacks were more a reflection of the cultural pattern of response to illness (i.e. resort to traditional medicines) and the distance between the patient's home and the doctor rather than any altered response on the part of the host to the parasite. However, the fact that about 35 per cent of all the episodes had a history of eight or more days (about 10 per cent more than 30 days) suggest that more "malaria consciousness" is called for in what is after all an endemic malaria area. The value (and necessity) of repeated examination of the blood to detect the parasite is confirmed but it is also encouraging to note that in 84% of cases a single careful examination of the blood revealed the parasite. Since in 49% of our malaria episodes the patient was afebrile when the parasite was discovered, it is obvious that in outpatient practice especially blood should be examined when the patient presents for treatment, irrespective of the presence or absence of pyrexia. As always, a prerequisite to the diagnosis of malaria is an awareness of its possible presence.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Pneumonia and diarrhoeas: killers of toddlers in developing countries

Chen ST

Trop Geogr Med, 1975 Mar;27(1):103-8.

PMID: 806152

Pneumonia and diarrhoeas are an important cause of toddler mortality and morbidity in developing countries. Of the 147 children admitted to the University Hospital at Kuala Lumpur in 1971 for pneumonia and diarrhoeas 50 (34%) were found to be suffering from protein-calorie malnutrition of varying degrees of severity. The malnourished children tended to come from poorer homes, and to have a larger number of siblings born in rapid succession when compared with normal weight children. Anemia was more common among the malnourished children. The interaction of infection and malnutrition and the social implications of these diseases are important. It is vital that hospitals in developing countries promote health in addition to their traditional curative role.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

A study of immunoglobulin levels among Singapore infants and children

Paul FM, Leng T, Wee R

J Singapore Paediatr Soc, 1972 Apr;14(1):1-16.

PMID: 4626321

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

An epidemiological study of cancers in the university hospital: a preliminary report

Huat LH

Med J Malaysia, 1979 Sep;34(1):32-7.

PMID: 542148

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

A comparative study of malaria prophylaxis in peninsular Malaysia using chloroquine and a combination of sulphadoxine and pyrimethamine

Ponnampalam JT

J Trop Med Hyg, 1978 Oct;81(10):198-203.

PMID: 366165

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Single dose treatment with Tiberal of Giardia lamblia infection in children

Iyngkaran N, Lee IL, Robinson MJ

Scand. J. Infect. Dis., 1978;10(3):243-6.

PMID: 362519

A new metronidazole derivative, Tiberal (Ro-07-0207, Roche Laboratories), was evaluated in 22 children with Giardia lamblia infection. Seven patients received an oral dose of 1 g twice daily for one day; the remaining 15 patients received a single dose of 50 mg/kg. Parasitological cure was noted in all 22 patients. Significant side effects were observed only in those children who received the drug at the higher dosage regime. The present study also confirms the findings of other authors that a mucosal imprint method is more reliable than examination of stools, duodenal juice or jejunal biopsy material for the detection of G. lamblia infection.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Arbovirus infections in Sarawak, October 1968-February 1970: human serological studies in a land Dyak village

Bowen ET, Simpson DI, Platt GS, Way HJ, Bright WF, Day J, et al.

Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1975;69(2):182-6.

PMID: 809868

449 human sera collected in a Land Dyak village were tested for antibodies to 11 arboviruses. Japanese encephalitis and dengue virus antibodies were particularly prevalent. The rates of infection with these viruses were estimated to be 5-2% per annum for Japanese encephalitis, 8-8% for dengue 1 and 4-3% for dengue 2. Chikungunya virus antibodies were quite common with an annual infection rate of the order of 5% per annum. Infections with other Group A and B and Bunyamwera group viruses were generally at a low level.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Attendance at a child health clinic in Malaysia

Chen PC

J Trop Med Hyg, 1975 Jan;78(1):6-12.

PMID: 1121041

One hundred and ninety-nine children brought by 181 adults to a child health clinic based in a rural health sub-centre in Peninsular Malaysia are studied. It is noted that the families from which they come are relatively poor, with a large number of children, and that they are fairly highly motivated. Forty-four per cent of children attending the clinic at the time of the study are symptomatic indicating the need to organise the child health clinic on a "preventive-curative" basis. It is also noted that the young child is initially seen in early infancy but is lost to the clinic when he is older making it judicious to formulate immunization schedules that take this into account.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Single-dose and short course regimens of metronidazole in the treatment of amoebiasis in Malaysia

O'Holohan DR, Hugoe-Matthews J

Ann Trop Med Parasitol, 1972 Jun;66(2):181-6.

PMID: 4338870

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Providing maternal and child care in rural Malaysia

Chen PC

Trop Geogr Med, 1977 Dec;29(4):441-8.

PMID: 610030

Since Independence, gained in 1957, major changes have occurred in the rural areas of Malaysia not least amongst which has been the provision of maternal and child care services to hitherto neglected areas. In the first part of this paper, the demographic and disease patterns are described. The second part outlines the general development efforts and describes in greater detail the rural health services that have been organized in Malaysia. In the concluding section, changes in mortality and morbidity are examined.

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Serum thyrotropin levels of natives in Sarawak, Borneo Island

Ogihara T, Yamamoto T, Fukuchi M, Oki K

J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 1972 Nov;35(5):711-5.

PMID: 5071341

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Review of tuberculosis among the Orang Asli (Aborigines) in West Malaysia from 1951-1970

Bolton JM, Snelling MR

Med J Malaysia, 1975 Sep;30(1):10-29.

PMID: 813093

Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool

Displaying publications 2041 - 2060 of 2799 in total