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Isolation of Aggregatibacter aphrophilus from a patient with acute appendicitis

Aye AM, Law CW, Sabet NS, Karunakaran R, Hanifah YA, Jafar FL, et al.

Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 2011 Jul;15(7):845-7.
PMID: 21780555

Acute appendicitis is a common surgical emergency. The etiology and pathophysiology of appendicitis have been well investigated. Aggregatibacter aphrophilus is a fastidious gram-negative coccobacilli. Detection of this organism in clinical samples and its differentiation from Haemophilus aphrophilus or from Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in routine microbiology settings could be difficult.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Quantitative ultrasound measurement of the calcaneus in Southeast Asian children with thalassemia: comparison with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry

Sani FM, Sarji SA, Bilgen M

J Ultrasound Med, 2011 Jul;30(7):883-94.
PMID: 21705720

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that quantitative ultrasound properties of the calcaneus in Southeast Asian children treated for thalassemia have different characteristics than those of their healthy counterparts and thereby can be used for assessing the risk of osteoporosis.
METHODS: Broadband ultrasound attenuation and the speed of sound were measured from groups of thalassemic and healthy children and compared with bone mineral density (BMD) estimated from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry to determine intergroup and intragroup dependencies of the measurements and variations with differences in sex and anthropometric characteristics.
RESULTS: Broadband ultrasound attenuation and speed of sound measurements were found to be independent of sex but dependent on age in the thalassemic children. Consistently, broadband ultrasound attenuation had lower values and the speed of sound had higher values compared with those of the healthy children in each age group. Broadband ultrasound attenuation correlated well with the speed of sound and also with age, weight, and height, but the speed of sound did not show an association with these parameters. Broadband ultrasound attenuation correlated moderately with BMD in the lumbar spine and whole body, but the corresponding association was much weaker for the speed of sound. In the thalassemic children, both broadband ultrasound attenuation and BMD increased with age as they grew older but not fast enough compared with the healthy children, and the risk of osteoporosis was greater at older ages.
CONCLUSIONS: Calcaneal quantitative ultrasound may be used as a diagnostic screening tool for assessing the bone status in thalassemic Southeast Asian children and for deciding whether further dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry is needed, particularly in those who are at a greater risk for osteoporosis as identified by low body weight and height.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Fulltext Health related quality of life among Iraqi immigrants settled in Malaysia

Daher AM, Ibrahim HS, Daher TM, Anbori AK

BMC Public Health, 2011;11:407.
PMID: 21624118 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-407

Migrants everywhere face several demands for health and maintaining good health and quality of life could be challenging. Iraqis are the second largest refugee group that has sought refuge in the recent years, yet little is known about their health related quality of life (HRQOL). The study aims at assessing the HRQOL among Iraqis living in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
A comparison of factors associated with physical inactivity among East Asian college students

Seo DC, Torabi MR, Chin MK, Huang SF, Chen CK, Mok MM, et al.

Int J Behav Med, 2012 Sep;19(3):316-23.
PMID: 21562780 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-011-9167-4

BACKGROUND: Little is known on the level of physical inactivity and its behavioral and cultural correlates among East Asian college students.
PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to examine and compare the level and behavioral and cultural correlates of physical inactivity among college students in Taiwan, Hong Kong, South Korea, Singapore, and Malaysia.
METHOD: Data were collected from a representative sample of college students (N = 12,137) in five East Asian economies during the 2008-2009 academic year. The stratified random sampling (stratum: geographic region) was used to select participating institutions. The overall response rate was 77%.
RESULTS: The percentage of physically inactive students was 7.2% for Singapore, 8.0% for Malaysia, 13.5% for Taiwan, 16.8% for Hong Kong, and 28.5% for South Korea. When gender, age, and body mass index were controlled, fruit and vegetable consumptions were significant correlates for physical inactivity across all the five economies. In Hong Kong, Korea, and Taiwan, those who engaged in binge drinking at least once during the past 2 weeks were less likely to be physically inactive than those who did not. Religion and military experience did not independently predict physical inactivity in any of the five economies.
CONCLUSION: Physical inactivity varies greatly across different economies in East Asia that are usually grouped together and considered a single homogeneous entity by some researchers. However, in terms of correlates of physical inactivity, findings of the current study indicate that the transversal value of physical activity might be transformed into a universal.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Fulltext A pilot study on cytotoxic T lymphocyte-4 gene polymorphisms in urinary schistosomiasis

Idris ZM, Yazdanbakhsh M, Adegnika AA, Lell B, Issifou S, Noordin R

Genet Test Mol Biomarkers, 2012 Jun;16(6):488-92.
PMID: 22288822 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2011.0209

Urinary schistosomiasis is caused by the digenetic trematode Schistosoma haematobium, characterized by accumulation of eggs in the genitourinary tract. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) can play an important role in parasitic infection due to its major role as a negative regulator of T-cell activation and proliferation. This study was performed in patients with schistosomiasis and healthy controls to analyze the allele and genotype frequencies of four CTLA-4 gene polymorphisms. The CTLA-4 gene was amplified using Taqman real-time polymerase chain reaction, and allele and genotypes of 49 patients with schistosomiasis were analyzed using allelic discrimination analysis followed by subsequent direct sequencing. The results were compared with healthy control subjects. The frequencies of CTLA-4 rs733618 A allele at position -1722 (p=0.001), rs11571316 C allele at position -1577 (p<0.001), and rs231775 A allele at position +49 (p=0.002) in the patient group were significantly higher than the control group. The rs733618 AA genotype (p=0.001), rs11571316 CC genotype (p<0.001), and rs231775 AA genotype (p=0.007) were also significantly overrepresented. Meanwhile, rs733618 AG genotype (p=0.001), rs11571316 CT genotype (p=0.02), and rs231775 GG genotype (p=0.029) were significantly decreased in the patients with schistosomiasis, as compared with the controls. No significant difference was observed in both allele and genotype of rs16841252. The results of this study suggest that the rs733618, rs11571316, and rs231775 polymorphisms in the CTLA-4 gene may influence susceptibility to schistosomiasis infection in the Gabonese children.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Fulltext A survey on the initial management of spontaneous pneumothorax

Ismail T, Anshar MF, How SH, Hashim CW, Mohamad WH, Katiman D

Med J Malaysia, 2010 Sep;65(3):187-91.
PMID: 21939165

Spontaneous pneumothorax (SP) is a common medical condition but continues to be a frequent management problem among doctors. Despite the availability of guidelines on management of SP, studies have shown that the compliance with the guidelines is low. The various treatment options available in treating this condition further confuse doctors on the right approach in managing SP. The objective of this study is to investigate the awareness of the availability of these existing guidelines and to investigate how the doctors involved in the initial management of SP would manage this condition. A self completed questionnaire which included three case scenarios were distributed among doctors in two teaching university hospitals and two large Ministry of Health hospitals. This study showed that there is a lack of awareness of the existing guidelines even among the senior doctors and there is a variation in the initial management of SP. Therefore a locally produced guideline may be beneficial to standardise and improve the management of SP.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Fulltext Prevalence of diabetes in the Malaysian National Health Morbidity Survey III 2006

Letchuman GR, Wan Nazaimoon WM, Wan Mohamad WB, Chandran LR, Tee GH, Jamaiyah H, et al.

Med J Malaysia, 2010 Sep;65(3):180-6.
PMID: 21939164 MyJurnal

The Malaysian National Health Morbidity Survey III (NHMS III), conducted in 2006, was a cross-sectional household survey of the prevalence of chronic diseases, involving 34,539 respondents of age > or =18 years old, in all states of Malaysia. Data collection was by face-to-face interview. Those who self-professed not to be diabetics underwent finger-prick glucose test following at least 8 hours of fasting. The overall prevalence of diabetes mellitus (known and newly diagnosed) was 11.6%. The Indians had the highest prevalence of 19.9% followed by Malays 11.9% and Chinese 11.4%. The prevalence of people with known diabetes and newly diagnosed diabetes was 7.0% and 4.5% respectively. Impaired Fasting Glycaemia was found to be 4.2%. Majority (73.5%) of the patients used government healthcare facilities for their diabetic care. Usage of insulin alone or in combination was low at 7.2% of patients. Only 45.05% of known diabetics have ever had their eye examined. Amputees formed 4.3% of the patients with known diabetes while 3.4% had suffered a stroke event and 1.6% was on some form of renal replacement therapy.
Study name: National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS-2006)

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Fulltext Congenital cholesteatoma: delayed diagnosis and its consequences

Goh BS, Faizah AR, Salina H, Asma A, Saim L

Med J Malaysia, 2010 Sep;65(3):196-8.
PMID: 21939167

This is a retrospective review of congenital cholesteatoma cases that were managed surgically. There were 5 cases. The age of presentation ranged from 5 to 18 year old. Three patients presented with complication of the disease. Three patients had intact tympanic membrane, two had perforation at the anterior superior quadrant. All patients had cholesteatoma medial to tympanic membrane. Four cases had extensive ossicular erosion with preoperative hearing worse than 40 dB. Four cases underwent canal wall down mastoid surgery and one underwent canal wall up surgery. One patient had recurrence which required revision surgery. In conclusion, congenital cholesteatoma presented late due to the silent nature of disease in its early stage. Extensive disease, ossicular destruction with risk of complication at presentation were marked in our study. Hence, more aggressive surgical intervention is recommended in the management of congenital cholesteatoma.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Attitudes towards dysmenorrhoea, impact and treatment seeking among adolescent girls: a rural school-based survey

Wong LP

Aust J Rural Health, 2011 Aug;19(4):218-23.
PMID: 21771164 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1584.2011.01213.x

Study aimed to determine the prevalence of dysmenorrhoea, its impact, and treatment-seeking behaviour of rural adolescent girls in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Fulltext Contact lens--related corneal ulcer: a two-year review

Goh PP, Shamala R, Chandamalar S, Tai XY, National Eye Database Study Group

Med J Malaysia, 2010 Jun;65 Suppl A:120-3.
PMID: 21488471

To create a national registry of contact-lens related corneal ulcers (CLRCU) patients in Malaysia with the aim of detecting outbreaks, identifying pattern of causative organisms, determining patient demography, risk factors, wearing patterns and monitoring outcome of treatment. The CLRCU registry is an ongoing patient registry established in 2007 as a surveillance tool used by Malaysian Ministry of Health ophthalmology departments. Notification of patients clinically suspected of CLRCU was performed online through the National Eye Database (NED). Data collected included patient demography, contact lens type, causative organism and treatment outcome. During 2007-2008, a total of 202 patients were notified to the CLRCU registry with a mean age of 26.7 years (71.8% female). All registered patients wore soft contact lens and monthly disposable lenses were the most popular (83.5%). The majority of patients had bacterial CLRCU and the most common causative organism was Pseudomonas (79.7% of bacterial cases). No epidemics were identified during the period of data examination. Use of contact lenses, which is increasing during modern times, may lead to CLRCU as a severe complication. The CLRCU registry is an effective tool which uses a web-based notification system that allows quick and up to date reports of CLRCU cases. This provides the ability to monitor outbreaks of disease and identify important causative and associated factors of the disease which may be used to reduce future incidence.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Fulltext The validation of the EQ-5D in Malaysian dialysis patients

Faridah A, Jamaiyah H, Goh A, Soraya A

Med J Malaysia, 2010 Jun;65 Suppl A:114-9.
PMID: 21488470

The EQ-5D is a quality of life instrument that measures five dimensions of health. This study investigated the reliability and validity of its use in the Malaysian dialysis population. Test-retest reliability, convergent and discriminant validity were assessed. Responses of 86 subjects who completed both surveys were used in analysis. Test-retest reliability using Cohen's kappa was acceptable in four out of five dimensions, with the exception of self-care. Convergent validity was present. Discriminant validity was found in only two out of six hypotheses tested. In conclusion, the EQ-5D has potential in this population but further study is required.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Victimization experiences of adolescents in Malaysia

Choo WY, Dunne MP, Marret MJ, Fleming M, Wong YL

J Adolesc Health, 2011 Dec;49(6):627-34.
PMID: 22098774 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2011.04.020

There has been little community-based research regarding multiple-type victimization experiences of young people in Asia, and none in Malaysia. This study aimed to estimate prevalence, explore gender differences, as well as describe typical perpetrators and family and social risk factors among Malaysian adolescents.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Measurements of 222Rn activity concentration in domestic water sources in Penang, northern peninsular Malaysia

Muhammad BG, Jaafar MS, Azhar AR, Akpa TC

Radiat Prot Dosimetry, 2012 Apr;149(3):340-6.
PMID: 21642647 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncr230

Measurements of (222)Rn activity concentration were carried out in 39 samples collected from the domestic and drinking water sources used in the island and mainland of Penang, northern peninsular, Malaysia. The measured activity concentrations ranged from 7.49 to 26.25 Bq l(-1), 0.49 to 9.72 Bq l(-1) and 0.58 to 2.54 Bq l(-1) in the raw, treated and bottled water samples collected, respectively. This indicated relatively high radon concentrations compared with that from other parts of the world, which still falls below the WHO recommended treatment level of 100 Bq l(-1). From this data, the age-dependent associated committed effective doses due to the ingestion of (222)Rn as a consequence of direct consumption of drinking water were calculated. The committed effective doses from (222)Rn resulting from 1 y's consumption of these water were estimated to range from 0.003 to 0.048, 0.001 to 0.018 and 0.002 to 0.023 mSv y(-1), for age groups 0-1, 2-16 and >16 y, respectively.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Fulltext Arteriovenous malformation of the stomach: a rare cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding

Latar NH, Phang KS, Yaakub JA, Muhammad R

Med J Malaysia, 2011 Jun;66(2):142-3.
PMID: 22106696 MyJurnal

Haemorrhage arising from gastric arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is rare and normally occurs in the elderly. Bleeding gastric AVM presenting in the younger age group is even rarer. We report a case of a 14 year old boy who presented with recurrent episodes of haematemesis. He subsequently underwent a proximal gastrectomy and the histological examination confirmed a gastric AVM. After reviewing the literature we believe this is the youngest ever reported case of bleeding gastric AVM reported in English literature.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Fulltext Care of severe head injury patients in the Sarawak General Hospital: intensive care unit versus general ward

Sim SK, Lim SL, Lee HK, Liew D, Wong A

Med J Malaysia, 2011 Jun;66(2):138-41.
PMID: 22106695 MyJurnal

Intensive care for severe head injury patients is very important in the prevention and treatment of secondary brain injury. However, in a resources constraint environment and limited availability of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) beds in the hospitals, not all severe head injury patients will receive ICU care. This prospective study is aimed to evaluate the outcome of severe head injured patients who received ICU and general ward care in Sarawak General Hospital (SGH) over a 6-month period. A total of thirty five severe head injury patients were admitted. Twenty three patients (65.7%) were ventilated in general ward whereas twelve patients (34.3%) were ventilated in ICU. Overall one month mortality in this study was 25.7%. Patients who received ICU care had a lower one month mortality than those who received general ward care (16.7% vs 30.4%), although it was not statistically different. Multivariate analysis revealed only GCS on admission (OR 0.731; 95% CI 0.460 to 0.877; P=0.042) as the independent predictive factor for one month mortality in this study.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Two closely spaced nonsense mutations in the DMD gene in a Malaysian family

Rani AQ, Malueka RG, Sasongko TH, Awano H, Lee T, Yagi M, et al.

Mol Genet Metab, 2011 Jul;103(3):303-4.
PMID: 21514860 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2011.04.002

In Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), identification of one nonsense mutation in the DMD gene has been considered an endpoint of genetic diagnosis. Here, we identified two closely spaced nonsense mutations in the DMD gene. In a Malaysian DMD patient two nonsense mutations (p.234S>X and p.249Q>X, respectively) were identified within exon 8. The proband's mother carried both mutations on one allele. Multiple mutations may explain the occasional discrepancies between genotype and phenotype in dystrophinopathy.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Neuroendocrine tumor in choledochal cyst--case report and review of literature

Dahiya D, Raman K, Singh H

Pol Przegl Chir, 2011 Nov;83(11):627-9.
PMID: 22246096 DOI: 10.2478/v10035-011-0099-0

The report presents a rare case of carcinoid tumor in a 17 year female who presented with epigastric pain of one week duration. She was diagnosed to have type I choledochal cyst on abdominal ultrasound and MRI. She underwent total excision of choledochal cyst with roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. Histopathological examination revealed a neuroendocrine tumor within choledochal cyst which was immunoreactive for Chromogranin A. Patient is well at 6 months of follow up. These tumors are characteristically slow-growing, therefore awareness of its presence preoperatively can facilitate optimal management by performing surgical resection with negative margins which offers the best chance of long-term survival.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Fulltext Prevalence, distribution and correlates of tobacco smoking and chewing in Nepal: a secondary data analysis of Nepal Demographic and Health Survey-2006

Sreeramareddy CT, Ramakrishnareddy N, Harsha Kumar H, Sathian B, Arokiasamy JT

Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy, 2011;6:33.
PMID: 22185233 DOI: 10.1186/1747-597X-6-33

BACKGROUND: Nearly four-fifths of estimated 1.1 million smokers live in low or middle-income countries. We aimed to provide national estimates for Nepal on tobacco use prevalence, its distribution across demographic, socio-economic and spatial variables and correlates of tobacco use.
METHODS: A secondary data analysis of 2006 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) was done. A representative sample of 9,036 households was selected by two-stage stratified, probability proportional to size (PPS) technique. We constructed three outcome variables 'tobacco smoke', 'tobacco chewer' and 'any tobacco use' based on four questions about tobacco use that were asked in DHS questionnaires. Socio-economic, demographic and spatial predictor variables were used. We computed overall prevalence for 'tobacco smoking', 'tobacco chewing' and 'any tobacco use' i.e. point estimates of prevalence rates, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) after adjustment for strata and clustering at primary sampling unit (PSU) level. For correlates of tobacco use, we used multivariate analysis to calculate adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and their 95% CIs. A p-value < 0.05 was considered as significant.
RESULTS: Total number of households, eligible women and men interviewed was 8707, 10793 and 4397 respectively. The overall prevalence for 'any tobacco use', 'tobacco smoking' and 'tobacco chewing' were 30.3% (95% CI 28.9, 31.7), 20.7% (95% CI 19.5, 22.0) and 14.6% (95% CI 13.5, 15.7) respectively. Prevalence among men was significantly higher than women for 'any tobacco use' (56.5% versus 19.6%), 'tobacco smoking' (32.8% versus 15.8%) and 'tobacco chewing' (38.0% versus 5.0%). By multivariate analysis, older adults, men, lesser educated and those with lower wealth quintiles were more likely to be using all forms of tobacco. Divorced, separated, and widowed were more likely to smoke (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.14, 1.94) and chew tobacco (OR 1.36, 95% CI 0.97, 1.93) as compared to those who were currently married. Prevalence of 'tobacco chewing' was higher in eastern region (19.7%) and terai/plains (16.2%). 'Tobacco smoking' and 'any tobacco use' were higher in rural areas, mid-western and far western and mountainous areas.
CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of tobacco use is considerably high among Nepalese people. Demographic and socioeconomic determinants and spatial distribution should be considered while planning tobacco control interventions.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Exploring the general motor ability construct

Ibrahim H, Heard NP, Blanksby B

Percept Mot Skills, 2011 Oct;113(2):491-508.
PMID: 22185064

Malaysian students ages 12 to 15 years (N = 330; 165 girls, 165 boys) took the Australian Institute of Sport Talent Identification Test (AIST) and the Balance and Movement Coordination Test (BMC), developed specifically to identify sport talent in Malaysian adolescents. To investigate evidence for general aptitude ("g") in motor ability, a higher-order factor analysis was applied to the motor skills subtests from the AIST and BMC. First-order principal components analysis indicated that scores for the adolescent boys and girls could be described by similar sets of specific motor abilities. In particular, sets of skills identified as Movement Coordination and Postural Control were found, with Balancing Ability also emerging. For the girls, a factor labeled Static Balance was indicated. However, for the boys a more general balance ability labeled Kinesthetic Integration was found, along with an ability labeled Explosive Power. These first-order analyses accounted for 45% to 60% of the variance in the scores on the motor skills tests for the boys and girls, respectively. Separate second-order factor analyses for the boys and girls extracted a single higher-order factor, which was consistent with the existence of a motoric "g".

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
Fulltext The association between GJB2 mutation and GJB6 gene in non syndromic hearing loss school children

Asma A, Ashwaq A, Norzana AG, Atmadini AM, Ruszymah BH, Saim L, et al.

Med J Malaysia, 2011 Jun;66(2):124-8.
PMID: 22106692 MyJurnal

Recently, molecular testing for GJB2 mutations has become the standard of care for the diagnosis of patients with non syndromic hearing impairment of unknown cause. The aims of this study are to determine the association between GJB2 mutation and GJB6 and to report the variation of mutations in deaf students who have heterozygous GJB2. This retrospective study was conducted at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center (UKMMC). Data was collected from previous files and records from Tissue Engineering and Human Genetic Research Group Laboratory. Approval from Ethical Committee was obtained prior to the study. A total of 138 students have been screened in previous studies in UKMMC for the presence of GJB2 mutations as a cause for hearing loss. Thirty four of the 138 subjects have GJB2 mutations; 2 showed homozygous mutations whereas another 32 were heterozygous for GJB2 gene mutation. Only 31 DNA samples of students presented with sensorineural hearing loss with heterozygous mutation in GJB2 gene were included in this study. The sequencing results obtained were analyzed. The degree of hearing loss of those students with association between GJB2 mutation and GJB6 mutation will be discussed. Five out of 31 subjects (16.2%) have mutations in their GJB6 gene, suggesting a digenic inheritance of GJB2/GJB6 mutation. In total, four novel mutations were identified; E137D (n=1), R32Q (n=1), E101K (n=1) and Y156H (n=1) and one mutation deletion; 366delT (n=1). All students with association GJB2 mutation and GJB6 showed severe to profound hearing loss in both ears. Interestingly this study not detected the large deletion of 342 kb in GJB6 gene suggesting that the mutation is very rare in this region compared to certain parts of the world.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent

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