Displaying publications 201 - 220 of 402 in total

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  1. Derivation of cochlea hair cell for in vitro expansion and characterization
    Ibnubaidah MA, Chua KH, Mazita A, Azida ZN, Aminuddin BS, Ruszymah BH, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2008 Jul;63 Suppl A:115-6.
    PMID: 19025012
    A potential cure for hearing loss would be to regenerate hair cells by stimulating cells of the damaged inner ear sensory epithelia to proliferate and differentiate into hair cells. Here, we investigated the possibility to isolate, culture-expand and characterize the cells from the cochlea membrane of adult mice. Our results showed that the cultured cells isolated from mouse cochlea membrane were heterogenous in nature. Morphologically there were epithelial like cells, hair cell like, nerve cell like and fibroblastic cells observed in the culture. The cultured cells were immunopositive for specific hair cell markers including Myosin 7a, Calretinin and Espin.
  2. Stem cell genes are poorly expressed in chondrocytes from microtic cartilage
    Ishak MF, Chua KH, Asma A, Saim L, Aminuddin BS, Ruszymah BH, et al.
    Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 2011 Jun;75(6):835-40.
    PMID: 21543123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2011.03.021
    This study was aimed to see the difference between chondrocytes from normal cartilage compared to chondrocytes from microtic cartilage. Specific attentions were to characterize the growth of chondrocytes in terms of cell morphology, growth profile and RT-PCR analysis.
  3. Fulltext Bone graft substitute using hydroxyapatite scaffold seeded with tissue engineered autologous osteoprogenitor cells in spinal fusion: early result in a sheep model
    Tan KK, Tan GH, Shamsul BS, Chua KH, Ng MHA, Ruszymah BHI, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2005 Jul;60 Suppl C:53-8.
    PMID: 16381285
    Spinal fusion using autologous bone graft is performed in an increasing rate for many spinal disorders. However, graft harvesting procedure is associated with prolonged operation time and potential donor site morbidity. We produced an engineered 'bone graft' substitute by using porous hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffold seeded with autologous bone marrow osteoprogenitor cells (OPCs) and fibrin. This obviates bone graft harvesting, thus eliminates donor site morbidity and shortens the operation time. The aim of this study is to evaluate Hydroxyapatite (HA) ceramics as scaffold for autologous tissue engineered bone construct for spinal fusion in a sheep model. The sheep's marrow was aspirated from iliac crest. The bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) were cultured for several passages in the presence of growth and differentiation factors to increase the number of OPCs. After the cultures reached confluence, they were trypsinized and seeded on Hydroxyapatite scaffold (HA). Approximately 5 million cells were generated after 3 weeks of culture. Microscopically, very tight Colony Forming Units (CFU-Fs) were seen on monolayer culture. The Von Kossa and Alizarin Red staining of monolayer culture showed positive mineralization areas; indicating the presence of OPCs. Sheep underwent a posterolateral spinal fusion in which scaffolds with or without OPCs seeded were implanted on both sides of the lumbar spine (L1-L2). Intended fusion segments were immobilized using wires. At the end of third month, the fusion constructs were harvested for histological examination. Fibrous tissue infiltration found in the inter-connecting pores of plain HA ceramics indicates inefficient new bone regeneration. New bone was found surrounding the HA ceramics seeded with autologous cells. The new bone is probably formed by the sheep BMMSCs that were initially encapsulating HA while it remained intact. The new bone is naturally fused with the vertebrae. In conclusion, the incorporation of autologous bone marrow cells improved the effectiveness of HA ceramics as 'bone graft' substitute for spinal fusion.
  4. Pediatric auricular chondrocytes gene expression analysis in monolayer culture and engineered elastic cartilage
    Ruszymah BH, Lokman BS, Asma A, Munirah S, Chua K, Mazlyzam AL, et al.
    Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 2007 Aug;71(8):1225-34.
    PMID: 17531328
    This study was aimed at regenerating autologous elastic cartilage for future use in pediatric ear reconstruction surgery. Specific attentions were to characterize pediatric auricular chondrocyte growth in a combination culture medium and to assess the possibility of elastic cartilage regeneration using human fibrin.
  5. Fulltext Knowledge and awareness regarding osteoporosis among multi ethnic people attending the orthopaedic clinic at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre
    Zaris SNABSM, Ahmad MSB, Mohamed SZB, Shuid ANB, Mohamed INB, Mokhtar SAB
    Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2016;16(3):166-175.
    Malaysia is a multi-ethnic country with an osteoporosis prevalence of 24.1% in 2005. Only few study reported on osteoporosis awareness. Aim of this study was to investigate the awareness and knowledge regarding osteoporosis among persons attending orthopaedic clinic at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur. A total of 368 participants (male and female) aged 20 years old or older, was assessed using the Osteoporosis Questionnaire (OPQ). The mean total OPQ score was 1.7 (SD ± 3.08; range -5 to 9; maximum possible score 20). Subjects with family history of osteoporosis and high education level were found to have significantly higher OPQ scores (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) with respect to different age groups, gender, ethnicities, and menopausal status. The main source of osteoporosis knowledge was magazine/newspaper (45.9%). An overall low score indicates that new strategies to increase awareness of osteoporosis among the public is urgently required.
  6. The evaluation of cartilage differentiations using transforming growth factor beta3 alone and with combination of bone morphogenetic protein-6 on adult stem cells
    Ude CC, Chen HC, Norhamdan MY, Azizi BM, Aminuddin BS, Ruszymah BHI
    Cell Tissue Bank, 2017 Sep;18(3):355-367.
    PMID: 28667462 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-017-9638-1
    In our quest to standardize our formula for a clinical trial, transforming growth factor-beta3 (TGF-β3) alone and in combination with bone morphogenetic protein-6 (BMP-6) were evaluated for their effectiveness in cartilage differentiation. Bone Marrow Stem Cells (BMSCs) and Adipose Derived Stem Cells (ADSCs) were induced to chondrogenic lineage using two different media. Native chondrocytes served as positive control. ADSCs and BMSCs proved multipotency by tri-lineage differentiations. ADSC has significantly higher growth kinetics compare to Chondrocyte only p ≤ 0.05. Using TGF-β3 alone, BMSC revealed higher expressions for hyaline cartilage genes compare to ADSCs. Chondrocyte has significantly higher early chondrogenic markers expression to ADSCs and BMSCs, while BMSCs was only higher to ADSC at chondroadherin, p ≤ 0.0001. On mature chondrogenic markers, chondrocytes were significantly higher to ADSCs and BMSCs for aggrecan, collagen IX, sry (sex determining region y)-box9, collagen II and fibromodullin; and only to ADSC for collagen XI. BMSC was higher to ADSC for aggrecan and collagen IX, p ≤ 0.0001. The combination of TGF-β3 + BMP-6 revealed increased gene expressions on both BMSCs and ADSCs for early and mature chondrogenic markers, but no significance difference. For dedifferentiation markers, ADSC was significantly higher to chondrocyte for collagen I. Glycosaminoglycan evaluations with both formulas revealed that chondrocytes were significantly higher to ADSCs and BMSCs, but none was significant to each other, p ≤ 0.0001. Combination of 10 ng TGF-β3 with 10 ng of BMP-6 enhanced chondrogenic potentials of BMSCs and ADSCs compare to TGF-β3 alone. This could be the ideal cocktail for either cell's chondrogenic induction.
  7. Pharmacometabonomics Technique to Identify Warfarin Response Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
    Bawadikji AA, Teh CH, Kader MABSA, Sulaiman SAS, Ibrahim B
    Curr Pharm Biotechnol, 2017;18(9):740-747.
    PMID: 29110602 DOI: 10.2174/1389201018666171103141828
    BACKGROUND: Warfarin, an anticoagulant medication, is prescribed regularly despite of its bleeding tendency for the prevention and/or treatment of various thromboembolic conditions, such as deep vein thrombosis, and complications associated with atrial fibrillation, and myocardial infarction, but because of its narrow therapeutic window, it has a lot of interactions with drugs and diet.

    METHODS: Warfarin relies on regular monitoring of International Normalized Ratio which is a standardized test to measure prothrombin time and appropriate dose adjustment. Pharmacometabonomics is a novel scientific field which deals with identification and quantification of the metabolites present in the metabolome using spectroscopic techniques such as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). Pharmacometabonomics helps to indicate perturbation in the levels of metabolites in the cells and tissues due to drug or ingestion of any substance. NMR is one of the most widely-used spectroscopic techniques in metabolomics because of its reproducibility and speed.

    RESULTS: There are many factors that influence the metabolism of warfarin, making changes in drug dosage common, and clinical factors like drug-drug interactions, dietary interactions and age explain for the most part the variability in warfarin dosing. Some studies have showed that pharmacogenetic testing for warfarin dosing does not improve health outcomes, and around 26% of the variation in warfarin dose requirements remains unexplained yet.

    CONCLUSION: Many recent pharmacometabonomics studies have been conducted to identify novel biomarkers of drug therapies such as paracetamol, aspirin and simvastatin. Thus, a technique such as NMR based pharmacometabonomics to find novel biomarkers in plasma and urine might be useful to predict warfarin outcome.

  8. Fulltext Bis(N'-{(E)-[(2E)-1,3-di-phenyl-prop-2-en-1-yl-idene]amino}-N-ethyl-carbamimido-thio-ato-κ2N',S)zinc(II): crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis
    Tan MY, Crouse KA, Ravoof TBSA, Jotani MM, Tiekink ERT
    Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun, 2017 Jul 01;73(Pt 7):1001-1008.
    PMID: 28775870 DOI: 10.1107/S2056989017008064
    The title ZnII complex, [Zn(C18H18N3S)2], (I), features two independent but chemically equivalent mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit. In each, the thio-semicarbazonate monoanion coordinates the ZnII atom via the thiol-ate-S and imine-N atoms, with the resulting N2S2 donor set defining a distorted tetra-hedral geometry. The five-membered ZnSCN2 chelate rings adopt distinct conformations in each independent mol-ecule, i.e. one ring is almost planar while the other is twisted about the Zn-S bond. In the crystal, the two mol-ecules comprising the asymmetric unit are linked by amine-N-H⋯N(imine) and amine-N-H⋯S(thiol-ate) hydrogen bonds via an eight-membered heterosynthon, {⋯HNCN⋯HNCS}. The dimeric aggregates are further consolidated by benzene-C-H⋯S(thiol-ate) inter-actions and are linked into a zigzag supra-molecular chain along the c axis via amine-N-H⋯S(thiol-ate) hydrogen bonds. The chains are connected into a three-dimensional architecture via phenyl-C-H⋯π(phen-yl) and π-π inter-actions, the latter occurring between chelate and phenyl rings [inter-centroid separation = 3.6873 (11) Å]. The analysis of the Hirshfeld surfaces calculated for (I) emphasizes the different inter-actions formed by the independent mol-ecules in the crystal and the impact of the π-π inter-actions between chelate and phenyl rings.
  9. Fulltext Influencing factors for household water quality improvement in reducing diarrhoea in resource-limited areas
    Zin T, Mudin KD, Myint T, Naing DKS, Sein T, Shamsul BS
    WHO South East Asia J Public Health, 2013 Jan-Mar;2(1):6-11.
    PMID: 28612817 DOI: 10.4103/2224-3151.115828
    BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Water and sanitation are major public health issues exacerbated by rapid population growth, limited resources, disasters and environmental depletion. This study was undertaken to study the influencing factors for household water quality improvement for reducing diarrhoea in resource-limited areas.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were collected from articles and reviews from relevant randomized controlled trials, new articles, systematic reviews and meta-analyses from PubMed, World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) and WELL Resource Centre For Water, Sanitation And Environmental Health.

    DISCUSSION: Water quality on diarrhoea prevention could be affected by contamination during storage, collection and even at point-of-use. Point-of-use water treatment (household-based) is the most cost-effective method for prevention of diarrhoea. Chemical disinfection, filtration, thermal disinfection, solar disinfection and flocculation and disinfection are five most promising household water treatment methodologies for resource-limited areas.

    CONCLUSION: Promoting household water treatment is most essential for preventing diarrhoeal disease. In addition, the water should be of acceptable taste, appropriate for emergency and non-emergency use.
  10. Quality of life and recurrence of disease in patients with eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic 1 chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis
    Khairuddin NK, Salina H, Gendeh BS, Wan Hamizan AK, Lund VJ
    Med J Malaysia, 2018 Feb;73(1):1-6.
    PMID: 29531195
    OBJECTIVE: To assess the quality of life (QoL) and recurrence of disease in patients with eosinophilic (ECRSwNP) and non-eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (non-ECRSwNP) post endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS).

    METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional comparative study was carried out in the Otorhinolaryngology - HNS Department, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center (UKMMC). Subjective assessments of nasal symptoms and quality of life (QoL) using SNOT-22 and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and objective endoscopic assessment was undertaken using a modified Hadley endoscopic examination.

    RESULTS: There was no significant statistical difference in the quality of life between the ECRSwNP and non-ECRSwNP groups as evidenced by the SNOT-22 score and the VAS comparison (p>0.05). However, there was a significant difference in terms of recurrence of disease with the presence of nasal polyps on endoscopic examination. (p = 0.016) CONCLUSION: In conclusion, we found that there is no significant difference in QoL between ECRSwNP and non- ECRSwNP. There is higher frequency of recurrence of nasal polyps amongst ECRSwNP.

  11. Fulltext Shelf Life Evaluation of Clinical Grade Chondrogenic Induced Aged Adult Stem Cells for Cartilage Regeneration
    Ude CC, Seet WT, Sharen Aini S, Aminuddin BS, Ruszymah BHI
    Sci Rep, 2018 03 12;8(1):4345.
    PMID: 29531282 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22748-1
    The study objectives include, enhancing the proliferations of aged bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) and adipose stem cells (ADSCs); and evaluating the shelf lives of clinical grade chondrogenically induced cells from both samples. ADSCs and BMSCs from 56 patients (76 ± 8 yrs) were proliferated using basal medium (FD) and at (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25) ng/ml of basal fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). They were induced to chondrogenic lineage and stored for more than 120 hrs in FD, serum, Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline (DPBS) and saline at 4 °C. In FD, cells stagnated and BMSCs' population doubling time (PDT) was 137 ± 30 hrs, while ADSCs' was 129.7 ± 40 hrs. bFGF caused PDT's decrease to 24.5 ± 5.8 hrs in BMSCs and 22.0 ± 6.5 hrs in ADSCs (p = 0.0001). Both cells were positive to stem cell markers before inductions and thereafter, expressed significantly high chondrogenic genes (p = 0.0001). On shelf life, both cells maintained viabilities and counts above 70% in FD and serum after 120 hrs. BMSCs' viabilities in DPBS fell below 70% after 96 hrs and saline after 72 hrs. ADSCs' viability fell below 70% in DPBS after 24 hrs and saline within 24 hrs. Concentrations between 20 ng/ml bFGF is ideal for aged adult cells' proliferation and delivery time of induced BMSCs and ADSCs can be 120 hrs in 4 °C serum.
  12. Fulltext 1-{(E)-[(2E)-3-(4-Meth-oxy-phen-yl)-1-phenyl-prop-2-en-1-yl-idene]amino}-3-phenyl-urea: crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis
    Tan MY, Crouse KA, Ravoof TBSA, Jotani MM, Tiekink ERT
    Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun, 2017 Nov 01;73(Pt 11):1607-1611.
    PMID: 29152334 DOI: 10.1107/S2056989017014128
    The title compound, C23H21N3O2, is constructed about an almost planar disubstituted amino-urea residue (r.m.s. deviation = 0.0201 Å), which features an intra-molecular amine-N-H⋯N(imine) hydrogen bond. In the 'all-trans' chain connecting this to the terminal meth-oxy-benzene residue, the conformation about each of the imine and ethyl-ene double bonds is E. In the crystal, amide-N-H⋯O(carbon-yl) hydrogen bonds connect centrosymmetrically related mol-ecules into dimeric aggregates, which also incorporate ethyl-ene-C-H⋯O(amide) inter-actions. The dimers are linked by amine-phenyl-C-H⋯π(imine-phen-yl) and meth-oxy-benzene-C-H⋯π(amine-phen-yl) inter-actions to generate a three-dimensional network. The importance of C-H⋯π inter-actions in the mol-ecular packing is reflected in the relatively high contributions made by C⋯H/H⋯C contacts to the Hirshfeld surface, i.e. 31.6%.
  13. Fulltext 3-{(E)-[4-(4-Hy-droxy-3-meth-oxy-phen-yl)butan-2-yl-idene]amino}-1-phenyl-urea: crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis
    Tan MY, Crouse KA, Ravoof TBSA, Jotani MM, Tiekink ERT
    Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun, 2018 Jan 01;74(Pt 1):21-27.
    PMID: 29416884 DOI: 10.1107/S2056989017017273
    Two independent mol-ecules (A and B) comprise the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C18H21N3O3. The urea moiety is disubstituted with one amine being linked to a phenyl ring, which is twisted out of the plane of the CN2O urea core [dihedral angles = 25.57 (11) (A) and 29.13 (10)° (B)]. The second amine is connected to an imine (E conformation), which is linked in turn to an ethane bridge that links a disubstituted benzene ring. Intra-molecular amine-N-H⋯N(imine) and hydroxyl-O-H⋯O(meth-oxy) hydrogen bonds close S(5) loops in each case. The mol-ecules have twisted conformations with the dihedral angles between the outer rings being 38.64 (81) (A) and 48.55 (7)° (B). In the crystal, amide-N-H⋯O(amide) hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules A and B via an eight-membered {⋯HNCO}2 synthon. Further associations between mol-ecules, leading to supra-molecular layers in the ac plane, are hydrogen bonds of the type hydroxyl-O-H⋯N(imine) and phenyl-amine-N-H⋯O(meth-oxy). Connections between layers, leading to a three-dimensional architecture, comprise benzene-C-H⋯O(hy-droxy) inter-actions. A detailed analysis of the calculated Hirshfeld surfaces shows mol-ecules A and B participate in very similar inter-molecular inter-actions and that any variations relate to conformational differences between the mol-ecules.
  14. Fulltext S-Benzyl 3-[1-(6-methyl-pyridin-2-yl)ethyl-idene]di-thio-carbazate: crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis
    Omar SA, Chah CK, Ravoof TBSA, Jotani MM, Tiekink ERT
    Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun, 2018 Feb 01;74(Pt 2):261-266.
    PMID: 29850067 DOI: 10.1107/S2056989018001330
    In the title di-thio-carbazate ester, C16H17N3S2 (systematic name: (Z)-{[(benzyl-sulfan-yl)methane-thio-yl]amino}[1-(6-methyl-pyridin-2-yl)ethyl-idene]amine), the central methyl-idenehydrazinecarbodi-thio-ate (C2N2S2) core is almost planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.0111 Å) and forms dihedral angles of 71.67 (3)° with the approximately orthogonally inclined thio-ester phenyl ring, and 7.16 (7)° with the approximately coplanar substituted pyridyl ring. The latter arrangement and the Z configuration about the imine-C=N bond allows for the formation of an intra-molecular hydrazine-N-H⋯N(pyrid-yl) hydrogen bond that closes an S(6) loop. In the crystal, phenyl-C-H⋯S(thione), methyl-ene-C-H⋯π(pyrid-yl), methyl-ene- and phenyl-C-H⋯π(phen-yl) contacts connect mol-ecules into supra-molecular layers propagating in the bc plane; the layers stack along the a axis with no directional inter-actions between them. The analysis of the Hirshfeld surface indicates the relative importance of an intra-layer phenyl-H⋯H(pyrid-yl) contact upon the mol-ecular packing.
  15. Fulltext Bis(4-meth-oxy-chalcone 4-ethyl-thio-semi-carbazon-ato-κ2N1,S)zinc(II): crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis
    Tan MY, Crouse KA, Ravoof TBSA, Jotani MM, Tiekink ERT
    Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun, 2018 Feb 01;74(Pt 2):151-157.
    PMID: 29850043 DOI: 10.1107/S2056989018000282
    The title ZnII complex, [Zn(C19H20N3OS)2] {systematic name: bis-[(N-ethyl-N'-{(Z)-[(2E)-3-(4-meth-oxy-phen-yl)-1-phenyl-prop-2-en-1-yl-idene]amino}-carb-am-im-id-o-yl)sulfanido]zinc(II)}, features a tetra-hedrally coordinated ZnII ion within an N2S2 donor set provided by two N,S-chelating thio-semicarbazone anions. The resulting five-membered Zn,C,N2,S chelate rings adopt different conformations, i.e. almost planar and an envelope with the Zn atom being the flap atom. The configuration about the imine bond within the chelate ring is Z but those about the exocyclic imine and ethyl-ene bonds are E. In the crystal, supra-molecular [100] chains mediated by thio-amide-N-H⋯S(thione) hydrogen bonds and eight-membered thio-amide {⋯HNCS}2 synthons are observed. A range of inter-actions, including C-H⋯O, C-H⋯π, C-H⋯π(chelate ring) and π(meth-oxy-benzene)-π(chelate ring) consolidate the packing. The Hirshfeld surface analysis performed on the title complex also indicates the influence of the inter-actions involving the chelate rings upon the packing along with the more conventional contacts.
  16. Internal carotid artery injury during endonasal sinus surgery: our experience and review of the literature
    Lum SG, Gendeh BS, Husain S, Gendeh HS, Ismail MR, Toh CJ, et al.
    Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital, 2019 Apr;39(2):130-136.
    PMID: 30745587 DOI: 10.14639/0392-100X-1312
  17. Guidelines for reporting the quality of clinical case reports in Endodontics: a development protocol
    Nagendrababu V, Chong BS, McCabe P, Shah PK, Priya E, Jayaraman J, et al.
    Int Endod J, 2019 Jun;52(6):775-778.
    PMID: 30586165 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13067
    Case reports are used to communicate interesting, new or rare condition/s, innovative treatment approaches or novel techniques. Apart from informing readers, such information has the potential to contribute towards further scientific studies and the development of newer management modalities. In that context, it is important that case reports are presented accurately and deliver all the necessary and pertinent information to the reader. Reporting guidelines are used to inform authors of the quality standards required to ensure their manuscripts are accurate, complete and transparent. The aim of this project is to develop and disseminate new guidelines - Preferred Reporting Items for Case reports in Endodontics (PRICE). The primary aim is to aid authors when constructing case reports in the field of Endodontics to ensure the highest possible reporting standards are adopted. The project leaders (PD and VN) formed a steering committee comprising six additional members. Subsequently, a five-phase consensus process will be used. The steering committee will develop the PRICE guidelines (PRICE checklist and flow chart) by identifying relevant items (quality standards) derived from the CAse REport guidelines and Clinical and Laboratory Images in Publications principles, focussing on the content of case reports. Following this, the steering committee will identify a PRICE Delphi Group (PDG) consisting of 30 members including academicians, practitioners, and members of the public. The individual items (components) of the PRICE checklist will be evaluated by the PDG based on a 9-point Likert scale. Only items scored between 7 and 9 by 70% or more members will be included in the draft checklist. The Delphi process will be continued until a consensus is reached and a final set of items agreed by the PDG members. Following this, a PRICE Face-to-Face meeting group (PFMG) will be formed with 20 members to achieve a final consensus. The final consensus-based checklist and flow chart will be evaluated and approved by selected members of the PDG and PFMG. The approved PRICE guidelines will be published in relevant journals and disseminated via contacts in academic institutions and national endodontic societies, as well as being presented at scientific/clinical meetings.
  18. Inhaled Foreign Body Impaction: A Review of Literature in Malaysian Children
    Gendeh BS, Gendeh HS, Purnima S, Comoretto RI, Gregori D, Gulati A
    Indian J Pediatr, 2019 Jan;86(Suppl 1):20-24.
    PMID: 30623311 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-018-2824-8
    Foreign body aspiration in children is a problem that can lead to several complications, including death. In this retrospective publication review from 1970 to 2015, there were altogether 42 Malaysian children below the age of 15 y reported with foreign body (FB) ingestion. There were 31 boys and 11 girls between 2 and 177 mo of age. The incidence of FB ingestion in children varied with dietary practices. Peanut was the most common food-related substance inhaled followed by watermelon seed and coconut kernel. The most common non-food related substances were metal objects (toys, springs, hair clips) and plastic objects (ballpoint tips, pencil caps and whistles). Successful removal of FB by bronchoscopy is achieved in the vast majority of cases except for a case of impacted whistle inhalation and a neglected laryngeal FB which required a tracheostomy. One child required thoracotomy for the removal of a peanut in the right bronchus. The incidence of food-related substance inhalation was more common than non-food related substance (30:7). From this review, the key messages are two: first, prevention can be achieved by educating parents not to allow access to small objects or dangerous foods to children below 3 y age; Second, emergency first aid home measures, in the combination form of back blows in the head down position and chest or abdominal thrusts, should be early performed according to the pediatric age group and can be quite effective.
  19. Benthic foraminifera as potential ecological proxies for environmental monitoring in coastal regions: A study on the Beypore estuary, Southwest coast of India
    Sreenivasulu G, Praseetha BS, Daud NR, Varghese TI, Prakash TN, Jayaraju N
    Mar Pollut Bull, 2019 Jan;138:341-351.
    PMID: 30660283 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.11.058
    The benthic foraminiferal diversity index was computed from Beypore estuary sediments. The abundance and diversity of Quinqueloculina lata, Textularia agglutinans, Haplophagmoides canariensis, and Quinqueloculina stelligera were dominated by stress-tolerant taxa such as Ammonia tepida, A.parkinsoniana, Nonion grateloupi, and N. scaphum in the estuary. The small-size foraminifera probably perished in a juvenile stage because of the high temperature and low salinity that prevailed in the ecosystem. The dominance of stress tolerant benthic foraminifera and absence of Elphidium species in the estuary suggest the prevalence of hypoxic (low-oxygen) conditions. The consistent low-diversity index of foraminifera indicates that the ecosystem is moderate to highly stressed ecologically in the Beypore estuary. The application of benthic foraminifera as a bioindicator for assessing the environmental stress in the Beypore estuary is key in monitoring these fragile coastal ecosystems.
  20. Fulltext Pathogenicity of Nipah henipavirus Bangladesh in a swine host
    Kasloff SB, Leung A, Pickering BS, Smith G, Moffat E, Collignon B, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2019 03 26;9(1):5230.
    PMID: 30914663 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40476-y
    In 1998 an outbreak of fatal encephalitis among pig farm workers in Malaysia and Singapore led to the discovery of Nipah henipavirus (NiV), a novel paramyxovirus closely related to Hendra henipavirus with case fatality rates of nearly 40%. Following its initial emergence nearly annual outbreaks of NiV have occurred in Bangladesh with a different, NiV Bangladesh, genotype, where the role of pigs in its transmission remains unknown. The present study provides the first report on susceptibility of domestic pigs to NiV Bangladesh following experimental infection, characterizing acute and long-term phases of disease and pathogenesis. All pigs were successfully infected with NiV Bangladesh following oronasal inoculation, with viral shedding confirmed by a novel genotype-specific qRT-PCR in oral, nasal and rectal excretions and dissemination from the upper respiratory tract to the brain, lungs, and associated lymphatic tissues. Unlike previous NiV Malaysia findings in pigs, clinical signs were absent, viremia was undetectable throughout the study, and only low level neutralizing antibody titers were measured by 28/29 days post-NiV-B infection. Results obtained highlight the need for continued and enhanced NiV surveillance in pigs in endemic and at-risk regions, and raise questions regarding applicability of current serological assays to detect animals with previous NiV-B exposure.
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