MyMedR

Fulltext Moyamoya disease in Malaysia: two documented cases

Ng WK, Tan CT, George J, Lee MK, Loh TG

Med J Malaysia, 1995 Jun;50(2):186-8.

Moyamoya disease is a rare cause of young strokes. The definitive diagnosis of moyamayo disease is made by cerebral angiography. We report two cases of moyamoya disease in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Moyamoya Disease/complications*; Moyamoya Disease/radiography

Fulltext Coronary heart disease mortality in peninsular Malaysia

Yusof SM, Margetts BM

Med J Malaysia, 1995 Jun;50(2):194-6.

PMID: 7565197

Matched MeSH terms: Coronary Disease/ethnology; Coronary Disease/mortality*

Rheumatic fever

Chadha S, Inechen B

J Public Health Med, 1997 Sep;19(3):363-4.

PMID: 9347467

Matched MeSH terms: Rheumatic Heart Disease/etiology; Rheumatic Heart Disease/prevention & control*

Fulltext Psychiatric presentation of Huntington's disease in a Malaysian family

Chin CN, S'ng KH, Philip G, Rosdinom R, Wahidah A

Med J Malaysia, 1996 Mar;51(1):153-6.

PMID: 10968000

A 32-year-old Chinese lady presented to the Psychiatric Clinic with a history of change in personality for 2 years and abnormal movements for a year. After thorough investigations and observation a diagnosis of Huntington's Disease was made. Her elder brother was traced and found to have Huntington's Disease as well. He had a long standing history of antisocial behaviour and substance abuse long before the onset of the choreiform movements. Her younger brother also has choreiform movements for the last 2 years and had recent change in personality. Their mother also had abnormal movements and was recorded to be depressed and attempted suicide. The maternal grandfather had a mental illness and was warded at a mental institution till his death in 1942. Psychiatric presentation of Huntington's Disease in this Malaysian family is prominent and preceded the characteristic movements in the present generation.

Matched MeSH terms: Huntington Disease/genetics*; Huntington Disease/psychology*

Fulltext Pulmonary involvement by Hodgkin's disease mimicking pneumonia

Liam CK, Wong KT, Lim YC

Med J Malaysia, 1997 Mar;52(1):84-6.

PMID: 10968059

A 24-year-old man who was initially thought to have nocardiosis of his mediastinal lymph node which progressed to involve his right lung, had to undergo a right pneumonectomy when he failed to respond to treatment with sulphadiazine. Histology of the right lung specimen and a subsequent axillary lymph node biopsy revealed that he actually had lymphocyte-depleted Hodgkin's disease.

Matched MeSH terms: Hodgkin Disease/complications*; Hodgkin Disease/pathology

An in-house assay for serum deoxythymidine kinase

Seah LH, Ton SH, Cheong SK, Hamidah NH

Malays J Pathol, 1991 Dec;13(2):109-13.

PMID: 1823092

An in-house method which utilizes 14C-thymidine as a substrate was used to assay deoxythymidine kinase in serum. The method is sensitive enough to detect normal levels of serum deoxythymidine kinase and the assay procedure also enables rapid handling of multiple samples. With a total reaction volume of 60 ul, the enzyme reaction was found to be linear with concentrations for up to 650 U/L of TK activity. On studying serum deoxythymidine kinase (s-TK) activity with incubation time, there was a proportional increase in activity with the length of incubation time. "Within-batch" precision showed a coefficient of variation (CV) of 4.7% for serum with extremely high s-TK levels and a CV of 8.8% for serum with normal s-TK levels. S-TK showed a CV of less than 16.0% in its activity when stored at -8 degrees C and at -20 degrees C. The normal reference range obtained for s-TK activity was 8.6 +/- 7.5 U/L.

Matched MeSH terms: Acute Disease; Hodgkin Disease/enzymology

Molecular epidemiology of enterovirus 71 infection in the Western Pacific Region

Shimizu H, Utama A, Onnimala N, Li C, Li-Bi Z, Yu-Jie M, et al.

Pediatr Int, 2004 Apr;46(2):231-5.

PMID: 15056257

Recently, there have been large outbreaks of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) mainly caused by enterovirus 71 (EV71) associated with severe neurological diseases in the Western Pacific Region (WPR). To monitor the realtime trend of EV71 transmission throughout the WPR, the authors conducted a molecular epidemiological analysis of EV71 infection.

Matched MeSH terms: Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/epidemiology*; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/virology

Tau Proteins and Tauopathies in Alzheimer's Disease

Chong FP, Ng KY, Koh RY, Chye SM

Cell Mol Neurobiol, 2018 Jul;38(5):965-980.

PMID: 29299792 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-017-0574-1

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive function deficits. There are two major pathological hallmarks that contribute to the pathogenesis of AD which are the presence of extracellular amyloid plaques composed of amyloid-β (Aβ) and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles composed of hyperphosphorylated tau. Despite extensive research that has been done on Aβ in the last two decades, therapies targeting Aβ were not very fruitful at treating AD as the efficacy of Aβ therapies observed in animal models is not reflected in human clinical trials. Hence, tau-directed therapies have received tremendous attention as the potential treatments for AD. Tauopathies are closely correlated with dementia and immunotherapy has been effective at reducing tau pathology and improving cognitive deficits in animal models. Thus, in this review article, we discussed the pathological mechanism of tau proteins, the key factors contributing to tauopathies, and therapeutic approaches for tauopathies in AD based on the recent progress in tau-based research.

Matched MeSH terms: Alzheimer Disease/complications*; Alzheimer Disease/metabolism*

Sirtuins and Their Implications in Neurodegenerative Diseases from a Drug Discovery Perspective

Yeong KY, Berdigaliyev N, Chang Y

ACS Chem Neurosci, 2020 12 16;11(24):4073-4091.

PMID: 33280374 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00696

Sirtuins are class III histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes that target both histone and non-histone substrates. They are linked to different brain functions and the regulation of different isoforms of these enzymes is touted to be an emerging therapy for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), including Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The level of sirtuins affects brain health as many sirtuin-regulated pathways are responsible for the progression of NDs. Certain sirtuins are also implicated in aging, which is a risk factor for many NDs. In addition to SIRT1-3, it has been suggested that the less studied sirtuins (SIRT4-7) also play critical roles in brain health. This review delineates the role of each sirtuin isoform in NDs from a disease centric perspective and provides an up-to-date overview of sirtuin modulators and their potential use as therapeutics in these diseases. Furthermore, the future perspectives for sirtuin modulator development and their therapeutic application in neurodegeneration are outlined in detail, hence providing a research direction for future studies.

Matched MeSH terms: Alzheimer Disease; Parkinson Disease; Disease Progression

Fulltext Adapting to post-COVID19 research in Parkinson's disease: Lessons from a multinational experience

Tan EK, Albanese A, Chaudhuri K, Lim SY, Oey NE, Shan Chan CH, et al.

Parkinsonism Relat Disord, 2021 01;82:146-149.

PMID: 33071183 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.10.009

Matched MeSH terms: Parkinson Disease/epidemiology*; Parkinson Disease/therapy

Recent advances in tau-directed immunotherapy against Alzheimer's disease: an overview of pre-clinical and clinical development

Ng PY, Chang IS, Koh RY, Chye SM

Metab Brain Dis, 2020 10;35(7):1049-1066.

PMID: 32632666 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-020-00591-6

Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been a worldwide concern for many years now. This is due to the fact that AD is an irreversible and progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects quality of life. Failure of some Phase II/III clinical trials in AD targeting accumulation of β-amyloid in the brain has led to an increase in interest in studying alternative treatments against tubulin-associated unit (Tau) pathology. These alternative treatments include active and passive immunisation. Based on numerous studies, Tau is reported as a potential immunotherapeutic target for tauopathy-related diseases including AD. Accumulation and aggregation of hyperphosphorylated Tau as neuropil threads and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) are pathological hallmarks of AD. Both active and passive immunisation targeting Tau protein have shown the capabilities to decrease or prevent Tau pathology and improve either motor or cognitive impairment in various animal models. In this review, we summarise recent advances in active and passive immunisation targeting pathological Tau protein, and will discuss with data obtained from both animal and human trials. Together, we give a brief overview about problems being encountered in these immunotherapies.

Matched MeSH terms: Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy*; Alzheimer Disease/immunology

High intensity non-invasive positive pressure ventilation for refractory decompensated acute hypercapnic respiratory failure in advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Lim KY, Rajah R, Ng BH, Soo CI

Med J Malaysia, 2020 07;75(4):430-432.

PMID: 32724009

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a debilitating progressive lung disease characterised by irreversible airflow obstruction. In addition to an increase in morbidity and mortality, exacerbation also results in frequent hospital visits, which place a burden on healthcare systems. Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) with conventional inspiratory pressures is the standard ventilatory support for patients in exacerbation. At present, the use of higher inspiratory pressures through high intensity noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (Hi-NPPV) during an exacerbation remains unknown. We describe a novel application of Hi-NPPV in a patient with acute exacerbation who was refractory to conventional NPPV.

Matched MeSH terms: Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/complications*; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/pathology*

Fulltext Vaccines and vaccination against infectious bursal disease of chickens: prospects and challenges

Liew, Pit Sze, Nurulfiza Mat Isa, Omar Abdul Rahman, Aini Ideris, Mohd HAIRBEJO

The Pertanika Journal of Scholarly Research Reviews, 2016;2(2):23-39.

MyJurnal

Infectious bursal disease (IBD), also known as the Gumboro disease, has been a great
concern for poultry industry worldwide. The first outbreak of IBD due to very virulent (vv) IBD virus
(IBDV) infection in Malaysia was reported in 1991. The major economic impact of the disease is high
mortality and poor performance. The virus causes immunosuppression where if the infected chicken
recovered from the acute disease, they become more susceptible to infections of other pathogens and
fail to respond to vaccines. Therefore, prevention is important and vaccination has become the
principal control measure of IBDV infection in chickens. The conventional attenuated live and killed
vaccines are the most commonly used vaccines. With the advancement of knowledge and technology,
new generation of genetically-engineered vaccines like viral vector and immune complex vaccines
have been commercialised. Moreover, hatchery vaccination is becoming a common practise, in
addition to farm vaccination. Currently, the disease is considerably under controlled with the
introduction of vaccination. However, occasional field outbreaks are still commonly reported. The
demand for vaccines that could suit the field situation continues to exist. The endemicity of disease,
presence of challenge in the farm and maternally derived antibody in chicks are affecting the choice
vaccine as well as the vaccine development and vaccination strategies. In this review, advances made
in various vaccines that have been commercialised or under development, and challenges that they
face, are outlined. Furthermore, how the emergence of vvIBDV affect the progress of vaccine
development and influence its vaccination strategy are discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Acute Disease; Disease Outbreaks; Infectious bursal disease virus

MortalitY in caRdIAc surgery (MYRIAD): A randomizeD controlled trial of volatile anesthetics. Rationale and design

Landoni G, Lomivorotov V, Pisano A, Nigro Neto C, Benedetto U, Biondi Zoccai G, et al.

Contemp Clin Trials, 2017 08;59:38-43.

PMID: 28533194 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2017.05.011

OBJECTIVE: There is initial evidence that the use of volatile anesthetics can reduce the postoperative release of cardiac troponin I, the need for inotropic support, and the number of patients requiring prolonged hospitalization following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Nevertheless, small randomized controlled trials have failed to demonstrate a survival advantage. Thus, whether volatile anesthetics improve the postoperative outcome of cardiac surgical patients remains uncertain. An adequately powered randomized controlled trial appears desirable.

DESIGN: Single blinded, international, multicenter randomized controlled trial with 1:1 allocation ratio.

SETTING: Tertiary and University hospitals.

INTERVENTIONS: Patients (n=10,600) undergoing coronary artery bypass graft will be randomized to receive either volatile anesthetic as part of the anesthetic plan, or total intravenous anesthesia.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The primary end point of the study will be one-year mortality (any cause). Secondary endpoints will be 30-day mortality; 30-day death or non-fatal myocardial infarction (composite endpoint); cardiac mortality at 30day and at one year; incidence of hospital re-admission during the one year follow-up period and duration of intensive care unit, and hospital stay. The sample size is based on the hypothesis that volatile anesthetics will reduce 1-year unadjusted mortality from 3% to 2%, using a two-sided alpha error of 0.05, and a power of 0.9.

CONCLUSIONS: The trial will determine whether the simple intervention of adding a volatile anesthetic, an intervention that can be implemented by all anesthesiologists, can improve one-year survival in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

Matched MeSH terms: Coronary Artery Disease/mortality; Coronary Artery Disease/surgery*

A case of early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease with both APP and novel PSEN2 mutations presenting with non-amnestic features

Chee KY, Yee OK, Gaillard F, Velakoulis D, Mohd Zain NR, Yogendren L, et al.

Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 2017 Dec;51(12):1252-1253.

PMID: 28762277 DOI: 10.1177/0004867417722642

Matched MeSH terms: Alzheimer Disease/genetics*; Alzheimer Disease/physiopathology*

Lafora disease in a Malaysian with a rare mutation in the EPM2A gene

Tee SK, Ong TL, Aris A, See SML, Leong HY, Khalid MKNM, et al.

Seizure, 2019 Apr;67:78-81.

PMID: 30947044 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2019.03.012

Matched MeSH terms: Lafora Disease/diagnosis*; Lafora Disease/genetics*

Global situation of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD)--a short review

Kesy A

Pol J Vet Sci, 2002;5(4):283-7.

PMID: 12512564

This article reviews the actual world FMD situation. In 2000, fifty nine countries officially reported outbreaks of FMD. The disease occurred in Europe (Greece), Asia (Russia, Mongolia, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Japan, Laos, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Republic of Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, Iran, Iraq, Turkey, in Caucasian region--Georgia, Azerbaijan and Armenia as well as in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan and Tajikistan), Africa (Egypt, Kenya, Mauritania, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Malawi, Namibia, Zambia and Zimbabwe) and in South America (Brazil, Colombia, Uruguay, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador and Venezuela). In 2001, FMD was still spreading throughout the endemic regions and appeared in some of the west European countries--Great Britain, The Netherlands, France and Ireland. In South America, FMD occurred in Argentina, Uruguay, Brazil and Colombia. In Asia the FMD spread in Turkey, Iran, Afghanistan, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Mongolia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Yemen, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Oman, Iran, Bhutan, Nepal, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand and Taiwan. The FMD situation in Africa was unclear, but probably most countries in West, East and South Africa were affected. The most recent data of the OIE from May 2002 confirmed FMD outbreaks in population of pigs in Republic of Korea.

Matched MeSH terms: Disease Outbreaks; Foot-and-Mouth Disease/epidemiology*

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer's Disease: Bridging the Pathophysiology and Management

Alam F, Islam MA, Sasongko TH, Gan SH

Curr Pharm Des, 2016;22(28):4430-42.

PMID: 27229721 DOI: 10.2174/1381612822666160527160236

Although type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are two independent diseases, evidences from epidemiological, pathophysiological and animal studies have indicated a close pathophysiological relationship between these diseases. Due to the pathophysiological similarity of T2DM and AD, which includes insulin resistance and deficiency, protein aggregation, oxidative stress, inflammation, autophagocytosis and advanced glycation end products; AD is often referred to as "type 3 diabetes". In addition to the targeted regimens usually used for treating T2DM and AD individually, currently, anti-diabetic drugs are successfully used to reduce the cognitive decline in AD patients. Therefore, if a common pathophysiology of T2DM and AD could be clearly determined, both diseases could be managed more efficiently, possibly by shared pharmacotherapy in addition to understanding the broader spectrum of preventive strategies. The aim of this review is to discuss the pathophysiological bridge between T2DM and AD to lay the foundation for the future treatment strategies in the management of both diseases.

Matched MeSH terms: Alzheimer Disease/physiopathology*; Alzheimer Disease/therapy

Emerging Roles of Sirtuin 6 in Alzheimer's Disease

Mohamad Nasir NF, Zainuddin A, Shamsuddin S

J Mol Neurosci, 2018 Feb;64(2):157-161.

PMID: 29260452 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-017-1005-y

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that is imposing an increasing burden on society. Currently, AD is the leading cause of senile dementia worldwide. Despite the long existence of AD, there is lack of therapies for AD, suggesting that new and effective treatment strategy must be explored. At present, sirtuin pathway has attracted attention from the researchers due to its promising results in laboratory models of aging. In addition, our understanding in the roles of sirtuin 6 in AD has expanded. It has been identified to be involved in telomere maintenance, DNA repair, genome integrity, energy metabolism, and inflammation, which ultimately regulate life span. Recent findings also demonstrate that sirtuin 6 is lacking in AD patients, proposing that it can be a new potential therapeutic target in AD. Therefore, exploring on how sirtuin 6 is related in AD manifestation may accelerate the research of AD further and benefits future AD patients. Keeping that in mind, this review aims to highlight the possible roles of sirtuin 6 in AD manifestation.

Matched MeSH terms: Alzheimer Disease/genetics; Alzheimer Disease/metabolism*

Frank's sign - A dermatological link to coronary artery disease?

Lee KG

Med J Malaysia, 2017 06;72(3):195-196.

PMID: 28733570

Frank's sign, also known as diagonal earlobe crease (DELC), was observed to be an aural sign of coronary artery disease (CAD). Since then, there has been much interest in examining this unique and controversial association. This report describes a patient who has bilateral complete and deep diagonal ear lobe creases, presented with angina and diagnosed to have coronary artery disease on angiography. The characteristics of the sign and its association with atherosclerotic disease were discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Coronary Artery Disease/diagnosis; Coronary Artery Disease/pathology*

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