MyMedR

Fulltext Conservative management of femoral shaft fractures in children

Moses T, Pan KL, Razak M

Med J Malaysia, 1998 Sep;53 Suppl A:22-6.

Thirty-two children with femoral shaft fractures were treated conservatively with initial skin traction followed by an additional period in a spica cast. After 12 to 20 months of follow up, none had any pain and all of them were attending school without problems. Shortening of more than 2 cm occurred in 6 (19%) of the 32 patients. The most important factor associated with shortening was an overlap of more than 2 cm of shortening of the fracture ends at the time of cast fitting. The average compensatory overgrowth at final assessment was 7 mm. Angular deformity did not pose a problem. This is a safe, simple and practical method to treat childhood femoral shaft fractures.

Matched MeSH terms: Skin*

Fulltext Neural leprosy--a case report

Khaw GE

Med J Malaysia, 1998 Mar;53(1):114-6.

PMID: 10968151

Neural leprosy is rare. This is a report of a 63-year-old Indian man who had long standing multiple peripheral neuropathy. The slit skin smear for acid-fast bacilli of Mycobacterium leprae was positive. The skin and nerve biopsies were normal. He was treated with rifampicin, dapsone and clofazimine.

Matched MeSH terms: Skin/pathology

Fulltext Allergic skin tests in Malaysian asthmatics

Ismail Y

Med J Malaysia, 1992 Mar;47(1):69-73.

PMID: 1387454

To assess the prevalence of skin test sensitivity among asthmatic patients in Malaysia, skin prick tests for allergy in 134 adult asthmatic patients and 120 control subjects were done. 90% of asthmatic patients had positive skin test to at least one allergens as compared to 78% of the controls. House dust mite was the most frequent allergen to which the subjects had positive reactions. Sixty-four percent of the asthmatic patients had associated rhinitis. There was no significant difference in the skin test sensitivity between asthmatic patients with associated rhinitis and those without.

Matched MeSH terms: Skin Tests*

Fulltext Leprosy in children

Jayalakshmi P, Tong M, Singh S, Ganesapillai T

Int. J. Lepr. Other Mycobact. Dis., 1997 Mar;65(1):95-7.

PMID: 9207759

Matched MeSH terms: Skin/pathology

Fulltext Erythema nodosum leprosum in Malaysians

Jayalakshmi P, Ganesapillai T, Ganesan J

Int. J. Lepr. Other Mycobact. Dis., 1995 Mar;63(1):109-11.

PMID: 7730709

Matched MeSH terms: Skin/pathology

Fulltext Herpes gestationis: one of the rare skin lesions in pregnancy

Naganathan K, Doi SA, Jamiyah H

Med J Malaysia, 1994 Dec;49(4):401-3.

PMID: 7674975

Herpes gestationis is a rare disease in pregnancy. A 35-year-old G3P2 presented during her third trimester with erythematous pruritic papular eruptions. Direct immunofluorescence of a skin biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of herpes gestationis. The patient responded well to predniosolone treatment.

Matched MeSH terms: Skin/pathology

A sequential algorithm for the non-linear dual-sorption model of percutaneous drug absorption

Gumel AB, Kubota K, Twizell EH

Math Biosci, 1998 Aug 15;152(1):87-103.

PMID: 9727298

A sequential algorithm is developed for the non-linear dual-sorption model developed by Chandrasekaran et al. [1,2] which monitors pharmacokinetic profiles in percutaneous drug absorption. In the experimental study of percutaneous absorption, it is often observed that the lag-time decreases with the increase in the donor concentration when two or more donor concentrations of the same compound are used. The dual-sorption model has sometimes been employed to explain such experimental results. In this paper, it is shown that another feature observed after vehicle removal may also characterize the dual-sorption model. Soon after vehicle removal, the plots of the drug flux versus time become straight lines on a semilogarithmic scale as in the linear model, but the half-life is prolonged thereafter when the dual-sorption model prevails. The initial half-life after vehicle removal with a low donor concentration is longer than that with a higher donor concentration. These features, if observed in experiments, may be used as evidence to confirm that the dual-sorption model gives an explanation to the non-linear kinetic behaviour of a permeant.

Matched MeSH terms: Skin Absorption/drug effects*

Biaxial tension test of human skin in vivo

Wan Abas WA

Biomed Mater Eng, 1994;4(7):473-86.

PMID: 7881331

The response of human skin to biaxial stretch tests in vivo was investigated and compared to the response to uniaxial tension. The results obtained illustrate the nonlinear, anisotropic, and viscoelastic (time-dependent) properties of skin under biaxial stretch. Preconditioning in the load-extension response was found not to be prominent. The results also suggest that the response of skin to a biaxial stretch in vivo is qualitatively similar to that in vitro. Values of the terminal stiffness and limit strain of skin under a biaxial stretch are found.

Matched MeSH terms: Skin Physiological Phenomena*

Modelling the mechanical response of skin in vivo using the Bossinesq and the Michell stress functions

Wan Abas WA, Asseli MR

Biomed Mater Eng, 1994;4(7):463-71.

PMID: 7881330

Local strains acting across an area of skin loaded uniaxially in vivo are converted to stresses using the standard elastic formulae. The stress values are compared to those obtained using the classical Bossinesq and Michell stress functions. The results indicate that these functions are capable of describing the response of the skin, both in the low load and the high load regions.

Matched MeSH terms: Skin Physiological Phenomena*

Bullous contact allergy from cinnamon

Goh CL, Ng SK

Derm Beruf Umwelt, 1988 Nov-Dec;36(6):186-7.

PMID: 3069433

A young Malay female presented with a bullous eruption as a manifestation of contact allergy to cinnamic aldehyde in cinnamon. The clinical and histological features resembled bullous pemphigoid but immunological markers for pemphigoid were absent. The patient responded to a short course of oral steroids. Contact allergy can mimic pemphigoid.

Matched MeSH terms: Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous/etiology*

Fulltext Allergic rhinitis--analysis of skin testing in 774 patients

Gurbachan I, Idruss H

Med J Malaysia, 1983 Jun;38(2):121-5.

PMID: 6621441

This study shows that out of 774 patients tested, the house dust mite (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) provoked the maximum response (51.81%) the house dust was second (42.81%), and shrimp was third (23.92%). The moderate allergenic extracts were cat fur (12.79%), dog fur (10.72%), cockroach (8.47%) egg white (7.56%) and orris powder (6.30%). Among the low allergenic extracts were Aspergillus fumigatus (5.38%), Staphyloccus aureaus (3.53%) and chicken feathers (3.18%). The authors are of the opinion that the skin sensitivity test is an important diagnostic tool in allergic rhinitis and since this is a preliminary study any short listing of allergens to be used is not recommended yet. Skin sensitivity tests is a useful tool for differentiating allergic rhinitis from vasomotor rhinitis. Estimation of allergen specific IgE concentration in the serum will not offer any major advantages over the intradermal skin test in determining the clinical significance of house dust mite allergy. 21 The development of local materials for skin testing may enhance the usefulness of these investigations.

Matched MeSH terms: Skin Tests*

Fulltext The prevalence of skin manifestations in thyrotoxicosis--a retrospective study

Ramanathan M, Abidin MN, Muthukumarappan M

Med J Malaysia, 1989 Dec;44(4):324-8.

PMID: 2520042

The presenting features of 236 thyrotoxic patients seen in the thyroid clinic were reviewed. 18.65% of these patterns had one or more dermatological complaints at presentation. There was no specific difference in this group of patients when compared with the general hyperthyroid population with regard to age, race, sex, duration of hyperthyroidism or biochemical indices of thyrotoxicosis. The two major complaints were itching and alopecia. The prevalence of pruritus at 6.4% in our series was identical to that of other workers, but we had a much lower occurrence of alopecia at 2.6%. The diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis was delayed in two patients in whom the only major complaint was pruritus. These symptoms cleared quickly when these patients became euthyroid. However there were other patients who noted hair loss with anti-thyroid medications. The incidence of vitiligo, eczema, onycholysis in our series was much lower those quoted in the Western literature The occurrence of pretibial myoxoedema in our series is similar to that of other workers from this region. The other miscellaneous manifestations include urticaria, xanthelasma and systemic lupus erythematosis. In conclusion we feel the cutaneous manifestations of hyperthyroidism are common in our patients.

Matched MeSH terms: Skin Diseases/etiology*

Fulltext Untreated lepromatous leprosy: histopathological findings in cutaneous blood vessels

Coruh G, McDougall AC

Int. J. Lepr. Other Mycobact. Dis., 1979 Sep;47(3):500-11.

PMID: 573750

Skin biopsies from 100 patients with untreated lepromatous leprosy from Malaysia, India, Africa, and South America were examined with particular regard to pathological changes in intima, media, or adventitia of blood vessels and to the presence of leprosy bacilli in these layers. Bacilli were found in capillaries, venules, or arterioles in all cases, and in many instances they were present in endothelial lining cells or smooth muscle in large masses (globi). In several cases, solid-staining bacilli in endothelial lining cells were especially prominent. The findings are discussed in relation to a) the continuous bacteremia of lepromatous leprosy, b) the role of endothelial cells in phagocytosis, c) smooth muscle cells of the media as a site in which bacilli may persist, and d) the transmission of human leprosy by biting arthropods.

Matched MeSH terms: Skin/blood supply*

A note concerning the possibility that the lesions in scurvy are due to a failure to produce 'compact' collagen fibres

Candlish J

Med J Malaya, 1966 Dec;21(2):161-3.

PMID: 4227387

Matched MeSH terms: Skin/metabolism*

Reprogramming human dermal fibroblast into induced pluripotent stem cells using nonintegrative Sendai virus for transduction

Tai L, Teoh HK, Cheong SK

Malays J Pathol, 2018 Dec;40(3):325-329.

PMID: 30580364

INTRODUCTION: Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) that exhibit embryonic stem cell-like properties with unlimited self-renewal and multilineage differentiation properties, are a potential cell source in regenerative medicine and cell-based therapy. Although retroviral and lentiviral transduction methods to generate iPSC are well established, the risk of mutagenesis limits the use of these products for therapeutic applications.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, reprogramming of human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) into iPSC was carried out using non-integrative Sendai virus for transduction. The iPSC clones were characterised based on the morphological changes, gene expression of pluripotency markers, and spontaneous and directed differentiation abilities into cells of different germ layers.

RESULTS: On day 18-25 post-transduction, colonies with embryonic stem cell-like morphology were obtained. The iPSC generated were free of Sendai genome and transgene after passage 10, as confirmed by RT-PCR. NHDF-derived iPSC expressed multiple pluripotency markers in qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining. When cultured in suspension for 8 days, iPSC successfully formed embryoid body-like spheres. NHDF-derived iPSC also demonstrated the ability to undergo directed differentiation into ectoderm and endoderm.

CONCLUSION: NHDF were successfully reprogrammed into iPSC using non-integrating Sendai virus for transduction.

Matched MeSH terms: Skin/cytology*

Fulltext Fabrication of Bio-Based Gelatin Sponge for Potential Use as A Functional Acellular Skin Substitute

Arif MMA, Fauzi MB, Nordin A, Hiraoka Y, Tabata Y, Yunus MHM

Polymers (Basel), 2020 Nov 13;12(11).

PMID: 33202700 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112678

Gelatin possesses biological properties that resemble native skin and can potentially be fabricated as a skin substitute for full-thickness wound treatment. The native property of gelatin, whereby it is easily melted and degraded at body temperature, could prevent its biofunctionality for various applications. This study aimed to fabricate and characterise buffalo gelatin (Infanca halal certified) crosslinked with chemical type crosslinker (genipin and genipin fortified with EDC) and physicaly crosslink using the dihydrothermal (DHT) method. A porous gelatin sponge (GS) was fabricated by a freeze-drying process followed by a complete crosslinking via chemical-natural and synthetic-or physical intervention using genipin (GNP), 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) (EDC) and dihydrothermal (DHT) methods, respectively. The physicochemical, biomechanical, cellular biocompatibility and cell-biomaterial interaction of GS towards human epidermal keratinocytes (HEK) and dermal fibroblasts (HDF) were evaluated. Results showed that GS had a uniform porous structure with pore size ranging between 60 and 200 µm with high porosity (>78.6 ± 4.1%), high wettability (<72.2 ± 7.0°), high tensile strain (>13.65 ± 1.10%) and 14 h of degradation rate. An increase in the concentration and double-crosslinking approach demonstrated an increment in the crosslinking degree, enzymatic hydrolysis resistance, thermal stability, porosity, wettability and mechanical strength. The GS can be tuned differently from the control by approaching the GS via a different crosslinking strategy. However, a decreasing trend was observed in the pore size, water retention and water absorption ability. Crosslinking with DHT resulted in large pore sizes (85-300 µm) and low water retention (236.9 ± 18.7 g/m2·day) and a comparable swelling ratio with the control (89.6 ± 7.1%). Moreover no changes in the chemical content and amorphous phase identification were observed. The HEK and HDF revealed slight toxicity with double crosslinking. HEK and HDF attachment and proliferation remain similar to each crosslinking approach. Immunogenicity was observed to be higher in the double-crosslinking compared to the single-crosslinking intervention. The fabricated GS demonstrated a dynamic potential to be tailored according to wound types by manipulating the crosslinking intervention.

Matched MeSH terms: Skin; Skin, Artificial

Fulltext In Vitro Performance of Dutasteride-Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Coated with Lauric Acid-Chitosan Oligomer for Dermal Delivery

Noor NM, Abdul-Aziz A, Sheikh K, Somavarapu S, Taylor KMG

Pharmaceutics, 2020 Oct 20;12(10).

PMID: 33092119 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12100994

Dutasteride, licensed as an oral medicine for the treatment of benign prostatic hypoplasia, has been investigated as a treatment for androgenic alopecia. In this study, the potential for dustasteride to be delivered topically in order to reduce systemic exposure, irritation of the skin, and also cytotoxicity was explored. Chitosan oligomer (CSO) was successfully synthesised with lauric acid as a coating for a dutasteride-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (DST-NLCs) system. DST-NLCs were prepared using a combination of melt-dispersion and ultrasonication. These negatively charged NLCs (-18.0 mV) had a mean particle size of ~184 nm, which was not significantly increased (p > 0.05) when coated with lauric acid-chitosan oligomer (CSO-LA), whilst the surface charge changed to positive (+24.8 mV). The entrapment efficiency of DST-NLCs was 97%, and coated and uncoated preparations were physically stable for up to 180 days at 4-8 °C. The drug release was slower from DST-NLCs coated with CSO-LA than from uncoated NLCs, with no detectable drug permeation through full-thickness pig ear skin from either preparation. Considering the cytotoxicity, the IC50 values for the DST-NLCs, coated and uncoated with CSO-LA were greater than for dutasteride alone (p < 0.05). DST-NLCs and empty NLCs coated with CSO-LA at 25 µM increased the cell proliferation compared to the control, and no skin irritation was observed when the DST-NLC formulations were tested using EpiDerm™. The cell and skin uptake studies of coated and uncoated NLCs incorporating the fluorescent marker Coumarin-6 showed the time-dependent uptake of Coumarin-6. Overall, the findings suggest that DST-NLCs coated with CSO-LA represent a promising formulation strategy for dutasteride delivery for the treatment of androgenic alopecia, with a reduced cytotoxicity compared to that of the drug alone and lower irritancy than an ethanolic solution of dutasteride.

Matched MeSH terms: Skin; Skin Diseases

In Vitro Drug Dissolution/Permeation Testing of Nanocarriers for Skin Application: a Comprehensive Review

Sheshala R, Anuar NK, Abu Samah NH, Wong TW

AAPS PharmSciTech, 2019 Apr 15;20(5):164.

PMID: 30993407 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1362-7

This review highlights in vitro drug dissolution/permeation methods available for topical and transdermal nanocarriers that have been designed to modulate the propensity of drug release, drug penetration into skin, and permeation into systemic circulation. Presently, a few of USFDA-approved in vitro dissolution/permeation methods are available for skin product testing with no specific application to nanocarriers. Researchers are largely utilizing the in-house dissolution/permeation testing methods of nanocarriers. These drug release and permeation methods are pending to be standardized. Their biorelevance with reference to in vivo plasma concentration-time profiles requires further exploration to enable translation of in vitro data for in vivo or clinical performance prediction.

Matched MeSH terms: Skin Absorption*

Fulltext A case of pustular psoriasis in a young boy

Meera Kuppusamy, Tarita Taib

Journal of Clinical and Health Sciences, 2017;2:39-42.

We report a case of a 13-year-old boy who presented with acute onset of generalised erythematous skin and patchy areas of pustules for one week duration. He was well until one month ago when he started having small scaly plaques on his scalp and extensors of his legs. During the acute episode, he also had joint pain and bilateral conjunctivitis. Skin biopsy confirmed pustular psoriasis. He developed leucocytosis and transaminitis during the acute phase of the pustular eruption while on acitretin, which was then withheld. Subsequently, treatment with oral cyclosporine induced remission of his skin and joint disease. The case is hereby reported because of rarity of presentation and clinical features. Oral cyclosporine should be considered in patients with generalised pustular psoriasis complicated with transaminitis.

Matched MeSH terms: Skin; Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous

Importance of a thorough examination

Pau WS, Tan KK

Pediatr Infect Dis J, 2008 Jun;27(6):569-70.

PMID: 18449061 DOI: 10.1097/INF.0b013e318168db08

Scrub typhus is a common cause of febrile illness among children from rural regions in tropical countries. We described 2 cases of scrub typhus with an eschar localized in the genitalia that was missed during the routine medical examination of a febrile child.

Matched MeSH terms: Skin/pathology*

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