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Evaluation of processed green and ripe mango peel and pulp flours (Mangifera indica var. Chokanan) in terms of chemical composition, antioxidant compounds and functional properties

Abdul Aziz NA, Wong LM, Bhat R, Cheng LH

J Sci Food Agric, 2012 Feb;92(3):557-63.
PMID: 25363645 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4606

Mango is a highly perishable seasonal fruit and large quantities are wasted during the peak season as a result of poor postharvest handling procedures. Processing surplus mango fruits into flour to be used as a functional ingredient appears to be a good preservation method to ensure its extended consumption.

Matched MeSH terms: Dietary Fats/analysis; Dietary Fats/economics
Fulltext Association between dietary patterns and cardiometabolic risks in Malaysian Punjabi adults

Yik Fah Chee, Satvinder Kaur, Roseline Wai Kuan Yap

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(106):106-115.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Globally, the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is high in Punjabi population. This could due to the increased cardiometabolic risks associated with diets high in dietary fats and refined grains. However, studies on the relationship between dietary pattern and cardiometabolic risks involving Malaysian Punjabis popu- lation are scarce. Hence, this study aims to determine the associations between dietary patterns and cardiometa- bolic risks in Malaysian Punjabi adults. Methods: Socio-demographic, lifestyle and dietary intake information was collected using self-administered questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements: weight and height for body mass index (BMI) calculation, waist circumference (WC); systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP); and biomark- ers: blood glucose, glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), triglycerides, total cholesterol (TC), low-density-lipopro- tein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein A1 and B100 were obtained. Major dietary patterns were derived using principal component analysis. Association between dietary patterns and cardiometabolic risk factors were performed using ANCOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results: A total of 164 (35.4% males and 64.6% females) Punjabis were included in this study. Four dietary patterns were extracted, namely ‘fruits and vegetables diet’ (FVD), ‘whole grains, condiments and beverages diet’ (WCBD), ‘protein diet’ (PD) and ‘rice, noodles, cereals and meat diet’ (RNCMD). Significant associations were obtained for FVD with BMI (p=0.012), WC (p=0.011), SBP (p=0.020) and DBP (p=0.009); WCBD with TC (p=0.010), LDL-C (p=0.015) and apolipoprotein B100 (p=0.038). Conclusion: Dietary pattern comprised of fruits, vegetables and beverages containing antioxidant-rich spices, ginger, and black tea may lower cardiometabolic risks in Malaysian Punjabis, particularly in obesity, high blood pressure and hyperlipidaemia.

Matched MeSH terms: Dietary Fats
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in diabetics--prevalence and predictive factors in a multiracial hospital clinic population in Malaysia

Chan WK, Tan AT, Vethakkan SR, Tah PC, Vijayananthan A, Goh KL

J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2013 Aug;28(8):1375-83.
PMID: 23517307 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12204

BACKGROUND AND AIM:
There is currently no published study comparing prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and associated factors among diabetics of different ethnicity in the Asia-Pacific region.

METHODS:
Cross-sectional study of consecutive patients in the Diabetic Clinic in University of Malaya Medical Centre. The Global Physical Activity Questionnaire and a semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire were used to assess physical activity and dietary intake, respectively. Diagnosis of NAFLD was ultrasound-based and following exclusion of significant alcohol intake.

RESULTS:
Data for 399 patients were analyzed (mean age 62.3 ± 10.5 years, 43.1% men). The racial distribution was Chinese 43.6%, Indian 33.1%, Malay 22.3%, and others 1.0%. The prevalence of NAFLD was 49.6%. On univariate analysis, factors associated with NAFLD were age < 65 years, race, obesity, central obesity, glycated hemoglobin ≥ 7.0%, and elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase levels. Patients with low physical activity were more likely to have NAFLD (odds ratio [OR] = 1.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06-2.63, P = 0.020). The prevalence of NAFLD was highest among Malays (60.7%), followed by Indians (51.5%), and lowest among Chinese (42.0%) consistent with higher prevalence of central obesity and higher percentage calorie intake from fat in the former groups of patients. On multivariate analysis, independent factors associated with NAFLD were central obesity (OR = 2.20, 95% CI = 1.29-3.75, P = 0.004) and elevated serum ALT level (OR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.21-3.25, P = 0.007).

CONCLUSIONS:
NAFLD was seen in half of a cohort of diabetic patients and was independently associated with central obesity and elevated serum ALT level. Prevalence of NAFLD was different and paralleled the difference in prevalence of central obesity and in percentage calorie intake from fat among the different ethnic groups.

© 2013 Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Foundation and Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.

KEYWORDS:
diabetes mellitus; dietary intake; epidemiology; ethnicity; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; physical activity
Study site: Diabetic clinic, University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC)

Matched MeSH terms: Dietary Fats
Fulltext A workplace email-linked website intervention for modifying cancer-related dietary and lifestyle risk factors: rationale, design and baseline findings

Ang YK, Mirnalini K, Zalilah MS

Malays J Nutr, 2013 Apr;19(1):37-51.
PMID: 24800383 MyJurnal

Introduction: The use of email and website as channels for workplace health
information delivery is not fully explored. This study aims to describe the
rationale, design, and baseline findings of an email-linked website intervention
to improve modifiable cancer risk factors. Methods: Employees of a Malaysian
public university were recruited by systematic random sampling and randomised
into an intervention (n=174) or control group (n=165). A website was developed
for the intervention and educational modules were uploaded onto the website.
The intervention group received ten consecutive weekly emails with hypertext
links to the website for downloading the modules and two individual phone
calls as motivational support whilst the control group received none. Diet,
lifestyle, anthropometric measurements, psychosocial factors and stages of change
related to dietary fat, fruit and vegetable intake, and physical activity were
assessed. Results: Participants were predominantly female and in non-academic
positions. Obesity was prevalent in 15% and 37% were at risk of co-morbidities.
Mean intake of fats was 31%, fruit was ~1 serving/day and vegetable was <1
serving/day. Less than 20% smoked and drank alcohol and about 40% were
physically inactive. The majority of the participants fell into the Preparation
stage for decreasing fat intake, eating more fruit and vegetables, and increasing
physical activity. Self-efficacy and perceived benefits were lowest among participants in the Precontemplation/Contemplation stage compared to the Preparation
and Action/Maintenance stages. Conclusion: Baseline data show that dietary and
lifestyle practices among the employees did not meet the international guidelines
for cancer prevention. Hence the findings warrant the intervention planned.
Keywords: Cancer, risk factors, email, website, worksite

Matched MeSH terms: Dietary Fats
The amount and types of fatty acids acutely affect insulin, glycemic and gastrointestinal peptide responses but not satiety in metabolic syndrome subjects

Chang CY, Kanthimathi MS, Tan AT, Nesaretnam K, Teng KT

Eur J Nutr, 2018 Feb;57(1):179-190.
PMID: 27632019 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1307-9

PURPOSE: Limited clinical evidence is available on the effects of amount and types of dietary fats on postprandial insulinemic and gastrointestinal peptide responses in metabolic syndrome subjects. We hypothesized that meals enriched with designated: (1) amount of fats (50 vs 20 g), (2) fats with differing fatty acid composition (saturated, SFA; monounsaturated, MUFA or n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, PUFA) would affect insulinemic and gastrointestinal peptide releases in metabolic syndrome subjects.
METHODS: Using a randomized, crossover and double-blinded design, 15 men and 15 women with metabolic syndrome consumed high-fat meals enriched with SFA, MUFA or n-6 PUFA, or a low-fat/high-sucrose (SUCR) meal. C-peptide, insulin, glucose, gastrointestinal peptides and satiety were measured up to 6 h.
RESULTS: As expected, SUCR meal induced higher C-peptide (45 %), insulin (45 %) and glucose (49 %) responses compared with high-fat meals regardless of types of fatty acids (P < 0.001). Interestingly, incremental area under the curve (AUC0-120min) for glucagon-like peptide-1 was higher after SUCR meal compared with MUFA (27 %) and n-6 PUFA meals (23 %) (P = 0.01). AUC0-120min for glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide was higher after SFA meal compared with MUFA (23 %) and n-6 PUFA meals (20 %) (P = 0.004). Significant meal x time interaction (P = 0.007) was observed for ghrelin, but not cholecystokinin and satiety.
CONCLUSIONS: The amount of fat regardless of the types of fatty acids affects insulin and glycemic responses. Both the amount and types of fatty acids acutely affect the gastrointestinal peptide release in metabolic syndrome subjects, but not satiety.

Matched MeSH terms: Dietary Fats