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Ethnic differences in Singapore's dementia prevalence: the stroke, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, and dementia in Singapore study

Sahadevan S, Saw SM, Gao W, Tan LC, Chin JJ, Hong CY, et al.

J Am Geriatr Soc, 2008 Nov;56(11):2061-8.
PMID: 19016940 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.01992.x

To study the prevalence of dementia in Singapore among Chinese, Malays, and Indians.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Fulltext Prevalence of insulin resistance in schizophrenia in HUKM

Fairuz AR, Maniam T, Khalid BA

Med J Malaysia, 2007 Oct;62(4):290-3.
PMID: 18551931 MyJurnal

This is a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of insulin resistance and its associated factors in Hospital UKM patients with schizophrenia using the Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA) model. Fasting glucose and insulin from 85 patients were obtained. Fasting glucose revealed 15% of the patients were diabetic, while another 15% had impaired fasting glucose. Using the HOMA model, 68% of the patients had insulin resistance. Univariate analyses found BMI (p < 0.001) and waist circumference (p < 0.001) to be associated with insulin resistance. The statistical significance disappeared after multivariate analyses. All patients with schizophrenia should be screened and managed as a group at high risk for development of diabetes with emphasis on body weight management.
Study site: inpatient and outpatients, Psychiatric department, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Adverse impact of sexual dysfunction in chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome

Lee SW, Liong ML, Yuen KH, Leong WS, Cheah PY, Khan NA, et al.

Urology, 2008 Jan;71(1):79-84.
PMID: 18242370 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2007.08.043

OBJECTIVES: To examine the prevalence, characteristics, and impact of sexual dysfunction in our primary care referral population.
METHODS: Participants seeking treatment for chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) were recruited from general urology clinics. The subjects completed the National Institutes of Health-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index, International Index of Erectile Function-5, and selected questions from the University of Washington Symptom Score. Additional information on demographics and medical and treatment history were also obtained. Sexual dysfunction was defined as self-reported erectile dysfunction (ED) or ejaculatory difficulty, or both.
RESULTS: Of 296 participants with CP/CPPS, 214 (72.3%) reported sexual dysfunction. The National Institutes of Health-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index total score averaged 22.5 +/- 6.9 for participants with sexual dysfunction compared with 20.4 +/- 7.8 for participants who did not report sexual dysfunction (P = 0.03). Of the 214 participants with sexual dysfunction, 54 (25.0%) complained of ED only, 71 (33.4%) complained of ejaculatory difficulties only, and 89 (41.6%) complained of both ED and ejaculatory difficulties. Men reporting both ED and ejaculatory difficulty reported worse CP/CPPS symptoms (analysis of variance, P = 0.042) and worse quality of life (analysis of variance, P = 0.006) than men without sexual dysfunction.
CONCLUSIONS: Sexual dysfunction was reported by almost three quarters of patients with CP/CPPS. Patients with CP/CPPS and sexual dysfunction experienced substantially worse symptoms, particularly worse quality of life, than other patients with CP/CPPS. Sexual dysfunction merits consideration as an important aspect of CP/CPPS and a potential outcome measure.

Study site: general urology clinics
in Penang

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Prevalence of snoring and craniofacial features in Malaysian children from hospital-based medical clinic population

Banabilh SM, Asha'ari ZA, Hamid SS

Sleep Breath, 2008 Aug;12(3):269-74.
PMID: 17978839 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-007-0154-6

Snoring is considered as the most common clinical symptom of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome. However, many snoring studies were done in western population, and data from around Asia is scarce. Therefore, the purposes of this study were to determine the prevalence of snoring among Malaysian children from hospital-based medical clinic population setting and to compare the craniofacial features of children with and without snoring using cephalometric analysis. A cross-sectional study among children aged 7-15 years were carried out in Hospital Kuala Terengganu. Sleep behavior questionnaire (Berlin questionnaire) was given to 500 children. The respondents were divided into snoring and non-snoring groups. Thirty children from each group were randomly selected to undergo a cephalometric X-ray. For each lateral cephalometric radiograph, 17 parameters consisting bony, soft tissue, and angular measurements were recorded using computer software VixWin2000. Independent t test was used to analyze the data. The results indicated that the whole questionnaire respondents were 317 (46 snoring and 271 non-snoring), hence, the prevalence of snoring in our survey population was 14.51%. The cephalometric X-ray showed that the snoring children manifested a significant different craniofacial features, such as narrow airway at the level of the soft palate and oropharynx (p < 0.05), more inferiorly positioned hyoid bone (p < 0.05), longer vertical airway length from posterior nasal spine to the base of epiglottis (p < 0.05), more protruding maxilla, and anterior-posterior discrepancy of maxilla and mandible (p < 0.05). In conclusion, our snorer children exhibit significant craniofacial differences compared to non-snorer groups.

Study site: ACC at Hospital Kuala Terengganu, MalaysiaThe ACC is a daycare center consisting of
various specialty clinics such as Pediatrics, Orthopedics,
Otorhinolaryngology, Dental, Oral-maxillofacial, General
Surgery, General Medical, Ophthalmology, Psychiatry, and
Obstetrics and Gynecology clinics.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in Malaysia: a national study of 16,440 subjects

Rampal L, Rampal S, Azhar MZ, Rahman AR

Public Health, 2008 Jan;122(1):11-8.
PMID: 17981310 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2007.05.008

Study design: A cross-sectional study was conducted in all states of Malaysia to determine the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension. A stratified two-stage cluster sampling design with proportional allocation was used.
Methods: Trained nurses obtained two blood pressure measurements from each subject. Hypertension was defined as mean systolic blood pressure >140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure >90 mmHg, or a self-reported diagnosis of hypertension and taking antihypertensive medication. All data were analysed using Stata 9.2 software and took the complex survey design into account. A two-sided P-value of <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.
Results: The overall prevalence of hypertension for subjects aged 15 years was 27.8% (95% confidence interval (CI) 26.9-28.8). The prevalence of hypertension was significantly higher in males (29.6%, 95% CI 28.3-31.0) compared with females (26.0%, 95% CI 25.0-27.1). Multivariate logistic regression showed that the odds of having hypertension increased with increasing age, in males, in subjects with a family history of hypertension, with increasing body mass index, in non-smokers and with decreasing levels of education. Only 34.6% of the subjects with hypertension were aware of their hypertensive status, and 32.4 were taking antihypertensive medication. Amongst the latter group, only 26.8% had their blood pressure under control. The prevalence of hypertension amongst those aged 30 years has increased from 32.9% in 1996 to 40.5% in 2004.
Conclusion: In Malaysia, the prevalence of hypertension is high, but levels of awareness, treatment and control are low. There is an urgent need for a comprehensive integrated population-based intervention programme to ameliorate the growing problem of hypertension in Malaysians.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Prevalence and predictors of low serum retinol and hypoalbuminaemia among children in rural Peninsular Malaysia

Al-Mekhlafi MH, Azlin M, Aini UN, Shaik A, Sa'iah A, Norhayati M

Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 2007 Dec;101(12):1233-40.
PMID: 17936317

Vitamin A deficiency and malnutrition are still considered public health problems in rural areas of developing countries, including Malaysia. A cross-sectional exploration study was carried out on 281 Orang Asli (Aborigine) children aged between 2 and 15 years in Selangor, Malaysia. The overall prevalence of low serum retinol (<70 micromol/l) and hypoalbuminaemia (<35 g/l) were 25.2 and 7.8%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that severe ascariasis, significant stunting and giardiasis were significantly associated with low concentration of serum retinol. As well as intestinal parasitic infections, low socio-economic status was a significant predictor of hypoalbuminaemia. Logistic regression analysis identified severe ascariasis and significant stunting as predictors of low serum retinol, while mixed intestinal parasitic infection and low household income were predictors of hypoalbuminaemia. In conclusion, control measures for intestinal parasitic infections should be included as one of the strategies for the prevention and control of malnutrition and vitamin A deficiency in this population.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Fulltext Prostate-specific antigen levels among Chinese, Malays and Indians in Singapore from a community-based study

Chia SE, Lau WK, Cheng C, Chin CM, Tan J, Ho SH

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2007 Jul-Sep;8(3):375-8.
PMID: 18159971

The purpose of this study was to examine the distribution of prostate-specific antigen levels among Chinese, Malays and Indians in Singapore, taking the effect of age into consideration. The study was carried out as part of the Singapore Prostate Awareness Week from 23-26th February 2004. Men above 50 years old went to four government-restructured hospitals to participate in the study. Participants filled up a questionnaire and provided 5 ml of blood for measurement of PSA levels using the Abbott IMx Total PSA assay (Abbott Laboratories). 3,486 men responded to the study, comprising 92.8% Chinese, 3.0% Malays, 2.5% Indians and 1.8% Others. 92.7% of them had PSA levels of 4 microg/L or less. There were no significant differences (p<0.05) between the mean PSA levels of Chinese (1.60 microg/L), Malays (1.39 microg/L), Indians (1.23 microg/L) and Others (1.70 microg/L). PSA levels were significantly associated with age (Spearman's r= 0.27, p<0.01). PSA levels increased with each 10-year age group and these trends were significant (p<0.0001) across both PSA group levels and age groupings. In the 50-60 years age groups, the prevalence of PSA levels >4 mug/L were 1.1% and 3.7% respectively. This rose rapidly to 11.3% and 23.5% for age groups >60-70 and >80 years respectively. Our study shows that the median PSA levels in the Caucasian population in the USA are higher than those of Chinese, Malays and Indians in Singapore. PSA levels were positively associated with age. It may be more appropriate to offer PSA testing to men who are >60 years old rather than the current >50 years.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Snoring and breathing pauses during sleep in the Malaysian population

Kamil MA, Teng CL, Hassan SA

Respirology, 2007 May;12(3):375-80.
PMID: 17539841 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2007.01030.x

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of snoring and breathing pauses during sleep, and to assess associated factors, including morbidity and the impact on daytime functioning, in an adult Malaysian population.
METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of community-dwelling adults aged 30-70 years was conducted. Daytime sleepiness was assessed using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Physical examinations were limited to measurements of body habitus and blood pressure.
RESULTS: The sample consisted of 1611 adults (52.9% male). The prevalence of habitual snoring, breathing pauses and excessive daytime sleepiness were 47.3%, 15.2% and 14.8%, respectively. Seven per cent of respondents (8.8% male, 5.1% female) were clinically suspected to have obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS). The independent predictors of habitual snoring were older age, Chinese or Indian ethnicity (compared with Malays), smoking, obesity and use of sedatives. Clinically suspected OSAS and habitual snoring were significantly associated with difficulty in getting up in the morning, morning headache, driving and workplace accidents, hypertension, and ischaemic heart disease.
CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of habitual snoring is high in the Malaysian population. Sleep-related breathing disorders in Malaysian adults are associated with significant morbidity.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Fulltext Prevalence and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy--a study of 217 patients from University of Malaya Medical Centre

Tajunisah I, Nabilah H, Reddy SC

Med J Malaysia, 2006 Oct;61(4):451-6.
PMID: 17243523

Two hundred and seventeen diabetic patients attending the eye clinic were examined to determine the prevalence of retinal changes, and the association between diabetic retinopathy and risk factors. A detailed fundus examination was done, after dilating the pupils, using 90 D lens and slitlamp biomicroscope. Diabetic retinopathy was detected in 112 patients (51.6%). Background retinopathy was seen in 40 out of 217 (18.4%), pre-proliferative retinopathy in 11 (5.1%), proliferative retinopathy in 61 (28.1%) and maculopathy in 58 (26.7%) patients. Factors significantly associated with occurrence of retinopathy were duration of diabetes, presence of hypertension and presence of systemic complications (diabetic foot ulcer, lower limb amputation, nephropathy, and peripheral neuropathy).
Study site: Eye clinic, University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Fulltext Microalbuminuria prevalence study in hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients in Malaysia

Kong NC, Chia YC, Khalid BA, Juwita S, Samiah Yasmin AK, Yap LY, et al.

Med J Malaysia, 2006 Oct;61(4):457-65.
PMID: 17243524 MyJurnal

Microalbuminuria is the earliest indicator of diabetic kidney disease and generalised vascular endothelial dysfunction. The Microalbuminuria Prevalence (MAP) Study was carried out to assess the prevalence of macroalbuminuria, microalbuminuria and normoalbuminuria in Asian hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes on usual care. This paper presents a subanalysis of data from patients in Malaysia. In 733 analysed patients, the prevalence of macroalbuminuria and microalbuminuria was 15.7% and 39.7%, respectively. The high prevalence of diabetic nephropathy in these high-risk patients is a cause for concern, and the Malaysian Health Care system should be prepared for a pandemic of end-stage renal disease due to diabetic nephropathy.

Study site: six medical centres in Kuala Lumpur, Kota Bharu,
Kuching and Kota Kinabalu

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Heroin dependence and HIV infection in Malaysia

Chawarski MC, Mazlan M, Schottenfeld RS

Drug Alcohol Depend, 2006 Apr;82 Suppl 1:S39-42.
PMID: 16769444

BACKGROUND: Malaysia is experiencing severe problems with heroin dependence and HIV infection. This, study evaluated drug use and other HIV risk behaviors and their association with HIV and other infectious diseases in heroin-dependent subjects enrolled in a clinical trial of drug abuse treatment in Muar, Malaysia.
METHODS: Baseline assessment of treatment-seeking subjects (n=177) included the Addiction Severity Index; AIDS Risk Inventory; serological tests for HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C; and chest X-ray.
RESULTS: All of the subjects were male; 67.8% were Malays, 28.8% Chinese, and 2.3%. Indian. Subjects had a mean (SD) age of 37.2 (9.1) years and 14.4 (8.5) years of using heroin; 76.3% reported lifetime injection drug use (IDU), and 41.5% reported current IDU; 30 of 156 (19.2%) tested HIV positive, 143 of 159 (89.9%) tested hepatitis C positive, and 25 of 159 (15.7%) had radiological evidence of pulmonary tuberbulosis. Malay subjects had a significantly higher prevalence of current IDU, needle sharing (p<0.01), and HIV infection (p<0.05) compared with Chinese subjects. Lifetime IDU, needle sharing, lack of consistent condom use, and Malay ethnicity were significantly associated with HIV infection.
CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of HIV infection among heroin-dependent individuals, in Malaysia supports the important of interventions to reduce the major risk factors for HIV, including IDU, needle sharing, and unprotected sex.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Fulltext Prevalence and factors influencing smoking amongst Malay primary school children in Tumpat, Kelantan

Norbanee TH, Norhayati MN, Norsa'adah B, Naing NN

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2006 Jan;37(1):230-5.
PMID: 16771239

The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence, knowledge and factors that influence smoking in Malay primary school children in Tumpat, Kelantan. A cross-sectional study was conducted in February 2004 among primary school children in Tumpat District. Two hundred-twelve children in standard one to six were randomly selected from three rural schools. An interview that included information on history of ever smoking, knowledge related to smoking and health, and potential factors that could influence smoking was done. Twenty-five children had previously smoked, with a prevalence of 11.8% (95%CI=8.0, 17.0) and 8 were current smokers (3.8%, 95%CI=1.2, 6.4). More than half (64.6%) of the children had a good knowledge of smoking. However, only 105 (49.5%) of them knew that passive smokers have a higher risk of developing diseases. Of those who had ever smoked, 12 (36.6%) were influenced by peers and 17 (51.5%) had a self-desire to smoke. The earliest age to start smoking was at 6 years. Factors found to be significantly associated with smoking on multivariate analysis were increasing age (OR=2.8, 95%CI=1.6, 5.1), being boys (OR=5.8, 95%CI=2.0, 16.8), being at second school level (standard 4, 5, 6)(OR=7.8, 95%CI=1.3, 45.3) and having other family members (excluding father) who smoked (OR=2.8, 95%CI=1.2, 6.5). However, having a father who smoked and a good knowledge were not reported as influencing factors.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Fulltext Retrospective prevalence of snakebites from Hospital Kuala Lumpur (HKL) (1999-2003)

Jamaiah I, Rohela M, Ng TK, Ch'ng KB, Teh YS, Nurulhuda AL, et al.

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2006 Jan;37(1):200-5.
PMID: 16771235

A hospital based retrospective study of the prevalence of snakebite cases at Hospital Kuala Lumpur was carried out over a five-year period from 1999 to 2003. A total of 126 snakebite cases were recorded. The highest admission for snakebites was recorded in 2001 (29 cases). The majority of cases were admitted for three days or less (79%). Most of the snakebite cases were reported in the 11-30 years age group (52%). The male:female ratio was 3:1. The majority of cases were Malaysians (80%, 101 cases). Of the non-Malaysians, Indonesians constituted the most (56%, 14 cases). Bites occurred most commonly on the lower limbs (49%), followed by upper limbs (45%) and on other parts of the body (6%). No fatal cases were detected and complications were scarce. In 60% (70 cases) the snake could not be identified. Of the four species of snakes that were identified, cobra (both suspected and confirmed) constituted the largest group (25%), followed by viper (10%), python (4%) and sea snake (1%). The most common clinical presentations were pain and swelling, 92% (116 cases). All patients were put on snakebite charts and their vital signs were monitored. Of the snakebite cases, 48% (61 cases) were treated with cloxacillin and 25% (32 cases) were given polyvalent snake antivenom.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Fulltext The prevalence of depression among elderly warded in a tertiary care centre in Wilayah Persekutuan

Mohd Sidik S, Rampal L, Hanim MA, Thong PL

Med J Malaysia, 2006 Mar;61(1):15-21.
PMID: 16708729

Depression is characterized by symptoms like disturbance in behavior, cognition and mood. This is commonly known to affect people aged 60 years and above especially those who are also afflicted with illnesses. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of depression and its associated factors among the elderly in a tertiary care centre in Wilayah Persekutuan. A cross sectional study design was done. Stratified cluster sampling method was used to select the respondents. All elderly patients were selected from the orthopaedic, surgical, gynaecology and medical wards in a government hospital in Wilayah Persekutuan. A 30-item Geriatric Depression Scale questionnaire was used as a screening instrument. Out of the 246 elderly subjects, 198 were interviewed giving a response rate of 80.5%. The results showed that 54% of the elderly respondents were found to have depressive symptoms. Age (p=0.022), sex (p=0.008), ethnicity (p=0.022) and functional disabilities in bathing (p=0.001), grooming (p=0.007), dressing (p= 0.007), using the toilet (p=0.002), transferring from bed to chair and back (p=0.000), mobility (p=0.000) and climbing stairs (p=0.000) were all found to be significantly associated with depression among the elderly respondents. The outcome of this study will have an important impact on the implementation of the health policy for the elderly patients admitted to hospitals.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Fulltext Audit of birth defects in 34,109 deliveries in a tertiary referral center

Noraihan MN, See MH, Raja R, Baskaran TP, Symonds EM

Med J Malaysia, 2005 Oct;60(4):460-8.
PMID: 16570708

The objective of the study is to determine the proportion and different types of birth defects among the children born in Hospital Kuala Lumpur. A cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of 18 months where all consecutively born infants, dead or alive were included. There were total of 34,109 births recorded during this period. The proportion of birth defects in Hospital Kuala Lumpur was 3.1% (n = 1056). The commonest involved were the hematology system, (157.7 per 10,000 births), the central nervous system, genitourinary system and chromosomal anomalies. The proportion was significantly higher in males and in the Chinese (p < 0.001). The commonest abnormalities are Glucose 6 Phosphate Deficiency (157.7/10000), Down's syndrome (12.6/10000), thalassaemia (8.8/10000), cleft lip and/or palate (7.6/10000) and anencephaly (7.3/10000). Neural tube defect is common and ranked second after G6PD deficiency. There is a need for a birth defect registry to assess the extent of the problem in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Fulltext Prevalence and correlations of lower urinary tract symptoms, erectile dysfunction and incontinence in men from a multiethnic Asian population: Results of a regional population-based survey and comparison with industrialized nations

Mariappan P, Chong WL

BJU Int, 2006 Dec;98(6):1264-8.
PMID: 17034498

OBJECTIVE: To determine, in a population-based survey, the prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), erectile dysfunction (ED) and incontinence in community-dwelling men in multiethnic Malaysia, as currently available Western demographic data might not be applicable in the Asian population.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional population-based survey was carried out in the State of Penang, Malaysia, with a target population of men aged > or = 40 years. Using a multistage study design, random systematic sampling was used to represent the target population, who were weighted based on ethnicity and rural-urban ratios so as to represent the general population distribution. Trained field-workers conducted direct interviews and administered the American Urological Association Symptom Index (AUA-SI), the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) questionnaire and questions on incontinence based on the International Continence Society 2002 definition.
RESULTS: In all, 418 men aged > or = 40 years were interviewed, of whom 353 completed the AUA-SI questionnaire (84.5% response rate). The prevalence of mild, moderate and severe LUTS was 80.6%, 6% and 0.3%, respectively. The prevalent symptoms were frequency and nocturia. There was moderate and severe ED in 45.9% of men, whereas incontinence was reported by 8.2%. The AUA-SI correlated strongly with age (R = 0.291, P < 0.001), IIEF-5 (R = - 0.265, P < 0.001) and diabetes mellitus.
CONCLUSION: The prevalence and severity of LUTS, ED and incontinence increased with age in this multiethnic Asian population, in which ED correlated strongly with LUTS. Compared to the Western population, the prevalence of LUTS was significantly lower, while the prevalence of ED and incontinence were comparable.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
New challenges and opportunities in managing substance abuse in Malaysia

Mazlan M, Schottenfeld RS, Chawarski MC

Drug Alcohol Rev, 2006 Sep;25(5):473-8.
PMID: 16939945

Until recently, Malaysia has lagged behind in the treatment of drug addiction and related disorders, despite experiencing severe drug problems. By the end of 2004, 234,000 heroin users or heroin-dependent individuals had been registered in the official government registry, but other estimates exceed 500,000 for heroin abusers in the country. Amphetamine-type stimulant abuse is also increasing and of considerable public and government concern. Among the population of drug users, HIV and other infectious diseases rates are very high. In the Western Pacific regions, Malaysia has the second highest HIV prevalence (after Vietnam) among adult populations (0.62%) and the highest proportion of HIV cases resulting from injection drug use (76.3%). Drug use and related disorders exert a heavy burden on the country's health care and legal systems. Historically, drug abusers were rehabilitated involuntarily in correctional, rather than health-care, facilities. This primarily criminal treatment approach had limited effectiveness which led to widespread public dissatisfaction and the recent introduction of medical treatments for addiction. Naltrexone was introduced in 1999; buprenorphine was introduced in 2001 and methadone in 2003. Agonist maintenance programmes were embraced rapidly by the medical community in Malaysia. Currently, over 30,000 opiate-dependent patients are treated with agonist maintenance treatments by more than 500 medical practitioners in Malaysia. Despite these recent advances, treatments for amphetamine-type stimulant abuse or dependence are underdeveloped, and diversion of agonist medications is an emerging concern.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Prenatal detection of birth defects in a Malaysian population: estimation of the influence of termination of pregnancy on birth prevalence in a developing country

Ho JJ, Thong MK, Nurani NK

Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol, 2006 Feb;46(1):55-7.
PMID: 16441696

We studied 253 women with a pregnancy complicated by a birth defect and 506 controls to determine the frequency and type of prenatal tests and the types of defects detected antenatally. Most women had at least one ultrasound examination, but the frequency of other screening tests was low. Only 38 (15%) of defects were detected antenatally (37 by ultrasound). Birth prevalence is unlikely to be affected by pregnancy termination.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Fulltext Screening of concurrent alpha-thalassaemia 1 in beta-thalassaemia carriers

Chong YM, Tan JA, Zubaidah Z, Rahimah A, Kuldip K, George E

Med J Malaysia, 2006 Jun;61(2):217-20.
PMID: 16898315

Thalassaemia is an inherited blood disorder and is a significant public health problem in Malaysia, with many not knowing they carry the gene for thalassaemia. The two major forms are alpha and beta thalassaemia. An individual can co-inherit both the alpha and beta thalassaemia genes. This study determined the frequency of concurrent carriers of alpha thalassaemia in 231 beta thalassaemia carriers. Gap-PCR was done on extracted DNA of the beta thalassaemia samples to check for alpha thalassaemia 1 molecular defect. Eight (3.5%) samples were found to have concurrently inherited the alpha thalassaemia 1 (- -SEA) deletion. The significant carrier rate for alpha thalassaemia 1 indicates the need for the implementation of DNA analysis to complement thalassaemia screening in high risk populations.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
The prevalence and correlates of alcohol use disorder amongst bipolar patients in a hospital setting, Malaysia

Yee HA, Loh HS, Ng CG

Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract, 2013 Oct;17(4):292-7.
PMID: 23170840 DOI: 10.3109/13651501.2012.752012

To determine the prevalence of alcohol-use disorder and associated correlates amongst bipolar patients in a university hospital in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence

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