MyMedR

Dengue-associated adult respiratory distress syndrome

Lum LC, Thong MK, Cheah YK, Lam SK

Ann Trop Paediatr, 1995 Dec;15(4):335-9.

PMID: 8687212 DOI: 10.1080/02724936.1995.11747794

In dengue shock syndrome, an acute increase in capillary permeability results in leakage of plasma into the interstitial space. Pleural effusion is commonly seen in dengue shock syndrome. We report three cases of dengue-associated adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in children, in all of whom dengue haemorrhagic fever, presenting with grade 3 or grade 4 dengue shock syndrome with disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, was confirmed. The criteria for the diagnosis of ARDS were based on the expanded definition of ARDS by Murray et al. Treatment consisted of fluid resuscitation, correction of coagulopathy and mechanical ventilation. All three children had multi-organ impairment, but it was more severe in the two who died. The one survivor was well at discharge.

Matched MeSH terms: Dengue/blood

Fulltext Hemolysins and plasmid profiles of Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Vadivelu J, Puthucheary SD, Mitin A, Wan CY, van Melle B, Puthucheary JA

Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1996 Mar;27(1):126-31.

PMID: 9031414

Forty clinical isolates of Vibrio parahaemolyticus were studied for the production of the thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH), and the TDH-related hemolysin (TRH) including the respective encoding genes, tdh and trh. The presence of TDH and its encoding genes were found amongst 95% of the strains, whereas the TRH was absent amongst these isolates. Thirty-two isolates were found to be plasmid-free, whereas eight isolates possessed plasmids with sizes ranging from 2.4 > or = 23 kb. Using a DNA probe coding for the homologous region of the tdh and trh, it was found that the tdh genes were present on the chromosomal DNA.

Matched MeSH terms: Hemolysin Proteins/blood*

A simple method for the detection of CYP2C9 polymorphisms: nested allele-specific multiplex polymerase chain reaction

Zainuddin Z, Teh LK, Suhaimi AW, Salleh MZ, Ismail R

Clin Chim Acta, 2003 Oct;336(1-2):97-102.

PMID: 14500040 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-8981(03)00319-x

BACKGROUND: Cytochrome P4502C9 (CYP2C9), a principle drug-metabolizing enzyme is polymorphic in humans and is responsible for important pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic variations of CYP2C9 substrates. We developed an allele-specific multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for the detection of common CYP2C9 alleles.
METHOD: Genomic DNA was extracted from blood obtained from 40 unrelated healthy Malaysian Indian volunteers. The DNA was subjected to a first PCR that was used to amplify both exons 3 and 7 simultaneously in one reaction tube and a second PCR that was used to detect the polymorphic sites of CYP2C9 alleles using allele-specific primers. Sequencing was performed to validate the test results.
RESULTS: We were successful in amplifying the fragments of interest from the DNA samples. The method was also reproducible and specific. The amplified sequences showed 100% homology to CYP2C9 sequence.
CONCLUSION: This is the first nested allele-specific multiplex PCR method reported to allow for the simultaneously detection of five CYP2C9 alleles.

Matched MeSH terms: DNA/blood

Effects of Lactobacillus cultures on growth performance, abdominal fat deposition, serum lipids and weight of organs of broiler chickens

Kalavathy R, Abdullah N, Jalaludin S, Ho YW

Br Poult Sci, 2003 Mar;44(1):139-44.

PMID: 12737236

1. The effects of a mixture of 12 Lactobacillus strains (LC) on the growth performance, abdominal fat deposition, serum lipids and weight of organs of broiler chickens were studied from 1 to 42 d of age. 2. One hundred and thirty-six 1-d-old male broiler chicks were assigned at random to two dietary treatments: a basal diet (control), and a basal diet with 0.1% LC. 3. The supplementation of LC in broiler diets improved the body weight gain and feed conversion rate from 1 to 42 d of age and was effective in reducing abdominal fat deposition but only after 28 d of age. 4. The LC diets reduced serum total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and triglycerides in broilers from 21 to 42 d of age. However, there was no significant difference in serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol between control and LC-fed broilers. There was also no significant difference in the weights of organs of control and LC-fed broilers. 5. The results indicated that the mixture of 12 Lactobacillus strains have a hypolipidaemic effect on broilers.

Matched MeSH terms: Lipids/blood*

Fulltext Case of a non-pulsatile groin swelling

Razif MA, Rajasingam V, Abdullah BJJ

Med J Malaysia, 2002 Dec;57(4):499-502.

PMID: 12733179

We report a case of a non-pulsatile groin swelling in a 38 years old male drug addict without the typical clinical signs of an aneurysm. Ultrasound revealed a left femoral artery pseudo-aneurysm. He was surgically treated and the vessels were ligated without revascularisation.

Matched MeSH terms: Groin/blood supply

Fulltext Revascularization for foot salvage in diabetic critical foot ischaemia

Yii MK, Liew NC

Med J Malaysia, 1999 Sep;54(3):325-8.

PMID: 11045058

A consecutive series of 32 diabetic patients, 16 male and 16 female, who presented to the authors with critical limb ischaemia was reviewed over a two-year period. Atherosclerotic risk factors and co-morbidities were present in 56% of these patients. Diagnostic angiography was performed in all patients. Revascularization was achieved in 91% of the cases with three perioperative deaths. Ten bypasses were anastomosed distally to one of the crural or ankle arteries at the foot. Major amputations were required in five patients who had had revascularization and in 4 of these gross sepsis was the main factor responsible for limb loss despite patent grafts. The primary graft patency rates at one month and one year were 96% and 90% respectively. Surgical reconstruction was possible in the majority of diabetic patients with critical ischaemia and should be offered to patients preferably before the establishment of gross sepsis to improve limb salvage.

Matched MeSH terms: Foot/blood supply*

Improved high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of terazosin in human plasma

Cheah PY, Yuen KH, Liong ML

J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl, 2000 Aug 18;745(2):439-43.

PMID: 11043762

A simple, sensitive and reproducible high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for the determination of terazosin in human plasma. The method involves a one-step single solvent extraction procedure using dichloromethane with a 0.25 ml plasma sample. Recovery values were all greater than 90% over the concentration range 0.25-100 ng/ml. Terazosin was found to adsorb to glass or plastic tubes, but this could be circumvented by using disposable plastic tubes. Also, rinsing the injector port with methanol after each injection helped to prevent any carry-over effect. The internal standard, prazosin, did not exhibit this problem. The method has a quantification limit of 0.25 ng/ml. The within- and between-day coefficient of variation and accuracy values were all less than 7% over the concentration range 0.25-100 ng/ml and hence the method is suitable for use in pharmacokinetic studies of terazosin.

Matched MeSH terms: Prazosin/blood*

Fulltext The pale and limping child

S Fadilah SAW, Cheong SK, Shahdan S

Postgrad Med J, 2000 Nov;76(901):717, 725-6.

PMID: 11060153 DOI: 10.1136/pmj.76.901.717

Matched MeSH terms: Burkitt Lymphoma/blood

Prevalence of glucose intolerance among Malays in Brunei

van Eekelen A, Stokvis-Brantsma H, Frölich M, Smelt AH, Stokvis H

Diabetes Care, 2000 Sep;23(9):1435-6.

PMID: 10977050

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose/metabolism

Fulltext Characteristics of acute pancreatitis in University Kebangsaan Malaysia

Nadesan S, Qureshi A, Daud A, Ahmad H

Med J Malaysia, 1999 Jun;54(2):235-41.

PMID: 10972035

We analyzed the characteristics of patients presenting with acute pancreatitis to our unit. A total of 71 patients were admitted to the Surgical Department at University Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) over a period of seven years, between January 1990 to December 1996 with acute pancreatitis. There was a fourfold increase in incidence of acute pancreatitis in our hospital from January 1990 to December 1996. The commonest identifiable aetiology was gallstones followed by alcohol. There were two deaths. We conclude that acute pancreatitis is increasingly being diagnosed in our local population. This may be due to either greater awareness or changes in lifestyle of the population.

Matched MeSH terms: Amylases/blood

Fulltext Tall precordial T waves with depressed ST take-off: an early sign of acute myocardial infarction?

Soo CS

Singapore Med J, 1995 Apr;36(2):216, 236-7.

PMID: 7676272

Matched MeSH terms: Creatine Kinase/blood

Activated recombinant factor VII in the treatment of retroperitoneal haemorrhage in a patient with factor VIII inhibitor

Ng SC

Ann Acad Med Singap, 1994 Nov;23(6):901-2.

PMID: 7741509

The management of haemorrhagic episodes in patients with factor VIII inhibitor is difficult and the outcome rather unpredictable. The use of an investigational drug, that is, activated recombinant factor VII (rFVIIa) in a young non-haemophiliac patient with spontaneous occurrence of factor VIII inhibitor who presented with life-threatening retroperitoneal haemorrhage is reported. There was prompt achievement of haemostasis with rFVIIa after the patient had failed conventional therapy with factor IX and Autoplex. Two further episodes of retroperitoneal bleeding again responded promptly to rFVIIa therapy.

Matched MeSH terms: Hemorrhage/blood

Fulltext Unilateral superior ophthalmic vein thrombosis in a user of oral contraceptives

Jaais F, Habib ZA

Med J Malaysia, 1994 Dec;49(4):416-8.

PMID: 7674980

A patient on oral contraceptives over several years developed unilateral proptosis, haemorrhagic retinopathy and increase in intraocular pressure. An orbital vein venogram confirmed the diagnosis of right superior ophthalmic vein thrombosis. There was complete resolution of thrombosis and eye signs and symptoms with discontinuation of the oral contraceptive.

Matched MeSH terms: Orbit/blood supply*

Genetic problems and genetic services in Malaysia: a country report

Hassan K

Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1995;26 Suppl 1:11-5.

PMID: 8629087

Matched MeSH terms: Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency/blood

Djenkol bean poisoning (djenkolism): an unusual cause of acute renal failure

Segasothy M, Swaminathan M, Kong NC, Bennett WM

Am J Kidney Dis, 1995 Jan;25(1):63-6.

PMID: 7810535

This report describes a patient with acute renal failure that resulted from the ingestion of djenkol beans. Features of acute djenkolism include nausea, vomiting, bilateral loin pain, gross hematuria, and oliguria. The blood urea level was 16.2 mmol/L and the serum creatinine was 460 mumol/L. Phase contrast microscopy of the urinary sediment indicated that the hematuria was nonglomerular. Ultrasound of the kidneys showed slightly enlarged kidneys with no features of obstruction. Renal biopsy showed acute tubular necrosis similar to the single animal study reported in the literature. With conservative therapy, which included rehydration with normal saline and alkalinization of the urine with sodium bicarbonate, the acute renal failure resolved. Based on its chemistry, djenkol bean-associated acute renal failure may be analogous to acute uric acid nephropathy.

Matched MeSH terms: Acute Kidney Injury/blood

The distribution of immunoregulatory cells in the peripheral blood of normal Malaysian adults

Chin SF, Cheong SK, Lim YC, Ton SH

Malays J Pathol, 1993 Jun;15(1):49-52.

PMID: 8277790

The distribution of immunoregulatory cells in the peripheral blood of an individual has now been established as an important tool in helping the management of several diseases. It is necessary to set the normal ranges of these cells for the laboratory. We have undertaken in this study to establish the reference ranges for normal Malaysian adults. We found that the mean percentages of T cells, B cells, T Helper cells (CD4), T suppressor cells (CD8), NK cells and the ratio of CD4/CD8 were 70.91%, 11.38%, 38.15%, 37.76%, 17.45%, and 1.00 respectively. There was no significant difference between the sexes. In certain parameters, there was significant differences between Malay, Chinese and Indians. The Chinese and Indians were significantly different in the distribution of B cells and in the CD4/CD8 ratio. In the case of CD4 and NK cells, the Indians were different from the other two groups.

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Cell Count*

Immunoglobulin E reactivity to latex antigens in the sera of patients from Finland and the United States

Kurup VP, Kelly KJ, Turjanmaa K, Alenius H, Reunala T, Palosuo T, et al.

J Allergy Clin Immunol, 1993 Jun;91(6):1128-34.

PMID: 8509575

BACKGROUND: Patients with latex sensitivity and latex antigens from the United States and Finland, two countries where allergic reactions to latex have been widely reported, were evaluated to determine the spectrum of immune responses.

METHODS: Sera from 27 patients from Finland and 18 from the United States with latex allergy and control sera from nonsensitive individuals were studied for latex-specific IgE antibodies. Four antigen preparations were used: two extracted from gloves and one each extracted from rubber tree sap from Malaysia and India. All 45 patients had skin prick test results that were positive to latex antigens, and all sera were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with the various antigens.

RESULTS: There were considerable differences in the reactivity of patient sera with the different antigens. Only 50% of the sera from patients with latex allergy from Finland demonstrated significant levels of IgE to latex as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. These patients showed more reactivity with rubber tree sap antigens than with glove antigens. However, 72% of the patients from the United States demonstrated antibodies to latex, and no marked differences were noted between the antigen extracts.

CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that reagents such as rubber tree sap, which contain multiple clinically significant antigenic components, should be included in evaluation of latex allergy and that differences in patient populations may result in serologic variances.

Matched MeSH terms: Immunoglobulin E/blood*

Dengue fever complicated by pulmonary haemorrhage manifesting as haemoptysis

Liam CK, Yap BH, Lam SK

J Trop Med Hyg, 1993 Jun;96(3):197-200.

PMID: 8505777

A 17-year-old girl was admitted to hospital with dengue fever. On the ninth day of fever she developed haemoptysis and chest X-ray changes consistent with haemorrhage in her lungs. Thrombocytopaenia and mild coagulopathy were the most likely cause of this unusual haemoptysis in this patient. Investigations excluded other causes for the haemoptysis.

Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Viral/blood

Fulltext Human immunodeficiency virus infection in recipients of living unrelated donor renal transplants--a report of 4 cases

Hooi LS

Med J Malaysia, 1993 Jun;48(2):232-5.

PMID: 8350803

Four cases of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1) infection, probably following living unrelated donor renal transplantation done in India, are reported. One of them subsequently developed Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS).

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Transfusion/adverse effects

Fulltext Antiphospholipid antibodies and stroke in the young--a study of three cases

Lee MK, Cheng HM, Ng SC, Menaka N, Tan CT, Wang F

Med J Malaysia, 1993 Sep;48(3):330-5.

PMID: 8183147

Cerebral infarction in the young is likely to be non-atheromatous. While in previous studies no cause has been found in 40% to 50% of patients, an increasing role for haemorheological factors is becoming apparent. Among these, an association between antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) and ischaemic cerebrovascular disease is now well-recognised. This entity has not been previously reported in Malaysian patients. In a study of 80 patients with stroke below the age of 50 years who were seen at the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, between January 1982 and May 1992, 3 patients with ischaemic cerebral infarction were found to have aPLs. aPLs was detected using ELISA method for anticardiolipin antibodies (aCLs), and presence of lupus anticoagulant (LA) was established by kaolin clotting time, thromboplastin inhibition test and platelet neutralisation procedure. Only 1 patient had active systemic lupus erythematous. Cerebrovascular events were recurrent in one of the 2 non-lupus patients. aPL-related stroke should be considered in young patients who have cerebral ischaemia occurring without obvious cause. More cases are likely to emerge in Malaysia with active screening.

Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Antiphospholipid/blood*

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