Displaying publications 281 - 300 of 1008 in total

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  1. Fulltext Unraveling the secrets of Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk.: a comprehensive study of morpho-anatomy and DNA barcoding
    Wahyuni DK, Yoku BF, Mukarromah SR, Purnama PR, Ilham M, Rakashiwi GA, et al.
    Braz J Biol, 2023;83:e274315.
    PMID: 38126630 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.274315
    Safety regarding herbal products is very necessary; therefore, routine identification of raw materials should be performed to ensure that the raw materials used in pharmaceutical products are suitable for their intended use. In order for the identification-related data obtained to be accurate, the identification of various kinds of markers is also very necessary. The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics of Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk. based on qualitative morpho-anatomical markers and quantitative DNA coding. The morphology of this plant has herbaceous habit with a taproot and a stem with branches that appear from the middle. Leaves are single type imperfectly arranged oppositely, lanceolatus, finely serrated on the edges, tapered at the base, pointed at the end, and have a pinnate and hairy leaf surface. The flowers consist of ray flowers and tube flowers with a cup shape. Meanwhile, in terms of anatomy, E. alba has aerenchyma, which are scattered in the cortex of the root and stem. In addition, there are anisocytic stomata, glandular trichomes, and non-glandural trichomes with an elongated shape accompanied by ornamentation found on the leaf epidermis. The results of sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree reconstruction show that the sample plants are closely related to species in the genus Eclipta.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Leaves/anatomy & histology
  2. Hard and soft tissue shape variation and changes in Class II division 1 malocclusion during orthodontic treatment: a geometric morphometric analysis
    Chu CS, Marizan Nor M, Mohamed AM, Mohd Hadi Pritam H
    BMC Oral Health, 2023 Nov 27;23(1):931.
    PMID: 38012634 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03684-7
    BACKGROUND: This study aims to determine the hard and soft tissue shape variation and its changes in Class II division 1 malocclusion before and after orthodontic treatment using Geometric Morphometric Analysis.

    METHODS: This retrospective study included 141 pre-treatment and near-end treatment lateral cephalometric radiographs of Class II division 1 malocclusion patients aged 16-40 years with a skeletal II pattern (ANB > 4o). 32 landmarks in Cartesian coordinates were created and identified using MorphoJ software to establish a shape analysis.

    RESULTS: The vertical dimensions (hypodivergent to hyperdivergent facial profiles) showed the largest variation in the general shape of hard and soft tissue, followed by the anteroposterior dimensions (mild to severe skeletal II patterns). Variations of lip shape (long to short), lip protuberance (everted to inverted), and nasolabial angle (obtuse to acute) were present. Orthodontic treatment affected the shape of the hard and soft tissue significantly (p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Lip/anatomy & histology
  3. Metric analyses of an early holocene human skeleton from Gua Gunung Runtuh, Malaysia
    Matsumura H, Zuraina M
    Am J Phys Anthropol, 1999 Jul;109(3):327-40.
    PMID: 10407463
    A nearly complete human skeleton dating to the Early Holocene (epi-Paleolithic culture) excavated from Gua Gunung Runtuh, Malaysia, is described. Cranial, dental, and limb bone measurements are recorded on the skeleton, and compared with early and modern skeletal samples from Southeast Asia and Australia. The comparisons demonstrate that the Gua Gunung specimen is most similar to Australian Aborigines in dental and limb measurements, while the cranial measurements indicate a close affinity to Mesolithic samples from Malaysia and Flores. These findings further suggest that the Gua Gunung skeleton, as well as other fossils from Tabon and Niah, are representative of an early group of people who occupied Sundaland during the late Pleistocene, and may be the ancestors of Australian Aborigines. Some of the dental and limb bone measurements exhibited by the ancestors persist in Southeast Asian populations until the early Holocene. Differences in cranial traits have, however, accumulated since the late Pleistocene in Australian Aborigines and early Southeast Asian peoples.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones/anatomy & histology*
  4. Natal and neonatal teeth: a clinical and histological study
    Rusmah M
    J Clin Pediatr Dent, 1991;15(4):251-3.
    PMID: 1911449
    Nine thousand and six hundred infants delivered in a maternity hospital were examined for the prevalence of natal and neonatal teeth. The prevalence among this group was noted. The teeth were the normal primary incisors that had erupted prematurely. The crown was normal in shape and size with very little root formation. The histological features were that of an immature tooth.
    Matched MeSH terms: Natal Teeth/anatomy & histology*
  5. New hosts of Breinlia booliati in wild rats from Sarawak with further observations on its morphology
    Joon-Wah M, Boo-Liat L
    Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1974 Mar;5(1):22-8.
    PMID: 4839077
    Matched MeSH terms: Filarioidea/anatomy & histology*
  6. A new record of Platynosomum proxilliciens in Malaysian crows (Trematoda: Dicrocoeliidae)
    Singh M, Sinniah B
    Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1980 Mar;11(1):148.
    PMID: 7403950
    Matched MeSH terms: Trematoda/anatomy & histology*
  7. Leucochloridium dasylophi Tubangui 1928 in Malaysian water fowl (Leucochloriidae)
    Sinniah B
    Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1980 Mar;11(1):145.
    PMID: 7403948
    Matched MeSH terms: Trematoda/anatomy & histology*
  8. Acanthocephala from Malaysian water fowl
    Sinriah B, Poopalachelvam M
    Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1980 Mar;11(1):143.
    PMID: 7403946
    Matched MeSH terms: Acanthocephala/anatomy & histology*
  9. Fulltext Crown Group Lejeuneaceae and Pleurocarpous Mosses in Early Eocene (Ypresian) Indian Amber
    Heinrichs J, Scheben A, Bechteler J, Lee GE, Schäfer-Verwimp A, Hedenäs L, et al.
    PLoS One, 2016;11(5):e0156301.
    PMID: 27244582 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156301
    Cambay amber originates from the warmest period of the Eocene, which is also well known for the appearance of early angiosperm-dominated megathermal forests. The humid climate of these forests may have triggered the evolution of epiphytic lineages of bryophytes; however, early Eocene fossils of bryophytes are rare. Here, we present evidence for lejeuneoid liverworts and pleurocarpous mosses in Cambay amber. The preserved morphology of the moss fossil is inconclusive for a detailed taxonomic treatment. The liverwort fossil is, however, distinctive; its zig-zagged stems, suberect complicate-bilobed leaves, large leaf lobules, and small, deeply bifid underleaves suggest a member of Lejeuneaceae subtribe Lejeuneinae (Harpalejeunea, Lejeunea, Microlejeunea). We tested alternative classification possibilities by conducting divergence time estimates based on DNA sequence variation of Lejeuneinae using the age of the fossil for corresponding age constraints. Consideration of the fossil as a stem group member of Microlejeunea or Lejeunea resulted in an Eocene to Late Cretaceous age of the Lejeuneinae crown group. This reconstruction is in good accordance with published divergence time estimates generated without the newly presented fossil evidence. Balancing available evidence, we describe the liverwort fossil as the extinct species Microlejeunea nyiahae, representing the oldest crown group fossil of Lejeuneaceae.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fossils/anatomy & histology; Hepatophyta/anatomy & histology; Bryophyta/anatomy & histology
  10. Fulltext Holoparasitic Rafflesiaceae possess the most reduced endophytes and yet give rise to the world's largest flowers
    Nikolov LA, Tomlinson PB, Manickam S, Endress PK, Kramer EM, Davis CC
    Ann Bot, 2014 Aug;114(2):233-42.
    PMID: 24942001 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcu114
    Species in the holoparasitic plant family Rafflesiaceae exhibit one of the most highly modified vegetative bodies in flowering plants. Apart from the flower shoot and associated bracts, the parasite is a mycelium-like endophyte living inside their grapevine hosts. This study provides a comprehensive treatment of the endophytic vegetative body for all three genera of Rafflesiaceae (Rafflesia, Rhizanthes and Sapria), and reports on the cytology and development of the endophyte, including its structural connection to the host, shedding light on the poorly understood nature of this symbiosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Roots/anatomy & histology; Angiosperms/anatomy & histology*; Flowers/anatomy & histology*
  11. A new species of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Malaysia, with keys to 32 species of the Simulium ceylonicum species-group
    Takaoka H, Sofian-Azirun M, Ya'cob Z, Hashim R, Otsuka Y
    J Med Entomol, 2014 May;51(3):517-28.
    PMID: 24897845
    Simulium (Gomphostilbia) leparense sp. nov. is described from females, males, and pupae collected from Peninsular Malaysia. This new species is assigned to the ceylonicum species-group of the subgenus Gomphostilbia, and is characterized by the female and male scuta covered with dark-brown short hairs, smaller number of male upper-eye facets, presence of shiny paired spots on the male abdominal segments 2-8, and absence of grapnel-shaped hooklets on the pupal abdominal segment 9. The male and pupa of S. capillatum Takaoka, which was originally described from larvae collected from Sarawak and Sabah, are described for the first time. Keys to identify all 32 species of the Simulium ceylonicum species-group including 27 species from other countries are provided for females, males, pupae, and mature larvae.
    Matched MeSH terms: Larva/anatomy & histology; Pupa/anatomy & histology; Simuliidae/anatomy & histology*
  12. Two new species of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Cameron's Highlands, Peninsular Malaysia, with keys to 21 species of the Simulium asakoae species-group
    Takaoka H, Sofian-Azirun M, Ya'cob Z, Hashim R
    Zootaxa, 2014;3765:54-68.
    PMID: 24870884 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3765.1.3
    Two new black fly species, Simulium (Gomphostilbia) brinchangense and S. (G.) tanahrataense, are described on the basis of reared adult females, males, pupae and larvae from Cameron's Highlands, Peninsular Malaysia. These new species are assigned to the asakoae species-group within Simulium (Gomphostilbia) and taxonomic notes are given to distinguish each new species from six known species in Malaysia. Revised keys to identify all 21 species including 13 species from other countries are provided for females, males, pupae and mature larvae. The species diversity of the asakoae species-group in Cameron's Highlands is briefly noted.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diptera/anatomy & histology*; Larva/anatomy & histology; Pupa/anatomy & histology
  13. Fulltext Increasing leaf vein density by mutagenesis: laying the foundations for C4 rice
    Feldman AB, Murchie EH, Leung H, Baraoidan M, Coe R, Yu SM, et al.
    PLoS One, 2014;9(4):e94947.
    PMID: 24760084 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094947
    A high leaf vein density is both an essential feature of C4 photosynthesis and a foundation trait to C4 evolution, ensuring the optimal proportion and proximity of mesophyll and bundle sheath cells for permitting the rapid exchange of photosynthates. Two rice mutant populations, a deletion mutant library with a cv. IR64 background (12,470 lines) and a T-DNA insertion mutant library with a cv. Tainung 67 background (10,830 lines), were screened for increases in vein density. A high throughput method with handheld microscopes was developed and its accuracy was supported by more rigorous microscopy analysis. Eight lines with significantly increased leaf vein densities were identified to be used as genetic stock for the global C4 Rice Consortium. The candidate population was shown to include both shared and independent mutations and so more than one gene controlled the high vein density phenotype. The high vein density trait was found to be linked to a narrow leaf width trait but the linkage was incomplete. The more genetically robust narrow leaf width trait was proposed to be used as a reliable phenotypic marker for finding high vein density variants in rice in future screens.
    Matched MeSH terms: Oryza/anatomy & histology*; Plant Leaves/anatomy & histology*; Plants, Genetically Modified/anatomy & histology*
  14. Comparative morphology of spermatozoa and reproductive systems of zorapteran species from different world regions (Insecta, Zoraptera)
    Dallai R, Gottardo M, Mercati D, Machida R, Mashimo Y, Matsumura Y, et al.
    Arthropod Struct Dev, 2014 Jul;43(4):371-83.
    PMID: 24657729 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2014.03.001
    The male and female reproductive apparatus of Zorotypus magnicaudelli (Malaysia), Zorotypus huxleyi (Ecuador) and Zorotypus weidneri (Brazil) were examined and documented in detail. The genital apparatus and sperm of the three species show only minor differences. The testes are larger in Z. magnicaudelli. Z. huxleyi lacks the helical appendage in the accessory glands. A long cuticular flagellum is present in Z. magnicaudelli and in the previously studied Zorotypus caudelli like in several other species, whereas it is absent in Z. weidneri, Z. huxleyi, Zorotypus hubbardi, Zorotypus impolitus and Zorotypus guineensis. Characteristic features of the very similar sperm are the presence of: a) two dense arches above the axoneme; b) a 9 + 9+2 axoneme with detached subtubules A and B of doublets 1 and 6; c) the axonemal end degenerating with enlarging accessory tubules; d) accessory tubules with 17 protofilaments; e) three accessory bodies beneath the axoneme; and f) two mitochondrial derivatives of equal shape. The first characteristic (a) is unknown outside of Zoraptera and possibly autapomorphic. The sperm structure differs distinctly in Z. impolitus and Z. hubbardi, which produce giant sperm and possess a huge spermatheca. The presence of the same sperm type in species either provided with a sclerotized coiled flagellum in males or lacking this structure indicates that a different organization of the genital apparatus does not necessarily affect the sperm structure. The flagellum and its pouch has probably evolved within Zoraptera, but it cannot be excluded that it is a groundplan feature and was reduced several times. The fossil evidence and our findings suggest that distinct modifications in the genital apparatus occurred before the fragmentation of the Gondwanan landmass in the middle Cretaceous.
    Matched MeSH terms: Genitalia, Female/anatomy & histology; Genitalia, Male/anatomy & histology; Insects/anatomy & histology*
  15. Age at death estimation from bone histology in Malaysian males
    Nor FM, Pastor RF, Schutkowski H
    Med Sci Law, 2014 Oct;54(4):203-8.
    PMID: 24189643 DOI: 10.1177/0025802413506573
    Estimation of age from microscopic examination of human bone utilizes bone remodeling. This allows 2 regression equation to be determined in a specific population based on the variation in osteon turnover in different populations. The aim of this study was to provide age estimation for Malaysian males. Ground undecalcified cross sections were prepared from long limb bones of 50 deceased males aged between 21 and 78 years. Ten microstructural parameters were measured and subjected to multivariate regression analysis. Results showed that osteon count had the highest correlation with age (R = 0.43), and age was estimated to be within 10.94 years of the true value in 98% of males. Cross validation of the equation on 50 individuals showed close correspondence of true ages with estimated ages. Further studies are needed to validate and expand these results.
    Matched MeSH terms: Haversian System/anatomy & histology*; Leg Bones/anatomy & histology*; Arm Bones/anatomy & histology*
  16. Photogrammetric analysis of eyebrow and upper eyelid dimensions in South Indians and Malaysian South Indians
    Packiriswamy V, Kumar P, Bashour M
    Aesthet Surg J, 2013 Sep 1;33(7):975-82.
    PMID: 24018869 DOI: 10.1177/1090820X13503472
    The eyebrow and eyelid are important sexually dimorphic and ethnic features of the face. In cosmetic surgery, maintenance of these landmarks is important to obtaining satisfactory results.
    Matched MeSH terms: Eyebrows/anatomy & histology*; Eyelids/anatomy & histology*; Skin/anatomy & histology*
  17. Dento-facial relationships in individuals with normal occlusion
    Al-Khatib AR, Rajion ZA, Masudi SM, Hassan R, Townsend GC
    Homo, 2013 Aug;64(4):296-311.
    PMID: 23755965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchb.2013.04.002
    The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationships of selected facial measurements with mesio-distal crown widths and dental arch dimensions in individuals with normal occlusions. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 276 subjects with Angle's Class I normal occlusions. Three-dimensional images of the face and dental casts were captured and analyzed using stereophotogrammetric systems. Significant correlations were found between the sagittal facial variables and both upper and lower dental arch dimensions and to lesser degree with the horizontal and vertical variables. The values of correlation coefficients calculated between facial and dental crown measurements ranged from .01 to .50 for upper teeth and .01 to .49 for lower teeth. The values of correlation coefficients between facial and upper dental arch dimensions ranged from .01 to .55 and those between facial and lower dental arch dimensions ranged from .01 to .60. A principal components analysis showed that the sagittal dimensions, face height, nose, labial fissure, binocular widths were positively associated with dental arch dimensions and mesio-distal crown diameters in males. On the other hand, only the sagittal variables were associated with dental dimensions in females. The results of this study confirm that positive associations exist between facial and dental arch dimensions. These relationships should be taken into consideration when attempts are made to modify dental arch size as part of orthodontic treatment. Moreover, these relationships are also relevant to prosthodontists involved with selecting tooth sizes that display optimal functional balance with the craniofacial structures.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Arch/anatomy & histology; Face/anatomy & histology*; Tooth/anatomy & histology*
  18. Fulltext Accessory roots in maxillary molar teeth: a review and endodontic considerations
    Ahmed HM, Abbott PV
    Aust Dent J, 2012 Jun;57(2):123-31; quiz 248.
    PMID: 22624750 DOI: 10.1111/j.1834-7819.2012.01678.x
    Maxillary molar teeth may have accessory roots. The aim of this paper is to review and discuss the endodontic implications of this anatomical variation. A review of the literature was undertaken to identify studies and reported cases where accessory roots have been recorded in maxillary molar teeth. The results show that although the prevalence of accessory roots in maxillary molar teeth is low, they can exist in all three types of maxillary molar teeth, and they may be located palatally, buccally, mesially or distally. Hence, it is essential that dentists undertaking root canal treatment thoroughly assess all teeth to determine how many roots are present in order to provide the best possible outcome of treatment for the patient.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Pulp Cavity/anatomy & histology*; Molar/anatomy & histology*; Tooth Root/anatomy & histology*
  19. The safety zone for mini-implant maxillary anchorage in Mongoloids
    Wey MC, Shim CN, Lee MY, Jamaluddin M, Ngeow WC
    Aust Orthod J, 2012 May;28(1):17-21.
    PMID: 22866589
    This study aimed to establish a safety zone for the placement of mini-implants in the buccal surface between the second maxillary premolar (PM2) and first maxillary molar (M1) of Mongoloids.
    Matched MeSH terms: Alveolar Process/anatomy & histology; Dental Arch/anatomy & histology*; Tooth Apex/anatomy & histology
  20. The axillary arch - morphological and histological study with clinical importance
    Omar N, Abidin FZ, Das S, Abd Ghafar N, Haji Suhaimi F, Abd Latiff A, et al.
    Morphologie, 2010 May;94(305):36-9.
    PMID: 20359930 DOI: 10.1016/j.morpho.2010.03.001
    The latissimus dorsi is a muscle of the back which forms the posterior fold of the axilla and its tendon twists to insert into the floor of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus. Occasionally, the muscle has a muscular slip which crosses the axilla to insert into the pectoralis major. This muscular slip is often termed as "axillary arch." In the present study, we report bilateral axillary arch detected in a 45-year-old male cadaver. The average vertical length of the axillary arch measured 7 cm. The average maximum width of the uppermost, middle and lower part of the arch measured 2, 3.5 and 3.2 cm, respectively. The presence of the axillary arch is an uncommon finding in humans, considering the fact that it is solely found in the animals who prefer to hang on the trees. A histological study of the axillary arch was also performed and it showed skeletal muscle fibres which was uniformly arranged. The presence of the axillary arch may assist in the adduction of the shoulder. It may also compress the axillary vessels and nerves thereby causing resultant symptoms. Prior anatomical knowledge of the presence of axillary arch may be helpful for surgeons performing radical dissection of the axillary lymph nodes and ligation of axillary vessels, clinicians diagnosing abduction syndromes and interventional radiologists interpreting axillary mass in day to day clinical practice.
    Matched MeSH terms: Axilla/anatomy & histology*; Shoulder/anatomy & histology; Muscle, Skeletal/anatomy & histology
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