MyMedR

Potential blood clotting factors and anticoagulants

Jin NZ, Gopinath SCB

Biomed Pharmacother, 2016 Dec;84:356-365.

PMID: 27668535 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.09.057

Hemostasis initiates a wound healing process and stops bleeding of blood within a damaged tissue, an important process in human and animal systems. However, this process needs to revert temporarily during surgery and analyze the clotting mechanism. In the past decade, heparin has been used widely as an anticoagulant in surgery to prevent unwanted blood clotting as it is not expensive, not difficult to control, lack of suitable replacement as well as less harmful to the human. However, heparin has several disadvantages, which include thrombocytopenia and non-specific plasma binding. Moreover, using heparin it may lead dysfunction and platelet aggregation. In this overview, potential clotting factors and anticoagulants are reviewed and special focus was given to get more insights.

Drug Encapsulated Nanoparticles for Treating Targeted Cells

Suk KH, Gopinath SCB

Curr Med Chem, 2017;24(30):3310-3321.

PMID: 28464786 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170502122444

BACKGROUND: Drug encapsulated nanoparticle has the potency to act as an effective antidote for various diseases. It is possible to enhance the bioavailability of drug encapsulated nanoparticle, whereby the yield is significantly higher compared to the standard formulation. The development with drug encapsulated nanoparticle has been improved drastically after demonstrating its capability of showing the enhanced thermophysical properties and stability of the drug. It is also utilized widely in cancer diagnoses, whereby the surface of the nanoparticle can be modified to enable the nanocarriers to reach the targeted location. Thus, the encapsulated nanoparticle can reveal neural stem cell differentiation due to the multifaceted nature and the biophysical cues to control the cell differentiation.

OBJECTIVE: In this overview, different advantages of the drug encapsulated nanoparticle for the downstream applications are narrated with its appealing characteristics.

CONCLUSION: The application of the drug encapsulated nanoparticle is unrestricted as it can be customized to the specific target cell in the living system.

Feasibility of graphene in biomedical applications

Foo ME, Gopinath SCB

Biomed Pharmacother, 2017 Oct;94:354-361.

PMID: 28772213 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.122

Nanotechnology is the developing field, bringing the materials in the nanoscale level, has been applied in the interdisciplinary sciences. Different nanomaterials, such as gold, silver, zinc, copper and graphene are shown to have a wide range of applications. Among these, graphene is one of the faster upcoming two-dimensional nanomaterials utilized in various fields due to its positive features including the properties of thermal, electrical, strength and elasticity. Biomedical applications of graphene have been widely attested to be popular among academician and industrial partners for creating next generation medical systems and therapies. In this review, we selectively revealed the current applications of graphene in the interdisciplinary medical sciences.

Zinc oxide and gold textured Janus nanowire integration in an impedimetric sensor for leptospirosis DNA-biomarker recognition

Haarindraprasad R, Gopinath SCB, Veeradassan P

Biotechnol Appl Biochem, 2022 Dec;69(6):2698-2712.

PMID: 34997977 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2316

A "Janus particle" refers to the production of two materials in a single system and shows a difference in physical characteristics, and two surfaces participate in the formation with different chemistries. This research generated the Janus using a hybrid of zinc oxide (ZnO) and gold (Au) on the sensor surface toward making high-performance DNA sensors. The Janus ZnO/Au-textured film was synthesized via the one-step sol-gel method, which involves a suitable ratio of a mixture of ZnO sol seed solution. The synthesized Janus ZnO/Au-textured film undergoes a low-temperature aqueous hydrothermal route to synthesize quasi-one-dimensional nanowires. The average grain size in the Janus ZnO/Au nanotextured wire was 41.60 nm. The fabricated nanotextured wire was further optimized by tuning the thickness and characterized by XRD and high-resolution microscopy. Electrical characterization was conducted on the Janus ZnO/Au nanotextured wire coupled with an interdigitated electrode sensor to detect the specific leptospirosis DNA strand. The generated device is capable of detecting lower DNA concentration at 1 × 10-13 M with a sensitivity of 8.54 MΩ M-1 cm-2 . The high performance is attained on linear concentrations of 10-6 -10-13 M with the determination coefficient, "I = 135437.63C-3609.07" R2 = 0.9551. A potential strategy is proposed as a base for developing different high-performance sensors.

Chronic disseminated histiocytosis X: a case report

Ong ST, Lian CB

J Clin Pediatr Dent, 1992;17(1):33-5.

PMID: 1290758

A case of chronic disseminated histiocytosis X (Hand-Schuller-Christian Disease) of the mandible is presented. Multi-modal approach to management is discussed.

Molecular Mechanism of Breast Cancer and Predisposition of Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus Propagation Cycle

Ghosh A, Gopinath SCB

Curr Med Chem, 2024 May 08.

PMID: 38721792 DOI: 10.2174/0109298673286234240123100955

Over the past few decades, women have been troubled by grave diseases such as breast cancer, which are biologically and molecularly classified as hereditary diseases. Even though the risk of other cancers is relatively different and the downstream pathway of genetic mutation differs from breast cancer, the continued transformation of genes such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 leads to breast cancer malignancy. Notably at the molecular level, a parallel connection between the normal growth of breast and the progression of mammary cancer where the breast cancer stem cells play a crucial role in the advancement of mammary carcinoma. Arguably, several significant signaling pathways, for instance, ER signaling, HER2 signaling, and Wnt signaling control the typical breast development as well as breast stem cells, thereby cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and cell motility are involved. Incidentally, the Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus (MMTV) is notable among the unexplained viral components influenced by virus-corrupting mammary carcinomas. According to the genesis, MMTV proviral DNA is integrated into mammary epithelial cells, and genomic lymphoid cells during viral replication and triggers the progression of cellular oncogenesis. This overview reveals the deadliest theories on breast cancer, molecular mechanisms, and the MMTV transmission cycle. To establish prevention therapies that are both acceptable and efficacious, addressing apprehensions related to the toxicity of these interventions must be a preliminary hurdle to overcome.

Sodium alginate/Hydroxyapatite/nanocellulose composites: Synthesis and Potentials for bone tissue engineering

Iswarya S, Theivasanthi T, Gopinath SCB

J Mech Behav Biomed Mater, 2023 Dec;148:106189.

PMID: 37852086 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106189

Sodium alginate/hydroxyapatite/Nano cellulose (SA/HA/NC) nanocomposite films that possess good biocompatibility for bone tissue engineering are prepared by a simple solution casting. HA is one of the most frequently used bioceramic materials to achieve a high biocompatibility. The bionanocomposite films are analysed by XRD, SEM, EDAX and FTIR studies. XRD confirms the existence of fillers in the polymer. FTIR spectrum shows the different functional modes in the bionanocomposite films. The morphology of fillers and bionanocomposite films are obtained through SEM. The inclusion of NC with different concentrations into the biopolymer film improves the tensile strength. As a result, the loading of 5 wt % of NC and 10 wt% of HA in the SA polymer shows high tensile strength when compared to the pure SA, SA filled with 10 wt% of HA and SA loaded with 10 wt% of HA and inclusion of NC (0.5 and 2.5 wt%). The tensile strength (TS) of bionanocomposite film with 10 wt % of HA is increased by 17%. TS of bionanocomposite film with 0.5 and 2.5 wt% of NC is increased by 177 and 277%, whereas TS of bionanocomposite film loaded 5 wt% of NC is increased by 331%. The swelling, biodegradation and biomineralization tests suggest that this bionanocomposite films are hopeful biomaterials for bone tissue engineering.

Analysis of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 interaction on aptamer-probed interdigitated electrode for breast cancer diagnosis

Hao Y, Gopinath SCB

Biotechnol Appl Biochem, 2024 Feb 26.

PMID: 38409854 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2566

Breast cancer has been reported to be high in its incidence with women, and early identification of breast cancer helps to improve and provide an effective treatment. Tumor markers are active substances; in particular, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is over-expressed at the level of 20%-30%. This research work developed a highly sensitive HER2 biosensor on the interdigitated electrode (IDE) by using aptamer as a detection probe. To enhance the analytical performances, aptamer was attached to the gold nanoparticle and immobilized on the IDE through a chemical linker [(3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane]. On the aptamer conjugation, HER2 was quantified through current-volt measurements, and the limit of detection of HER2 was calculated as 1 pg/mL on a linear range from 0.1 to 3000 pg/mL at an R2 (regression coefficient) of 0.9657. Further, a selective performance with human serum increased the current responses by increasing HER2 concentrations. Specific experiments with control protein and complementary aptamer sequence failed to enhance the current responses. This HER2 biosensor reflects the occurrence of breast cancer at its lower abundance and helps to identify the associated complications.

Fulltext Quantification of cortisol for the medical diagnosis of multiple pregnancy-related diseases

Zhang J, Gopinath SCB

3 Biotech, 2020 Feb;10(2):35.

PMID: 31988829 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-2030-z

Cortisol is a stress hormone released from the adrenal glands and is responsible for both hyperglycemia and hypertension during pregnancy. These factors make it mandatory to detect the levels of cortisol during pregnancy to identify and treat hypoglycemia and hypertension. In this study, cortisol levels were quantified with an aptamer-conjugated gold nanorod using an electrochemical interdigitated electrode sensor. The surface uniformity was analyzed by high-power microscopy and 3D-nanoprofiler imaging. The detection limit was determined to be 0.01 ng/mL, and a linear regression indicated that the sensitivity range was in the range of 0.01-0.1 ng/mL, based on a 3σ calculation. Moreover, the specificity of the aptamer was determined by a binding analysis against norepinephrine and progesterone, and it was clearly found that the aptamer specifically recognizes only cortisol. Further, the presence of cortisol was detected in the serum in a dose-dependent manner. This method is useful to detect and correlate multiple pregnancy-related diseases by quantifying the levels of cortisol.

UCH-L1 and GFAP: Efficient biomarkers for diagnosing traumatic brain injury

Lakshmipriya T, Gopinath SCB

Brain Spine, 2024;4:102913.

PMID: 39229482 DOI: 10.1016/j.bas.2024.102913

Brain-spine interface for movement restoration after spinal cord injury

Lakshmipriya T, Gopinath SCB

Brain Spine, 2024;4:102926.

PMID: 39247724 DOI: 10.1016/j.bas.2024.102926

A potent anticoagulant hybrid of snake venom derived FIX-binding protein and anti-factor IX RNA aptamer: Assessed by in-silico and electrochemical analyses

Krishnan H, Gopinath SCB

Int J Biol Macromol, 2023 Aug 30;247:125740.

PMID: 37423441 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125740

Anticoagulant therapies are crucial in the management of surgical complications as well as the prophylaxis of thrombosis. Many studies are being conducted on the Habu snake-venom anticoagulant, FIX-binding protein (FIX-Bp), for its greater potency and strong affinity to FIX clotting factor. On the other hand, the capacity to promptly reverse such acute anticoagulation is equally important. Combining a reversible anticoagulant with FIX-Bp may be advantageous in maintaining the balance between adequate anticoagulation and repealing when necessary. In this study, authors integrated FIX-Bp and RNA aptamer-based anticoagulants into a single target, FIX clotting factor, in order to achieve a robust anticoagulant effect. An in-silico and electrochemical approach were used to investigate the combination of FIX-Bp and RNA aptamers as a bivalent anticoagulant and to verify the competing or predominant binding sites of each anticoagulant. The in-silico analysis discovered that both the venom- and aptamer-anticoagulant had a strong affinity for the FIX protein at the Gla-domain and EGF-1 domain by holding 9 conventional hydrogen bonds with the binding energy of -34.859 kcal/mol. The electrochemical technique verified that both anticoagulants had different binding sites. The impedance load upon RNA aptamer binding to FIX protein was 14 %, whereas the addition of FIX-Bp caused a significant impedance rise of 37 %. This indicates that the addition of aptamers prior to FIX-Bp is a promising strategy for the conception of a hybrid anticoagulant.

Nanomaterials in food industry for the protection from mycotoxins: an update

Thirugnanasambandan T, Gopinath SCB

3 Biotech, 2023 Feb;13(2):64.

PMID: 36718411 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03478-2

The storage of food grains against the fungal infection has been a great challenge to the farmers, but nanotechnology provides a solution to address this problem. The application of nanotechnology for the storage of food grains replaces synthetic fungicides in agriculture. Inorganic nanoparticles such as silver and zinc oxide are well-known for their antifungal activity. Green synthesized nanoparticles show enhanced antimicrobial activity than the chemically synthesized nanoparticles. Extracts and essential oils derived from plants exhibit very good antifungal properties. The synthesized nanoparticles can be impregnated in packaging materials, which are used to store food grains. Natural materials are having advantages like non-toxicity and easier to degrade and are suitable for food safety. This overview discusses the nanomaterials-mediated protection of food materials from mycotoxin and its releases into the open environment.

Immune Checkpoint Protein for Monitoring Head and Neck Cancer Prognosis

Lakshmipriya T, Gopinath SCB

Curr Med Chem, 2024 Aug 16.

PMID: 39161150 DOI: 10.2174/0109298673331754240806054935

Mesenchymal Stem Cells: An Effective Therapy Regime for Oral Cancer

Lakshmipriya T, Gopinath SCB

Curr Stem Cell Res Ther, 2024 Dec 12.

PMID: 39670492 DOI: 10.2174/011574888X358204241208161841

Fulltext Depressive disorders and family functioning among the caregivers of patients with schizophrenia

Osman CB, Alipah B, Tutiiryani MD, Ainsah O

East Asian Arch Psychiatry, 2010 Sep;20(3):101-8.

PMID: 22348863

Objective: To determine the prevalence of depressive disorders among caregivers of patients with schizophrenia, its association with patient’s and caregiver’s socio-demographic characteristics and family functioning.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of caregivers of patients with schizophrenia at the outpatient clinic, Hospital Permai Johor Bahru, Malaysia. The study was conducted between August and October 2008. A total of 243 caregivers who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled, of whom 232 completed the self-administered socio-demographic questionnaire, the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-30) and the McMaster Family Assessment Device. A total of 33 caregivers with the GHQ-30 cut-off point of 7/8 were assessed further by the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview to diagnose depressive disorder.
Results: The prevalence of psychological distress in our study sample was 14% (n = 33) and that of depressive disorders was 6% (n = 14). There was no association between patients’ and caregivers’ sociodemographic characteristics with depressive disorders, but there were significant associations between depressive disorders and family functioning dimensions in terms of Communication and Roles.
Conclusion: Although the causal link was not established, the results suggested that depression had a significant association with family functioning among caregivers of patients with schizophrenia.
Key words: Caregivers; Depressive disorder; Schizophrenia

Study site: outpatient clinic, Hospital Permai Johor Bahru, Malaysia.

Autonomy for whom? A perspective from the Orient

Ng LF, Shumacher A, Goh CB

Palliat Med, 2000 Mar;14(2):163-4.

PMID: 10829153 DOI: 10.1191/026921600669696020

Fulltext Helicobacter pylori: prevalence, clinical and endoscopic findings in children who underwnet upper endoscopy for abdominal ailments

Nur Atiqah NA, Lim CB

Med J Malaysia, 2001 Dec;56(4):414-7.

PMID: 12014759

A total of 97 children aged 1 month to 16 years (mean 6.6 years) had upper endoscopies performed in Paediatric Institute, Kuala Lumpur Hospital between January 1997 and December 1999 for various gastrointestinal symptoms. Of these 70 children were tested for Helicobacter pylori. The four most common indications for upper endoscopy were recurrent abdominal pain, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, epigastric pain and vomiting. The overall prevalence of this infection in this heterogenous group of symptomatic children was 10% (7/70). This study shows that H.pylori positivity in a routine endoscopy population is low and does not appear to be associated with specific symptoms.

Fulltext Vignette method for psychiatric case detection in a rural community

Khare CB, Upadhyaya S, Su KW

Med J Malaysia, 1988 Jun;43(2):100-8.

PMID: 3237125

Fulltext Doctor hopping in general practice: a Malaysian survey

Ngeow TF, Chia SF, Ong CB

Aust Fam Physician, 1981 May;10(5):397-9, 401-3.

PMID: 7283844

In a survey of 5233 patients seen in the clinics of three general practitioners, 339 patients were found to be doctor hoppers (6.48 per cent). Respiratory symptoms and fever were the commonest presentation affecting mainly the paediatric age group. No improvement in the symptoms was quoted as the most common reason for switching to another doctor. Many factors contributed to doctor hopping and these were best considered in relation to the illness, the patient and the doctor: From the point of prevention, the doctor himself has a significant role to play, particularly in improving the doctor-patient relationship and patient compliance.
Study site: Johor (Johor Bahru, Batu Pahat, Muar)

Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 319 in total