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Fulltext Relationship between Mindfulness, Psychological Skills, and Mental Toughness in College Athletes

Wu CH, Nien JT, Lin CY, Nien YH, Kuan G, Wu TY, et al.

Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2021 06 24;18(13).
PMID: 34202770 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18136802

Numerous studies have shown that dispositional mindfulness is positively associated with many mental abilities related to sports performance, including psychological skills and mental toughness. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between dispositional mindfulness, psychological skills, and mental toughness among different types of athletes. For this cross-sectional study, 101 college athletes were recruited. Their dispositional mindfulness, psychological skills, and mental toughness were measured by the Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), Athletic Psychological Skills Inventory (APSI), and Traits of Mental Toughness Inventory for Sports Scale (TMTIS). Pearson's correlation was used to calculate how dispositional mindfulness is associated with psychological skills and mental toughness. The results revealed that dispositional mindfulness is positively associated with comprehensive APSI (r = 0.21-0.36, p < 0.05), TMTIS overall (r = 0.27, p < 0.01), positive effort (r = 0.26, p = 0.01), and pressure (r = 0.30, p < 0.01). These findings suggest a positive linkage between mindfulness and the two examined psychological characteristics related to sports performance. Other approaches to increase mindfulness may be considered in the future.
Antibacterial efficacy of poly(hexamethylene biguanide) immobilized on chitosan/dye-modified nanofiber membranes

Xu FX, Ooi CW, Liu BL, Song CP, Chiu CY, Wang CY, et al.

Int J Biol Macromol, 2021 Jun 30;181:508-520.
PMID: 33775766 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.151

This study aimed to develop a novel electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber membrane with the enhanced antibacterial property. The PAN nanofiber membrane was first subjected to alkaline hydrolysis treatment, and the treated membrane was subsequently grafted with chitosan (CS) to obtain a CS-modified nanofiber membrane (P-COOH-CS). The modified membrane was then coupled with different dye molecules to form P-COOH-CS-Dye membranes. Lastly, poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) was immobilized on the modified membrane to produce P-COOH-CS-Dye-PHMB. Physical characterization studies were conducted on all the synthesized nanofiber membranes. The antibacterial efficacies of nanofiber membranes prepared under different synthesis conditions were evaluated systematically. Under the optimum synthesis conditions, P-COOH-CS-Dye-PHMB was highly effective in disinfecting a high concentration of Escherichia coli, with an antibacterial efficacy of approximately 100%. Additionally, the P-COOH-CS-Dye-PHMB exhibited an outstanding wash durability as its antibacterial efficacy was only reduced in the range of 5%-7% even after 5 repeated cycles of treatment. Overall, the experimental results of this study suggested that the P-COOH-CS-Dye-PHMB is a promising antibacterial nanofiber membrane that can be adopted in the food, pharmaceutical, and textile industries.
Fulltext Effects of Brain Breaks Video Intervention of Decisional Balance among Malaysians with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomised Controlled Trial

Hidrus A, Kueh YC, Norsa'adah B, Chang YK, Kuan G

Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2021 08 26;18(17).
PMID: 34501562 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18178972

Brain Breaks® are structured physical activity (PA) web-based videos designed to promote an interest in learning and health promotion. The objective of this study was to examine its effects on decision balance (DB) which consists of the perceived benefits (Pros) and perceived barriers (Cons) of exercise in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A randomised controlled trial was conducted among people with T2DM at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. The intervention group received Brain Breaks videos for a period of four months. The intervention and control groups completed the validated Malay version of DB questionnaire for five times, at pre-intervention, the first month, the second month, the third month, and post-intervention. Multivariate Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance was performed for data analysis. A total of 70 participants were included (male = 39; female = 31) with a mean age of 57.6 years (SD = 8.5). The intervention group showed a significant change in the Pros and Cons factors of DB scores over time. The intervention group showed significantly higher scores for the Pros (p-value < 0.001) and lower scores for the Cons (p-value = 0.008) factors than the control group. In conclusion, the Brain Breaks video is an effective intervention to improve decisional balance in patients with T2DM to help them in deciding on behaviour change to be more physically active.
Removal of protein wastes by cylinder-shaped NaY zeolite adsorbents decorated with heavy metal wastes

Cheng TH, Sankaran R, Show PL, Ooi CW, Liu BL, Chai WS, et al.

Int J Biol Macromol, 2021 Aug 31;185:761-772.
PMID: 34216668 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.177

Cylinder-shaped NaY zeolite was used as an adsorbent for eradicating both heavy metal ions (Cu2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, and Co2+) and proteins from the waste streams. As a pseudo-metal ion affinity adsorbent, NaY zeolite was used in the capture of heavy metal ions in the first stage. The amount (molar basis) of metal ions adsorbed onto NaY zeolite decreased in the order of Cu2+ > Zn2+ > Co2+ > Ni2+. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was utilized as a model of proteins used in the waste adsorption process by NaY zeolite. The adsorption capacities of NaY zeolite and Cu/NaY zeolite for BSA were 14.90 mg BSA/g zeolite and 84.61 mg BSA/g zeolite, respectively. Moreover, Cu/NaY zeolite was highly stable in the solutions made of 2 M NaCl, 500 mM imidazole or 125 mM EDTA solutions. These conditions indicated that the minimal probability of secondary contamination caused by metal ions and soluble proteins in the waste stream. This study demonstrates the potential of Cu/NaY zeolite complex as an efficient pseudo-metal chelate adsorbent that could remove metal ions and water-soluble proteins from wastewater concurrently.
Adsorption and purification performance of lysozyme from chicken egg white using ion exchange nanofiber membrane modified by ethylene diamine and bromoacetic acid

Chang YK, Cheng HI, Ooi CW, Song CP, Liu BL

Food Chem, 2021 Oct 01;358:129914.
PMID: 34000689 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129914

A high-performance polyacid ion exchange (IEX) nanofiber membrane was used in membrane chromatography for the recovery of lysozyme from chicken egg white (CEW). The polyacid IEX nanofiber membrane (P-BrA) was prepared by the functionalization of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber membrane with ethylene diamine (EDA) and bromoacetic acid (BrA). The adsorption performance of P-BrA was evaluated under various operating conditions using Pall filter holder. The results showed that optimal conditions of IEX membrane chromatography for lysozyme adsorption were 10% (w/v) of CEW, pH 9 and 0.1 mL/min. The purification factor and yield of lysozyme were 402 and 91%, respectively. The adsorption process was further scaled up to a larger loading volume, and the purification performance was found to be consistent. Furthermore, the regeneration of IEX nanofiber membrane was achieved under mild conditions. The adsorption process was repeated for five times and the adsorption capacity of adsorber was found to be unaffected.
Fulltext Staying Active under Restrictions: Changes in Type of Physical Exercise during the Initial COVID-19 Lockdown

Benzing V, Nosrat S, Aghababa A, Barkoukis V, Bondarev D, Chang YK, et al.

Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2021 11 16;18(22).
PMID: 34831770 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182212015

The COVID-19 pandemic and the associated governmental restrictions suddenly changed everyday life and potentially affected exercise behavior. The aim of this study was to explore whether individuals changed their preference for certain types of physical exercise during the pandemic and to identify risk factors for inactivity. An international online survey with 13,881 adult participants from 18 countries/regions was conducted during the initial COVID-19 related lockdown (between April and May 2020). Data on types of exercise performed during and before the initial COVID-19 lockdown were collected, translated, and categorized (free-text input). Sankey charts were used to investigate these changes, and a mixed-effects logistic regression model was used to analyze risks for inactivity. Many participants managed to continue exercising but switched from playing games (e.g., football, tennis) to running, for example. In our sample, the most popular exercise types during the initial COVID-19 lockdown included endurance, muscular strength, and multimodal exercise. Regarding risk factors, higher education, living in rural areas, and physical activity before the COVID-19 lockdown reduced the risk for inactivity during the lockdown. In this relatively active multinational sample of adults, most participants were able to continue their preferred type of exercise despite restrictions, or changed to endurance type activities. Very few became physically inactive. It seems people can adapt quickly and that the constraints imposed by social distancing may even turn into an opportunity to start exercising for some. These findings may be helpful to identify individuals at risk and optimize interventions following a major context change that can disrupt the exercise routine.
Fulltext Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies of Lysozyme Adsorption on Cibacron Blue F3GA Dye-Ligand Immobilized on Aminated Nanofiber Membrane

Hsin A, How SC, Wang SS, Ooi CW, Chiu CY, Chang YK

Membranes (Basel), 2021 Dec 07;11(12).
PMID: 34940464 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11120963

The polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber membrane was prepared by the electrospinning technique. The nitrile group on the PAN nanofiber surface was oxidized to carboxyl group by alkaline hydrolysis. The carboxylic group on the membrane surface was then converted to dye affinity membrane through reaction with ethylenediamine (EDA) and Cibacron Blue F3GA, sequentially. The adsorption characteristics of lysozyme onto the dye ligand affinity nanofiber membrane (namely P-EDA-Dye) were investigated under various conditions (e.g., adsorption pH, EDA coupling concentration, lysozyme concentration, ionic strength, and temperature). Optimum experimental parameters were determined to be pH 7.5, a coupling concentration of EDA 40 μmol/mL, and an immobilization density of dye 267.19 mg/g membrane. To understand the mechanism of adsorption and possible rate controlling steps, a pseudo first-order, a pseudo second-order, and the Elovich models were first used to describe the experimental kinetic data. Equilibrium isotherms for the adsorption of lysozyme onto P-EDA-Dye nanofiber membrane were determined experimentally in this work. Our kinetic analysis on the adsorption of lysozyme onto P-EDA-Dye nanofiber membranes revealed that the pseudo second-order rate equation was favorable. The experimental data were satisfactorily fitted by the Langmuir isotherm model, and the thermodynamic parameters including the free energy change, enthalpy change, and entropy change of adsorption were also determined accordingly. Our results indicated that the free energy change had a negative value, suggesting that the adsorption process occurred spontaneously. Moreover, after five cycles of reuse, P-EDA-Dye nanofiber membranes still showed promising efficiency of lysozyme adsorption.
Fulltext The Effects of Mindfulness-Based Intervention on Shooting Performance and Cognitive Functions in Archers

Wu TY, Nien JT, Kuan G, Wu CH, Chang YC, Chen HC, et al.

Front Psychol, 2021;12:661961.
PMID: 34248757 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.661961

This study investigated the effects of a mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) called mindfulness-based peak performance (MBPP) on athletic performance and cognitive functions in archers, as well as the role of psychological status and the dose-response relationship of MBPP in archery performance. Twenty-three archers completed a simulated archery competition and the Stroop task prior to and after MBPP training, which consisted of eight sessions over four weeks, while the mindfulness and rumination levels of the archers were assessed at three time points, namely, before, at the mid-point of, and after the MBPP program. The results revealed that the MBPP program significantly improved the shooting performance (p = 0.002, d = 0.27), multiple cognitive functions (ps < 0.001, d = 0.51~0.71), and mindfulness levels of the archers on the post-test, compared to the pre-test (p = 0.032, η p 2 = 0.15 for general; p = 0.004, η p 2 = 0.22 for athletic). Additionally, negative ruminations level was decreased from the pre-test to the middle-test and post-test (ps < 0.001, η p 2 = 0.43). These findings provide preliminary evidence to support the view that MBPP could serve as a promising form of training for fine motor sport performance, cognitive functions, and specific psychological status, such that it warrants further study.
Fulltext Removal of Ionic Dyes by Nanofiber Membrane Functionalized with Chitosan and Egg White Proteins: Membrane Preparation and Adsorption Efficiency

Chen YS, Ooi CW, Show PL, Hoe BC, Chai WS, Chiu CY, et al.

Membranes (Basel), 2022 Jan 01;12(1).
PMID: 35054589 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12010063

Electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber membrane was functionalized with chitosan and proteins for use in the treatment of dye-containing wastewater. The PAN nanofiber membrane was subjected to alkaline hydrolysis, before being grafted with chitosan and subsequently the proteins from chicken egg white. The resultant nanofiber membrane (P-COOH-CS-CEW) was comprehensively characterized using thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The efficiency of P-COOH-CS-CEW in removing cationic dye toluidine blue O (TBO) and anionic dye acid orange 7 (AO7) in aqueous solution was evaluated. Based on the performance of model fitting, Langmuir and pseudo-second-order kinetic model could be used to describe the performance of P-COOH-CS-CEW in the removal of TBO (pH 10) and AO7 (pH 2) from the dye solutions. The adsorbed TBO and AO7 dyes can be completely desorbed by an elution solution made of 50% (v/v) ethanol and 1 M sodium chloride. After five consecutive adsorption-desorption cycles, the efficiency of dye removal by P-COOH-CS-CEW was maintained above 97%.
Fulltext Effects of Multi-Component Exercise on Sleep Quality in Middle-Aged Adults

Ai JY, Kuan G, Juang LY, Lee CH, Kueh YC, Chu IH, et al.

Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2022 Nov 22;19(23).
PMID: 36497548 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315472

Sleep is a crucial factor in healthy aging. However, most middle-aged adults experience high levels of sleep disorders. While previous findings have suggested exercise training could benefit the quality of sleep, the effects of multi-component exercise on sleep quality are less examined. Accordingly, the current study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a multi-component exercise program on the quality of sleep among middle-aged adults. Twenty-four middle-aged adults were randomly assigned either to a multi-component exercise (MCE) group or a control group. The participants in the MCE group attended a 90-min session per week for 12 weeks. The control group was instructed to maintain their daily routine for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was the sleep quality evaluated by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The secondary outcome was physical fitness, including muscular strength and endurance, balance, and flexibility. Regarding sleep quality, the global mean score (p = 028), sleep disturbances (p = 011), and sleep efficiency (p = 035) of the PSQI scores were significantly reduced in the MCE group after the 12-week intervention. Regarding physical fitness, the flexibility of the MCE group improved significantly after the intervention (p = 028), yet, no significant change was observed in the control group. Additionally, the muscular strength of the control group declined significantly after the 12-week period (p = 034). Our results revealed the effectiveness of the MCE intervention in improving sleep quality and physical fitness in middle-aged adults. Further studies using larger sample sizes, objective measures of sleep quality, different types of exercise training, as well as different populations, are warranted to extend our current findings.
Fulltext Structural equation model of psychological constructs of transtheoretical model, motives for physical activity, and amount of physical activity among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Malaysia

Hidrus A, Kueh YC, Norsa'adah B, Kim Y, Chang YK, Kuan G

PLoS One, 2022;17(3):e0266104.
PMID: 35358248 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266104

BACKGROUND: This study aimed determine the structural relationship between psychological constructs of the transtheoretical model (TTM; processes of change, decisional balance, and exercise self-efficacy), motives for physical activity (PA), and amount of PA among Malaysians with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
METHOD: All participants were recruited from the Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia using a cross-sectional study design with purposive) sampling method. A total of 331 participants were recruited for the present study. Before participation in the study, they were informed that participation in the study was totally voluntary. Those who agreed to participate voluntarily were required to complete the self-administered questionnaire set, which included the processes of change, decisional balance, exercise self-efficacy, physical activity and leisure motivation, and international physical activity questionnaires. Data analysis of structural equation modeling was performed using Mplus 8.
RESULTS: From the 331 participants, most of whom were male (52%) and Malay (89.4%), with a mean age of 62.6 years (standard deviation = 10.29). The final structural equation model fit the data well based on several fit indices [Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.059, Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.953, Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) = 0.925, Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR) = 0.031]. A total of 16 significant path relationships linked between the TTM, motives for PA, and amount of PA.
CONCLUSION: The pros of decisional balance, others' expectations, and psychological condition were constructs that directly affected PA, whereas the other constructs had a significant indirect relationship with the amount of PA. A positive mindset is crucial in deciding a behavioral change toward an active lifestyle in people with T2DM.
Reactive Green 19 dye-ligand immobilized on the aminated nanofiber membranes for efficient adsorption of lysozyme: Process development and optimization in batch and flow systems

Hsu JL, Wang SS, Ooi CW, Thew XEC, Lai YR, Chiu CY, et al.

Food Chem, 2023 Apr 16;406:135028.
PMID: 36446280 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135028

The performance of lysozyme adsorption by the aminated nanofiber membrane immobilized with Reactive Green 19 (RG19) dyes was evaluated in batch and flow systems. The physicochemical properties of the dye-immobilized nanofiber membrane were characterized. The parameters of batch-mode adsorption of lysozyme (e.g., pH, initial dye concentration, and lysozyme concentration) were optimized using the Taguchi method. In a flow process, the factors influencing the dynamic binding performance for lysozyme adsorption in the chicken egg white (CEW) solution include immobilized dye concentration, adsorption pH value, feed flow rate, and feed CEW concentration. The impact of these operating conditions on the lysozyme purification process was investigated. Under optimal conditions, the recovery yield and purification factor of lysozyme achieved from the one-step adsorption process were 98.52% and 143 folds, respectively. The dye-affinity nanofiber membrane also did not exhibit any significant loss in its binding capacity and purification performance after five consecutive uses.

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