MyMedR

In vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of biomaterials on human osteoblast cells CRL-1543; hydroxyapatite, natural coral and polyhydroxybutarate

Shamsuria O, Fadilah AS, Asiah AB, Rodiah MR, Suzina AH, Samsudin AR

Med J Malaysia, 2004 May;59 Suppl B:174-5.

PMID: 15468874

The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxicity of biomaterials; Hydroxyapatite (HA), Natural coral (NC) and Polyhydroxybutarate (PHB). Three different materials used in this study; HA (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2), NC (CaCO3) and PHB (Polymer) were locally produced by the groups of researcher from Universiti Sains Malaysia. The materials were separately extracted in the complete culture medium (100mg/ml) for 72h and introduced to the osteoblast cells CRL-1543. The viability of osteoblast CRL-1543 cultivated with these extraction materials after 72h incubation period was compared to negative control with neutral red assay by using spectrophotometer at 540nm. The results showed the non-cytotoxicity of the materials. After 72h of incubation period, HA showed 123% viable cells, NC was 99.43% and PHB was 176.75%. In this study, cytotoxicity test dealt mainly with the substances that leached out from the biomaterial. The results obtained showed that the materials were not toxic and also promoted cells growth in the sense of biofunctionality.

Effect of powder to liquid ratio on tensile strength and glass transition temperature of alumina filled poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture base material

Mohamed SH, Arifin A, Mohd Ishak ZA, Nizam A, Samsudin AR

Med J Malaysia, 2004 May;59 Suppl B:147-8.

PMID: 15468861

The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanical properties and glass transition temperature (Tg) of a denture base material prepared from high molecular weight poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) and alumina (Al2O3). The glass transition temperature was studied by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The effect of powder-to-liquid ratio was investigated. The result showed that the tensile properties and the Tg were slightly effected by the powder-to-liquid ratio. The ratio of 2.2:1 by weight of powder to liquid was found to be the best ratio for mixing the material to give the best result in this formulation.

Gene expressions screening of human cell line exposed to locally produced biomaterial

Azlina A, Samsudin AR

Med J Malaysia, 2004 May;59 Suppl B:166-7.

PMID: 15468870

In Malaysia, the field of genomics in toxicology is still in infancy. The purpose of this study is to focus on the use of toxicogenomics for determination of gene expressions changes in cultured human fibroblast cells treated with genotoxicology free biomaterial (using Ames test), a locally produced hyroxyapatite. Dose and time response is similar to Ames test with time interval up to 21 days. mRNA is extracted, followed with RT-PCR and polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis. Changes of the gene expressions compared to the non-treated fibroblast mRNA would suggest some gene interactions in the molecule level associated with the exposure of the fibroblast cell line to the biomaterials. Further analysis (cloning & sequencing) shall be carried out to investigate the genes involved as simple changes might not signified toxicity.

Tensile strength and water absorption of alumina filled poly (methyl methacrylate) denture base material

Nizam A, Mohamed SH, Arifin A, Mohd Ishak ZA, Samsudin AR

Med J Malaysia, 2004 May;59 Suppl B:145-6.

PMID: 15468860

The aim of this study was to evaluate the tensile properties and water absorption of denture base material prepared from high molecular weight poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) and alumina (Al2O3) as particulate filler. Specimens for mechanical testing were prepared by adding composite powder to the monomer followed by hand mixing as in dental laboratory procedure. The tensile strength of the prepared denture base material was slightly higher than commercial denture base material, while the water absorption was almost the same for all formulation of denture base materials.

An in vivo study of a locally-manufactured hydroxyapatite-based material as bone replacement material

Abdul Razak NH, Al-Salihi KA, Samsudin AR

Med J Malaysia, 2004 May;59 Suppl B:119-20.

PMID: 15468847

Defects were created in the mandible of a rabbit model whereby the right side was implanted with hydroxyapatite (HA) while the left side was left empty to act as control. Both the implant and control sites were evaluated clinically and histologically at 4,12,20,22 weeks. Decalcified sections were studied under confocal laser scanning microscope. No reactive cells were evident microscopically in all sections. There was bone ingrowth as early as 4 weeks when viewed by the topographic method. Enhancement of osteoconduction was evident by the presence of abundant capillaries, perivascular tissue and osteoprogenitor cells of the host. At 22 weeks, the implanted defect showed mature bone formation filling almost the whole field. This study demonstrated that the dense HA exhibits excellent biocompatibility as noted by the complete absence of reactive cells. It also promotes osteoconduction.

A comparative study of osseointegration phenomenon in coated and non-coated NiTi implants in a rabbit model

Najafpour HD, Suzina AH, Nizam A, Samsudin AR

Med J Malaysia, 2004 May;59 Suppl B:121-2.

PMID: 15468848

There was a significant increased in Absolute Contact Length measurements of endosteal bone growth along the Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) implant coated with the natural coral powder and Hydroxyapatite (HA) compared to the non-calcium coated implants. This study demonstrated that coated implants seemed to show earlier and higher osseointergration phenomena compared to non coated ones. Furthermore, there was significantly greater bone-to-implant contact at the apical 1/3rd of the coated implants.

In vivo study of CORAGRAF: a preliminary results

Rosdan S, Al-Salihi KA, Suzina AH, Samsudin AR

Med J Malaysia, 2004 May;59 Suppl B:111-2.

PMID: 15468843

The main objective of the study was to determine the biodegradability, resorption and osteoconductivity potency of coral implant. Coral blocks (CORAGRAF) were prepared from sea coral Porites species. The blocks were implanted in the right mandible of rabbit model. Implants were harvested at 2 and 4 weeks intervals and subjected for light and scanning electron microscopy. Dense hydroxyapatite (DHA) was implanted in the left mandible as a control. The results of this study demonstrated that CORAGRAF is a good implant material that can accelerates bone healing and be resorbed in an acceptable time. The mechanisms of the resorption seemed to be the same (crumbling process), a first step where the edge of the coral become powdery then a second step which could be phagocytosis and dissolution in extracellular fluid.

In vitro cytotoxicity testing on valued added hydroxyapatite as bone replacement material

Shaari R, Samsudin AR

Med J Malaysia, 2004 May;59 Suppl B:109-10.

PMID: 15468842

The present in vitro evaluation indicated that the value added hydroxyapatite (HA) was more toxic than pure HA but the toxicity of value added HA was slight compared to the positive control. In this testing, the conclusion can be made that value added HA is less biocompatible than commercialized pure HA. This toxicity may be caused by both the particle size and degradation (leaching). Further studies should be carried out to determine whether there is particle size effect or leaching effect when using powder as compared to the block materials. The in vivo evaluation should be done to assess the reaction to this value added HA as compared to the pure HA.

Mutagenicity of CORAGRAF and REKAGRAF in the Ames test

Suzina AH, Azlina A, Shamsuria O, Samsudin AR

Med J Malaysia, 2004 May;59 Suppl B:105-6.

PMID: 15468840

Mutagenicity of CORAGRAF (natural coral) and REKAGRAF (hydroxyapatite) was tested in Ames test with and without an external metabolic activation system (S9). The test revealed no mutagenic activity of both locally produced osseous substitutes.

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells differentiation and proliferation on the surface of coral implant

Al-Salihi KA, Samsudin AR

Med J Malaysia, 2004 May;59 Suppl B:45-6.

PMID: 15468811

This study was designed to evaluate the ability of natural coral implant to provide an environment for marrow cells to differentiate into osteoblasts and function suitable for mineralized tissue formation. DNA content, alkaline phosptatase (ALP) activity, calcium (Ca) content and mineralized nodules, were measured at day 3, day 7 and day 14, in rat bone marrow stromal cells cultured with coral discs glass discs, while cells alone and coral disc alone were cultured as control. DNA content, ALP activity, Ca content measurements showed no difference between coral, glass and cells groups at 3 day which were higher than control (coral disc alone), but there were higher measurement at day 7 and 14 in the cell cultured on coral than on glass discs, control cells and control coral discs. Mineralized nodules formation (both in area and number) was more predominant on the coral surface than in control groups. These results showed that natural coral implant provided excellent and favorable situation for marrow cell to differentiate to osteoblasts, lead to large amount of mineralized tissue formation on coral surface. This in vitro result could explain the rapid bone bonding of coral in vivo.

Mechanical and thermal properties of hydroxyaptite filled poly (methyl methacrylate) heat processed denture base material

Mohamed SH, Arifin A, Mohd Ishak ZA, Nizam A, Samsudin AR

Med J Malaysia, 2004 May;59 Suppl B:25-6.

PMID: 15468801

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of powder-to-liquid ratio on the glass transition temperature (Tg) and the tensile properties of denture base material prepared from poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and hydroxyapatite (HA) previously treated with 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl methacrylate (gamma-MPS). Specimens for mechanical testing were prepared by adding composites powder (PMMA, BPO and HA) to the monomer (MMA and EGDMA) followed by hand mixing as in dental laboratory description usage. The glass transition temperature was studied by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). It was observed that the tensile properties and the Tg were affected by the powder-to-liquid ratio. The mechanical characterization of the materials were performed by using single edge notch-tension (SEN-T) specimens; the fracture toughness was slightly higher in formulation which contained HA filler compared to commercial denture base material.

Bone biology in craniofacial growth, development and ageing

Samsudin AR

Med J Malaysia, 2004 May;59 Suppl B:6.

PMID: 15468791

Fulltext Congenital nasal encephalocele--a review of surgical techniques

Zamzuri I, Abdullah JM, Samsudin AR

Med J Malaysia, 2004 Oct;59(4):552-4.

PMID: 15779595

We report a case of a 6 month old baby boy who had congenital nasal encephalocele, repaired via the traditional staging procedure. The surgical techniques and procedures are described and discussed.

Hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma of minor salivary gland: case report

Manoharan M, Othman NH, Samsudin AR

Braz Dent J, 2002;13(1):66-9.

PMID: 11870967

Hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma is a low-grade neoplasm of the minor salivary gland composed exclusively of epithelial cells and not myoepithelial cells. It predominantly affects the oral cavity of adult females. It is microscopically characterized by hyalinizing stroma and clear cells, which are typically positive for cytokeratin markers and negative for S 100 and smooth muscle actin (SMA). Cystic degeneration can also be present. Pathologists should be aware of this new entity so as not to misdiagnose otherwise. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of its kind from Malaysia.

Objective assessment of nasal resistance in patients with nasal disease

Suzina AH, Hamzah M, Samsudin AR

J Laryngol Otol, 2003 Aug;117(8):609-13.

PMID: 12956914

Nasal obstruction is a subjective complaint in patients with nasal disease. The ability to quantitate the nasal ventilation dysfunction would be useful for making the appropriate choice of nasal disease management. This cross-sectional study comprised of 200 adult subjects. They underwent assessment of relevant symptoms, nasal examination and investigations before undergoing active anterior rhinomanometry (AAR) assessment. A group of 88 normal subjects and 112 patients with nasal disease were included. The mean total nasal air resistance (NAR) was significantly higher in patients with nasal disease (0.33 Pa/cm(3)/s) as compared to normal subjects (0.24 Pa/cm(3)/s). There was no significant difference in total NAR between patients with symptoms of nasal obstruction and those without the symptoms (p = 0.42). It is concluded that AAR is a sensitive but not a specific tool for the detection of abnormalities in NAR and it failed to relate to the symptom of nasal obstruction.

Active anterior rhinomanometry analysis in normal adult Malays

Suzina AH, Hamzah M, Samsudin AR

J Laryngol Otol, 2003 Aug;117(8):605-8.

PMID: 12956913

The differences in facial anatomical structures of the major ethnic groups, may also be reflected in nasal resistance. Active anterior rhinomanometry (AAR) is the recommended technique for the objective assessment of nasal airway resistance (NAR). This study comprised of 85 adult Malay subjects. All the subjects had to undergo a primary assessment of relevant symptoms of nasal disease and nasal examination before undergoing AAR assessment. The mean value of total nasal airway resistance (NAR) was 0.19 Pa/cm(3)/s (ranged from 0.09 to 0.55 Pa/cm(3)/s) at 75 Pa pressure point and 0.24 Pa/cm(3)/s (ranged from 0.12 to 0.52 Pa/cm(3)/s) at 150 Pa pressure point. The mean unilateral NAR was 0.46 Pa/cm(3)/s at a reference pressure of 75 Pa and 0.51 Pa/cm(3)/s at a reference pressure of 150 Pa. In this study we presented normal values for NAR in healthy Malay adult subjects. AAR proves to be a valuable clinical method for recording and quantitating nasal resistance.

Management of dry socket with low-level laser therapy

Kamal A, Salman B, Ar NH, Samsudin AR

Clin Oral Investig, 2021 Mar;25(3):1029-1033.

PMID: 32562076 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03393-3

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy of delivering low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in the management of dry socket at University Dental Hospital Sharjah.

MATERIALS AND METHOD: Forty-five patients with dry socket were divided into two treatment groups. Group I dry socket patients (n = 30) received conventional treatment while group II patients (n = 15) were irradiated with LLLT at a setting of 200-mW, 6-J, continuous-wave mode using an R02 tipless handpiece (Fotona Er:YAG, Europe), on the buccal, lingual, and middle surfaces of the socket for 30 s from a delivery distance of 1 cm. Pain score and quantification of granulation tissue in the socket were recorded at 0, 4, and 7 days post-dry socket treatment.

RESULTS: Results showed that the LLLT-irradiated group II sockets showed a much lower VAS pain score of 1-2 as early as day 4, and a richer amount of granulation tissue compared to the conventional treated group I socket. The amount and rate of granulation tissue formation in the dry socket are inversely proportional to the pain score showing significant clinical effectiveness of LLLT on promoting the healing of the dry socket, with improvement in symptoms (P = .001). Conventionally treated dry sockets take at least 7 days to match the effective healing of an LLLT-irradiated dry socket.

CONCLUSION: LLLT irradiation influences biomodulation of dry socket healing by dampening inflammation, promoting vascularization, stimulating granulation, and controlling pain symptoms.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: LLLT may be an additional effective tool for managing dry sockets in general dental practice.

Transforming growth factor-alpha and nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without palate or cleft palate only in Kelantan, Malaysia

Rahman RA, Ahmad A, Rahman ZA, Mokhtar KI, Lah NA, Zilfalil BA, et al.

Cleft Palate Craniofac J, 2008 Nov;45(6):583-6.

PMID: 18956930 DOI: 10.1597/07-020.1

To determine the frequency of the transforming growth factor-alpha (TGFalpha) Taq1 polymorphism in nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL+/-P) and cleft palate only (CP) in Kelantan, Malaysia.

Association of Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms with metabolic syndrome and its components among adult Arabs from the United Arab Emirates

Hasan HA, AbuOdeh RO, Muda WAMBW, Mohamed HJBJ, Samsudin AR

Diabetes Metab Syndr, 2017 Dec;11 Suppl 2:S531-S537.

PMID: 28392355 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2017.03.047

AIMS: The aim was to investigate relationships of Vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) polymorphisms to the components of MetS among Arabs adult residing in the United Arab Emirates.

METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 198 Arabs adult (50 males and 148 females). Serum levels of glucose, vitamin D, HDL-C, and TG, and blood pressure were measured. FokI, BsmI & TaqI genotyping of VDR were investigated using PCR-RFLP technique.

RESULTS: Age of the participants was 21(9) years with a BMI of 26.8(7.8) kg/m2. About 15% had MetS with serum vitamin D levels of 25.5(18.2) nmol/L. VDR genotyping yielded: FokI: 57.1% FF and 38.9% Ff, BsmI: 29.8% bb and 51.5% Bb, while TaqI showed 39.4% TT and 43.4% Tt. The ff carriers had higher total cholesterol [174(12.4) mg/dl] than FF and Ff genotypes. Bb carriers showed higher BMI and LDL-C than BB and bb genotypes. In females, FokI VDR polymorphism showed significant association with systolic blood pressure (SBP) and F allele carriers were at higher risk of developing high SBP [x2=4.4, df1, OR=0.29 (95%CI: 0.087-0.98), p=0.035].

CONCLUSION: VDR gene polymorphisms were not associated with MetS, yet it may affect the severity of some of components of MetS, namely the association of BsmI with obesity, FokI and BsmI with dyslipidemia and FokI with SBP.

The Efficacy of Immediate Implant Placement in Extraction Sockets for Alveolar Bone Preservation: A Clinical Evaluation Using Three-Dimensional Cone Beam Computerized Tomography and Resonance Frequency Analysis Value

Qabbani AA, Razak NHA, Kawas SA, Sheikh Abdul Hamid S, Wahbi S, Samsudin AR

J Craniofac Surg, 2017 Jun;28(4):e318-e325.

PMID: 28230596 DOI: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000003569

The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of immediate implant placement with alveolar bone augmentation on socket preservation following atraumatic tooth extraction and comparing it with a tooth alveolar socket that was allowed to heal in a conventional way.Twenty medically fit patients (8 males and 12 females aged between 18 and 40 years) who needed noncomplicated tooth extraction of mandibular premolar teeth were divided randomly and equally into 2 groups. In Group I, the empty extraction socket was left untreated and allowed to heal in a conventional way. In Group II, the immediate implant was placed and the gap between the implant and the inner buccal plate surface of the socket wall was filled with lyophilized bovine bone granules and the wound was covered with pericardium membrane. The patients were followed up clinically and radiologically for regular reviews at 1 week, 3 months, and 9 months postoperative. Cone beam computerized tomography images of the alveolar ridge and socket were analyzed to determine the structural changes of the alveolar ridge. Resonance frequency analysis was measured at 9 months for Group II to assess the degree of secondary stability of the implants by using Osstell machine.A significant difference of bone resorption of 1.49 mm (confidence interval, CI 95%, 0.63-2.35) was observed within the control group at 3 months, and 1.84 mm (P ≤ 0.05) at 9 months intervals. No significant changes of bone resorption were observed in Group II. Comparison between groups showed a highly significant difference at 3 months; 2.56 mm (CI 95% 4.22-0.90) and at 9 months intervals; 3.2 mm (CI 95%, 4.70-1.62) P ≤ 0.001 between Group I and II. High resonance frequency analysis values were observed at 9 months postoperative in Group II.In conclusion, the insertion of immediate implants in fresh extraction sockets together with grafting the circumferential gap between the bony socket wall and the implant surface with bovine bone granules was able to preserve a greater amount of alveolar ridge volume when compared with an extraction socket that was left to heal in a conventional way.

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