Phishing detection is a momentous problem which can be deliberated by many
researchers with numerous advanced approaches. Current anti-phishing mechanisms
such as blacklist-base anti-phishing, Heuristic-based anti-phishing does suffer low
detection accuracy and high false alarm. There is need for efficient mechanism to
protect users from phishing websites. The purpose of this study is to investigate the
capability of 6 machine learning algorithms i.e. Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), Support
Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), Decision Tree (DT), Logistic Regression
(LR) and Naïve Bayes (NB) to classify phishing and non-phishing websites. These
algorithms were trained with two different groups of training in WEKA environment
and then were tested in terms of accuracy, precision, TP rate, and FP rate on a 3
different sets of dataset which contains dissimilar portion of phishing and non-phishing
instances. Results presented that Naïve Bayes classifier has better detection accuracy
between other classifiers for predicting phishing websites while Multi-Layer
Perceptron gave worst result in terms of detection accuracy. The result also showed
that Support Vector machine has better FP rate between other classifier. In addition,
Random Forest, Decision Tree, and Naïve Bayes can classify all phishing websites as
phishing correctly. It means that TP rate is 100% for these classifiers. In conclusion this
paper suggests using NB as the best classifier for predicting phishing and non-phishing
websites.
As the lighting load constituted amount of power in electricity system, improving of efficiency in lighting technology would make a beneficial to consumer, energy provider and environment. Consequently, majority of home lighting manufacturers were competing each other by improving and claiming their product as the best energy efficient lighting product. Knowledge or exposure regarding to lighting technology especially on energy efficiency, power quality and economy are an important issues to give awareness to user before buy or use the lighting product. Therefore in this research study, three types of lighting product such as energy saving incandescent lighting, compact fluorescent lighting (CFL) and solid state lighting (LED) were compared. Comparative parameters were collected from data provided by lighting manufacturer and experimental data conducted in laboratory using power quality meter and lux meter. Hence, these study discussed in term of economy, power and light quality and energy efficiency of the tested lighting product. At the end of this study, the best home lighting technology is determined successfully.
Value management explicitly targets to optimize value by providing necessary
functions at the least cost without sacrificing quality and performance. However, the
activities/methods of this technique in emerging economies are here and there
related to informal methodology. Therefore, the occurrence of these activities in an
evolving economy requires investigation. The exploration of the extent to which the
measured variables influenced the latent factors informed the need for this study.
Data was retrieved via self-administered questionnaire from 344 registered and
practicing construction professionals in Nigeria. The data was analyzed using SPSS for
descriptive analysis and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin
measure of sampling adequacy revealed that the internal consistency of the
developed research instrument was appropriate. Confirmatory factor analysis
indicates satisfactory goodness of fit among acknowledged determinants of the
model. Furthermore, the study revealed three (3) phases of the activities/methods of
value management in the Nigerian construction industry which include: information,
information/function analysis, and creativity/evaluation/development/presentation
phases. This means that value management activities and methods are being
practiced in Nigeria, however not as per the typical methodology or standard. The
need to carry out the practice according to the formal value management
methodology is therefore recommended.
Electrical Discharge Machining, EDM is one of the technologies used for surface
texturing such as the embedded micro-dimples on the metallic acetabular cup. During
the machining process, changes in the gap distance may lead to load changes from
open to short circuit. Limiting the load current under short circuit conditions and load
voltage under open circuit conditions is the requirement in this system. Power supply
is one of the elements that controls the process parameters which is related to improve
the machining condition as well as Material Removal Rate (MRR). A considerable
number of power supply design method were proposed for various EDM application.
This research proposed a Switch Mode Power Supply method implementing new
design of Flyback power supply which can stabilize the voltage during open circuit
condition as well as during discharge condition. Experimental studies were conducted
to verify the capability of Flyback power supply by machining eight micro-dimples in
lower position and twelve micro-dimples in upper position, both in circular
arrangement on metallic acetabular cup. Research conducted shows that the Flyback
power supply improve the consistency of MRR when compared to Linear power supply.
This may help to predict the machining time, thus improving the production of microdimples
in required time.
In this study, we investigate the ability of the bacterial isolates from an Iraqi oil
reservoir, namely POS and PCO Oil to decolorize commercially used model azo dye Acid
Red-27(AR-27). The effects of inoculation volume and glycerol concentrations were
optimized to develop an economically feasible decolourization process. The isolates
were able to decolourize azo dye (AR27) at the highest decolorization efficiency of 98%
in 10 mL bacterial solution consisted of POS and PCO Oil and in the presence of 6.34
g/L glycerol. An optimized MFC using this bacterial consortium (POS + PCO Oil) and
graphite rod electrodes produced a maximum open circuit voltage (OCV) of 175 mV, in
the presence of potassium ferricyanide as the electron acceptor at the cathode. The
maximum current density of 1.7 μA/cm² and power density of 59.3 μW/cm² were
achieved when an external load of 5 kΩ was applied. Morphological analysis was
performed using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to prove the bacterial
attachment onto the anode surface (graphite rod) in the MFC operation. This work
proposed that the bacterial strains POS and PCO Oil possess the ability to decolorize
Azo dye AR27 and generate electricity in the absence of nitrogen source.
The water shortage in Selangor Northwest Project rice granary areas has been growing
concern. The increase in plant capacity and the El Nino phenomenon that hit Malaysia
(1998 & 2016) has cause the main source of irrigation; surface water and rainfall, could
no longer meet the needs of paddy. As a consequence, paddy productivity has
becoming serious concern and urge for alternative irrigation water supply. At the same
time, the use of groundwater as a source of alternative supply of irrigation water has
started to get attentions. However, to determine the potential groundwater aquifer,
preliminary study should be made in advance. Thus, the focus of this paper is to
investigate the geological structure of the Selangor Basin by means analysis of
borehole information. A total of 56 tube wells data were used to obtain layers of
subsurface in the study area. By using groundwater modelling software (Visual
MODFLOW), a model that represents an actual geological conditions has been made.
A total of 6 subsurface layers have been identified. The result of study showed that,
the geological formations of the study area mainly consist of three types; alluvium,
sedimentary and metamorphic rock.
Anaerobic wastewater treatment technology has become one of the most popular technologies due to its economic and environmental benefits. Therefore, a reliable method to study the specific methanogenic activity (SMA) of anaerobic sludge is presented using SMA test. This test helps to determine suitable organic loading rate (OLR) to the anaerobic process. Meanwhile, SMA act as a benchmark to the anaerobic system performance where a slight change in SMA stipulate the accumulation of inhibitory substances from influent wastewater. One of the possible substances that inhibit the anaerobic digestion process is the presence of excessive light metal ions such as sodium (Na+) from the wastewater. The objective of this research was to investigate the specific methanogenic activity of anaerobic sludge in anaerobic filter and anaerobic digester as well as to compare and analyze anaerobic methanogenic bacteria under the effect of potentially inhibitory compound in both anaerobic digester and anaerobic filter. Two sources of inoculums (one from the anaerobic digester and one from the anaerobic filter) were adapted with sodium with varied range of concentrations which was 0 to 5 g Na + /l, before conducting SMA test by means of pressure differences. For the anaerobic digester, the SMA varied from 0.25 to 0.31 g COD/g VS.day meanwhile for the anaerobic filter, the SMA varied from 0.40 to 0.51 g COD/g VS.day. The result obtained confirmed that sludge from POME have better tolerance towards sodium than influents from petrochemical wastewater.
Membrane technologies have received high interest in the separation gas mixture. The
ceramic inorganic membranes have possessed high permeability, excellent thermal,
chemical and mechanical stabilities compared to conventional polymer membranes.
This work presents the fabrication of silica ceramic membrane by sol dip-coating
method. The tubular support was dipped into the solution of tetrethylorthosilicate
(TEOS), distilled water and ethanol with the addition of nitric acid as a catalyst. The
fabricated silica membrane was then characterized by (Field Emission Scanning
Electron Microscope) FESEM and (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) FTIR to
determine structural and chemical properties at different dipping number. FESEM
images indicate that the silica has been deposited on the surface fabricated ceramic
membrane and penetrate into the pore walls. However, number of dipping did not
affect the intensity peak of FTIR analysis.
Mechanical responses and failure of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite
laminates could be predicted using the validated finite element (FE) simulation. The
material constitutive and damage models employed in the simulation are developed
based on the properties of the unidirectional lamina, including those obtained
through tension tests. Such computational model assumes perfectly aligned fibers in
the lamina. In this respect, this paper examined the effect of fabrication-inherited
fiber misalignment on the tensile response of the unidirectional lamina. For this
purpose, a series of tension tests are performed on unidirectional carbon fiberreinforced
polymer (CFRP) composite lamina specimens with different gage lengths
ranging from 50 to 150 mm. Fiber misalignment is quantified to be 7o and represents
the nominal deviation of the fibers from the reference longitudinal axis direction.
Load-displacement responses of the specimens are compared. Results show that the
nominal tensile strength of the lamina is 1089±33 MPa. The elastic modulus,
however, increases from 36.96 to 55.93 GPa as the gage lengths vary from 50 to 150
mm, respectively. This is due to the induced bending effects on the reinforcing fibers
that is greater for longer gage lengths. Multiple fiber fracture events, each is depicted
in a noticeable load drop, are recorded throughout the tensile loading of long lamina
specimens. Although the load at fracture is accurately reproduced by the FE
simulation using the damage-based mesoscale model, the effect of fiber
misalignment could not be captured.
In this paper, an extensive work on the natural frequency of perforated plate has
been made by introducing micro-holes on the plate. The micro-holes, which is known
to have a remarkable performance in several applications, were arranged diagonally
among the perforated holes in order to make a new combination of micro-macro
perforated plate. A 3D geometrical model of the plate was made in the Autodesk
Inventor and the Finite Element (FE) simulation was employed to calculate the
natural frequency and visualize the mode shape. Four models were made with
various micro-holes diameter starting from 0,25, 0,5, 0,75 and 0,9 mm, respectively.
The macro holes diameter, however, was kept constant to be 1,5 mm purposely to
know the effect of micro holes in particular. The results from the models were then
compared to a single perforated plate (PP) for clarification. It is found that the micro
holes gives considerable effect to the perforated plate natural frequency. Similar to
the author previous findings, the diameter of the micro holes is proportional to the
natural frequency reduction.
Recently RESS method has been used by researchers to produce fine particles for pharmaceutical drug substances. Since RESS technology acknowledges a lot of benefits compare to conventional method of ginger extraction. Therefore, the objective of this research is to produce direct solid oil particles formation from ginger rhizome which contains valuable compounds by using RESS-CO2 process and to study the effect of pressure and temperature on extraction yield. RESS experiments were carried out at various extraction pressure of 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000 and 7000psi and at different extraction temperature of 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65 and 70°C, respectively for 40 minutes extraction time and constant flowrate (24ml/min).From the studies conducted, it was found that extraction pressure is an important factor that can affect particle size and extraction yield. By increasing the extraction pressure, the extraction yield was found to increase with increasing of pressure at constant temperature, but extraction yield was found to decrease with increasing temperature. The highest extraction yield is 2.41% obtained at extraction pressure of 6000psi and constant extraction temperature of 65°C.
Most of the previous researchers used conventional extraction technique such as steam distillation and solvent extraction method in Chromolaena Odorata extraction. Therefore, in this study a clean extraction method that is Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) technology using supercritical carbon dioxide as a solvent (SC-CO2) was introduced for Chromolaena Odorata leaves extraction to produce oil of bioactive components. The objective of this research was to find the optimum pressure for the highest oil yield extracted. The extraction was conducted within a range of temperature (40, 45 and 50°C) and pressure (3000, 3500, 4000, 4500 and 5000psi), at a constant flowrate (24 ml/min) for 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 minutes of extraction time. From the studies, it was found that extraction pressure is an important factor that can affect the extraction yield where the oil yield increased as the pressure increased due to the increasing amount of CO2 consumed where it boost the density of the solvent to interact with the solute. The highest oil yield is 51.20% at pressure of 4000psi and temperature 50°C. Whereas at the highest pressure of 5000psi, the oil yield is the lowest. This shows that the extraction is not suitable at pressure 5000psi.
This paper assessed the effect of time overruns on apartment building among
Kuantan Malaysian construction industries. A survey was conducted among 10
construction industries in Kuantan Pahang. Using proportionate stratified random
sampling, out of which 10 questionnaires were distributed for data analysis. Using
five point Likert scale categories from previous studies, statistical analysis affirmed a
significant positive relationship between time overruns and apartment building
among Kuantan Malaysian construction industries.
Pork and bovine collagen incorporated into meat products showed promising
functional properties as food ingredients but has the halal issue. This study
investigated the effect of incorporating fish collagen hydrolysate (FCH) as a fat replacer
in buffalo patties in terms of proximate values, texture and colour properties. There
were five different formulations including a control (10% fat, 0% FCH), A (7.5% fat, 2.5%
FCH), B (5% fat, 5% FCH), C (2.5% fat, 7.5% FCH), and D (0% fat, 10% FCH). There were
no significant differences (p>0.05) between all formulations in terms of cooking yield,
shrinkage, water-holding capacity, and pH value. The sensory test showed no
significant difference (p>0.05) between all formulations in terms of colour,
appearance, juiciness, aroma, and overall acceptability, while sample D with 10% FCH
had significantly lower (p
Chitin is a biopolymer that forms the exoskeleton of arthropods, and found in the shells of crustacea and in the cell walls of certain fungi and algae. Commercially, chitin is obtained from processing the outer skeleton of crustacea such as shrimp, crab, prawn, and crayfish. Extraction of chitin was carried out using various chemical procedures. The study aim is to examine characteristic of chitin for different aging of Leucaena leucephala pods using hydrochloric acid (HCl). Different aging of the raw materials was used to study their effect of nitrogen content in the pods. In this study, chitin in Leucaena leucephala was extracted using chemical methods by using hydrochloric acid (HCl). The extracted chitin was then characterized by using elemental analyzer. The results obtained revealed that the percentage of nitrogen and carbon content in the samples was significantly reduced after extraction. Elemental analysis, the N% value in younger pods is closer to the theoretical value than adult pods. The purity of chitin in younger pods is higher than chitin in the adult pods.