The role of a mother alone is very challenging. With an additional role as a student or a worker add more burden to them. It is undeniable that Malaysian women in the 21st century has more roles than women in the pre-independent era. Nowadays, women have equal opportunities to work and pursue higher education like men. The need to provide quality life to the children has also encouraged women to contribute more in the family income. Despite the multiple roles play by women, the household tasks are still managed by them. For this phenomenological research, in-depth interviews were conducted with two participants who studied in public university in Malaysia. By using thematic analysis, four themes were emerged from this study. The themes were challenges, role management, assistance/support and coping strategies. In this study, the major challenge was to balance the role of mother and student. But whatever challenges they faced; family was their priority. Furthermore, spousal support also helped the mothers in managing their multiple roles. From the findings, it is hoped that it gives some insights on the type of support that student mother needs and ways of coping in challenging situation.
Workplace deviant behavior is an action performed voluntarily by an individual and harms the
organizational norms and affects individual, organization or both. Therefore, it is a priority to the
organization to understand and look at the workplace deviant behavior issue because different
individual and environment will cause differences in how an individual behaves. Understanding the
terms, factors, typologies and effects of deviant behavior will enable organization to draw the
rehabilitation plan so deviant behavior will be curbed from the beginning. Overcoming workplace
deviant behavior will result in positive impact to the organization management and financial and will
lead to positive and conducive environment at the workplace.
The mediation of moral disengagement is seldom used as a mechanism in determining the relationship
between abusive supervision and deviant behavior. Integration of Moral Disengagement Theory, Social
Exchange Theory and past research findings, a model is developed which shows abusive supervision
will increase possibility of individual involved in deviant behavior which directly will affect individual
or organization or both. This model shows how the integration obtained from the literature review
between variables which are abusive supervision, moral disengagement and deviant behavior are able
to explore and give understanding towards individual’s deviant behavior in an organization. This
understanding will help organization to conduct an intervention to overcome deviant behavior issue in
an organization.
Research has shown that smoking has bad implications on smokers and society as a whole. For that
matter, the Ministry of Health Malaysia (MOHM) have taken various initiatives through information
technology and social media to educate the public and students about the negative effects of smoking.
The objective of this study is to identify the level of awareness among students on factors which lead to
smoking behaviour and the negative effects it has on society. This study was conducted on 228
students at the Faculty of Quranic and Sunnah Studies, Islamic Science University of Malaysia. The
research is quantitative in nature using questionnaire method. The quantitative data were then analysed
descriptively in Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) to obtain the frequency and percentage.
The finding of the study shows that the level of students’ awareness on factors leading to smoking
habit is at a satisfactory level. The students are aware that peers are the main contributing factor
towards smoking habit. The level of awareness on the harmful effects of smoking is also at a
satisfactory level. The students’ awareness is influenced by their field of study which is Islamic studies
as well as their modest purchasing power considering their average family income range from RM1000
to RM3000. The conclusion of the study is the importance to educate students on the harmful effects of
smoking, as well as to maintain the level of awareness among them.
Healthy competition in the field of education makes every individual strive to improve their abilities and competencies in terms of knowledge, skills and values related to mathematics. Mathematics as an important communication tool in the pursuit of the progress of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 era requires a community that is fluent and literate in mathematics. The main focus is to produce a generation of leaders who are analytical, critical and logical thinking urging the education sector to identify issues and shortcomings of self-efficacy related to mathematics from the grassroots level. The purpose of this study is to make a systematic literature review on the components of self-efficacy and its inclusion in mathematics education research. Two research questions that are emphasised are the components of self-efficacy and how self-efficacy is studied in empirical research in mathematics education. This study uses the PRISMA Model. Two search engines are used, namely the Education Resources Information Center (ERIC) and Google Scholar. Out of the 152 articles identified, a total of 20 articles were accepted that met the purpose of the study. Based on the analysis conducted, there are 4 components of self-efficacy that have been identified, namely mathematical self-efficacy, technological self-efficacy, academic self-efficacy and teaching self-efficacy. The findings also show that the majority of self-efficacy studies are conducted quantitatively compared to qualitatively. The main research lines observed were the level of self-efficacy, the relationship between self-efficacy and other relevant variables, and the development of self-efficacy. Although many previous studies have been conducted in the Asian continent, the number of studies that emphasise self-efficacy in the Malaysian environment is still considered small. Therefore, the results of this study are expected to provide a deep understanding so that such studies can be implemented in the context of education in Malaysia.
The study investigates the vocabulary learning strategies (VLS) used by Mengubah Destini Anak
Bangsa (MDAB) pre-diploma students at the Machang Campus of Universiti Teknologi MARA
Kelantan (UiTMCK). For this purpose, a Vocabulary Learning Strategies Questionnaire (VLSQ) based
on Schmitt’s (1997) Vocabulary Learning Strategies Taxonomy was administered to 76 MDAB prediploma
students. The findings revealed that the students were medium users of VLS who used
metacognitive strategies most frequently and cognitive strategies least frequently. The findings also
revealed that there was no significant difference in the use of VLS among the male and female
students. However, the results of Independent Samples T-test in the use of individual items for all VLS
categories revealed significant difference in the mean scores of several strategies.
The objective of this study is to identify the level of instructional leadership, efficacy and the routine
duties of the principal including their influence towards academic achievement of the school. Three
instrument have been used in the collection of data namely Principal Instruction Management Rating
Scale (PIMRS); Principals Sense Of Efficacy Scale (PSES); and The Principal’s Routine Duties.
Whilst the academic achievement statistic refers to the SPM examinations result for the 2011 that was
sourced directly from the JPNS examination unit. All the instruments was found to have a high level of
genuineness and reliability with Cronbach’s alfa multiplier at 0.94. Altogether 650 set of
questionnaires have been distributed to the secondary school in the southern zone namely Kuching,
Samarahan, Sri Aman and Betong Division and 91% of them have been collected successfully. From
the total number, 487 set have been processed after it was found to be complete and have fully satisfied
the set characteristics. The research data has been analysed using SPSS software version 21.0. The
result of the research shows that the level of instructional leadership, efficacy and the principal’s
routine duties are high. Nevertheless, there is no significant and clear relationship between those
variables with the school academic achievement. This shows that instructional leadership, efficacy and
principal routine duties are not factors that would absolutely determine the academic achievement
without the support of the other factors. Nonetheless, sub scale variable of the instructional leadership
namely coordinate curriculum (r=.123, p=.01) and incentive given to teachers (r=.094, p=.04) shows
that there is a significant relationship with the school academic achievement but not for the sub scale
for efficacy and principal’s routine duties. Arising thereof, the principal is advised to implement
capability enhancement, streamline interpersonal relationship, effective work delegation in
collaboration with their subordinate in order to attain a more positive academic achievement. For this
purpose, the principals are required at the outset to equip themselves by enhancing their knowledge,
garner more experience, increase skilfulness including keeping abreast with the latest ability related to
their duties as an instructional leader. In order words, the principal which lead the school should equip
their self with the current requirement including applying “Leadership For a Need” culture.
The main purpose of this study is to determine the influence of structured leadership, teachers’ efficacy
and culture norms towards primary school teachers’ tasks of concern in Sarawak. This method involves
quantitative survey among 420 teachers comprising the head of subject panel. The instrument used were Leadership Orientations questionnaire adopted by Lokman et al., (2011) from Bolman and Deal
(1999), Teacher Efficacy (Meng Tian, 2008), School Culture Triage (Phillips, G. 1993) and Seven
Stages of Concern (Hall et al., 1977). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 15 and Amos version 21.
Analysis of mean scores, t-test, pearson correlation, regression analysis and path analysis were used to
test the hypothesis at significant level p
This paper discusses the roles and challenges of the national language, which is Malay as a language in
uniting the various ethnic groups in Sabah. On September 16, 1963, the Federation of Malaysia was
officially declared which comprised of the Malay States, Singapore, Sabah and Sarawak. In line with
that, the special provisions on the national language in Sabah are contained in Article 161 of the
national constitution. Although the provision of the constitution clarify that Sabah was given a 10-year
period to use Malay and English as the official languages but later on September 16, 1973 the Malay language was declared the sole official language for the state of Sabah. Hence, various efforts have
been made by the government to ensure the national language can play its role as a language that can
unite the various ethnic groups in Sabah. However, ethnic diversity with their own ethnic mother
tongue languages has resulted in the Malay language as a national language as well as the language of
unity to face many challenges. Therefore, the discussion in this paper is focused on policies undertaken
by the government to strengthen the national language in various fields in Sabah and the challenges
faced by the national language to foster unity among the various ethnic communities in the state. This
study was conducted using a qualitative analysis approach and used archive study methods as well as
library study to obtain research information sources. This study will produce an analysis that can be
used as a reference to improve or formulate policies particularly in matters that benefit in strengthening
the multi-ethnic communities in Sabah.
The cyber world is actually an easy medium which does not need complicated procedures in order to
publish ones literary works. This has been the reason on why the young authors choose it as the best
medium to create more literary works actively. The works of the young authors will be published in the
cyber world especially in their own personal websites. However, this also has caused misunderstanding
between the scholars about the aesthetical and the quality that have always been focused on literary
works. Therefore, this study will find out and analyse the aesthetical value through the thoughts that are
found in cyber novel Kasih Darmia by Naniey TJ based on the application of Intergrated Aesthetic
theory. Cyber novel Kasih Darmia is the first cyber literary work of Naniey TJ which was written
somewhere in November 2011 in her personal blogsite. The study uses the Intergrated Aesthetic which
is introduced by Abdul Halim Ali based on the concept of beauty which is divided by the beauty of
thoughts and the religious messages from Al-Quran as the original text that represents the real beauty
and reflects the manifestation of literary text. Analysing the thoughts in cyber novel Kasih Darmia shows that the inside beauty actually answers the aesthetical problems in the literary works in the cyber
world.
The main purpose of this study is to understand the financial status of urban poor community in Kuala Lumpur and factors affecting their personal well-being. The sampling size of this research is 1,064 respondents chosen by using systematic sampling method. The data was obtained by using selfadministered questionnaires and the data being analysed by descriptive analysis meanwhile and multi regression analysis. The results shows that the urban poor community in Kuala Lumpur are having a moderate level of financial literacy possess a less effective financial behaviour, experiencing a high financial strain and adapting a moderate level of personal well-being. Besides that, the results also indicates that the financial literacy has no influence on personal well-being of the urban poor community, meanwhile financial behaviour has a positive influence and financial strain has a negative influence on the personal well-being of the urban poor community. The findings of the study suggest the government and non-government organisation such as Economic Planning Unit ((EPU), Kuala Lumpur City Hall (KLCH or DBKL), Central Bank of Malaysia (BNM), Credit Counselling and Debt Management Agency (CCDM or AKPK), Federation of Consumer Association (FOMCA) to make an inclusive effort and approach to improve the personal well-being of the urban poor. By understanding more about the financial status of the urban poor community, it is hoped to help them to become financial prudence and in the long-run could lead them into a good decision making while facing conflicts in financial issues and maintain a good quality of life. It is important to ensure the urban poor consumers have better financial management skills which lead them to make the right decision in order to enhance their personal well-being.
Kajian ini bertujuan untuk meneroka kefahaman Pengetahuan Pedagogi Kandungan (PPK) guru bukan pengkhususan mata pelajaran Reka Bentuk dan Teknologi (RBT) di Sekolah Menengah. Kajian ini adalah kajian kualitatif single case yang melibatkan dua orang guru bukan pengkhususan mata pelajaran RBT dipilih sebagai peserta kajian. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kaedah temu bual, pemerhatian dan juga analisis dokumen. Proses analisis data melibatkan tiga peringkat koding dalam Grounded Theory iaitu open coding, axial coding dan selective coding. Hasil kajian mendapati kedua peserta belum memahami dan menguasai sepenuhnya hala tuju, matlamat dan fokus KSSM RBT. Selain itu, mereka juga masih menghadapi masalah dalam menguasai isi kandungan mata pelajaran tersebut dengan baik. Dari aspek pengetahuan pedagogi, walaupun peserta kajian sedar tentang pendekatan-pendekatan PdPc yang dicadangkan dalam DSKP KSSM mata pelajaran RBT, namun mereka kurang menggunakan pendekatan tersebut dan masih cenderung menggunakan pendekatan pengajaran tradisional yang lebih berpusatkan kepada guru dan menggunakan kaedah syarahan semasa proses PdPc.
Teaching method is an essential element in stimulating the interest in students subsequently their
achievement in a subject, especially for the subject of History that is, for a long time, considered as a
boring subject. The objective of this study is to identify the method of preference for pre-university
students, particularly those who take the History subject and the reasons that motivate the students to
be interested in the method. This study uses a qualitative design that combines the two main methods
of interviewing and observation. The sampling was intended to be used in this study. The sample of the
study consisted of four students who took the History subject at the Malaysian High School Certificate
(STPM) level in the district of Kota Kinabalu. The findings of this study can be seen from the main
theme of the study which is the method that interest the students and the justification of selection of the
method among them. Overall, the findings show that there exist diversity of methods that students are
interested in, namely the presentation method, questionnaire session, Gallery Walk and debate. Furthermore, being able to inculcate new skills, increasing motivation, interest and improving students’
achievement are the justifications given by students to the selection of methods among students. As
such, teachers play an important role in selecting the teaching methods that are appropriate to the needs
of students throughout the teaching and learning process to ensure the objective of teaching and
learning can be achieved.
Tujuan kajian ini dijalankan adalah untuk mengenalpasti secara terperinci tentang kursus kokurikulum
berteraskan pembelajaran servis (CSL) dan kecenderungan pemilihan kursus mengikut persepktif
pelajar diploma di Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Kuala Lumpur (UTMKL). Kepentingan dalam
berkokurikulum sangat penting dalam mengukuhkan sifat insaniah dalam diri seorang pelajar yang
cemerlang. Kajian ini melibatkan 406 responden daripada 1,904 jumlah populasi pelajar diploma
UTMKL. Data dikumpul melalui instrumen borang soal selidik yang diedarkan kepada pelajar diploma
UTMKL. Analisis kajian mendapati terdapat pelbagai jenis kokurikulum dibahagikan mengikut empat
(4) kluster masing-masing yang dikenal pasti bagi objektif pertama. Objektif kedua pula adalah
mengenal pasti kecenderungan pelajar terhadap pilihan kursus CSL ini. Didapati bahawa kursus yang
berteraskan kesukarelawan mencatatkan kecenderungan yang paling tinggi. Manakala skor kursus
Memanah dari kluster sukan, rekreasi dan kebudayaan pula mencatatkan skor pelajar yang paling tinggi
kecerungan pelajarnya. Kesimpulannya, walaupun jumlah respondan hanya 21.32% dari bilangan
populasi yang memberikan maklumbalas kepada kajian ini, namun ia dapat memberikan indikator
kepada kecenderungan pemilihan kursus CSL mengikut persektif pelajar diploma UTMKL. Hasil
daripada kajian ini boleh digunapakai dalam membuat perancangan penawaran kursus CSL mengikut
pilihan dan kehendak pelajar.
Workers who experience job dissatisfaction tend to lose their joy and happiness in their work that leads to low motivation, performance, commitment and eventually results in leaving their job. This brings long term negative effects to the organization and provides opportunity for rivalry. Hence, a study on the practice of healthy and positive organizational climate need to be carried out to increase the level of the teachers' job satisfaction to enhance the performance of the organization. Recent studies in organizational climate which involve four dimensions namely collegial leadership, professional teacher behaviour, achievement press and institutional vulnerability portrays the potential in influencing the teachers' job satisfaction. This study delves into the influence of these four dimensions in organizational climate towards the teachers' job satisfaction in the aspects of promotion, pay, supervision, working procedures and co-workers. This study is based on the Organizational Climate Description Questionnaire (OCDQ) by Hoy, Smith and Sweetland (2002) to measure the organization climate and the combination of two instruments of questionnaire to measure job satisfaction which are Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS) by Spector (1985) and Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) by Weiss, Dais, England and Lofquist (1967). Quantitative analysis is done using IBM SPSS Statistics Version 24 towards 50 academic teachers in the Form Six centres. The findings show that organization climate in particular has a significant influence towards job satisfaction among the academic teachers in the Form Six Centres. The mean scores of job satisfaction and the organizational climate were at a moderate level, but job satisfaction based on teaching experience is at a high level, and there was no significant differences between gender.
Racial polarisation issues in public higher learning institutions has long been debated and continues to
exist even with the many effort for unity seen through nation’s education policies. Despite the
existence of opportunities for students to interact with the other ethnic throughout their studies, their
social relation was relatively moderate. Past findings suggested further studies be made to the factors
contributing to racial polarisation and that there should be a platform which encouraged students to
cooperate and enabled them to reached a common ground. The objective of this paper is to do a
preliminary survey on inter-ethnic dialogue which could become a platform in enhancing good social
relation between students of different ethnics in public and private universities. A successful interethnic
dialogue must include the four dimension of social relation: assimilation, amalgamation,
acculturation and accommodation, with which the social relation in Malaysia revolves, contributed
primarily by its historical and political factors.
Rapid progress of Information Communication Technology (ICT) will accelerate the distribution of
information from government to the people; however the monopoly of technology ICT services will
lead to inequality of information distribution in between of normal people and disabled people.
Embrace with the inequality of ICT distribution directly make the group of disabled people left behind
at the information age, or the situation also known as digital divide. Hence, this article attempts to
identify and examine the issues facing by disabled people in order to catch up the fast diffusion of ICT.
Information Communication Technology (ICT) is important to measure the development of the nation
and the people. Malaysia as a democratic nation has to deliver equal services to the people without any
boundaries and discrimination. Nowadays, knowledge of Information Communication Technology is
crucial and become one of the measurement tools to maximize work and task. Failure to catch up ICT
movement will cause digital divide, which is the phenomenon of gap exists between people who have
access to ICT and who did not have access. This paper aims to determine the government initiative in
terms of policy, law and regulations, infrastructure, support organization and training, whether it is
appropriate or inappropriate with the needs of disabled people.
Latihan di tempat kerja merupakan faktor kritikal dalam meningkatkan kekuatan sumber manusia khususnya membentuk prestasi kerja yang optimis. Pengurusan latihan yang baik dan kreatif akan mempengaruhi kuantiti penyertaan dan tahap kepuasan daripada peserta. Walau bagaimanapun, pengurusan latihan secara atas talian di kebanyakan organisasi secara umumnya masih berada pada tahap yang rendah mendepani situasi sukar pandemik COVID-19. Sehubungan dengan itu, kajian yang dijalankan ini adalah berkenaan pengurusan latihan secara atas talian di Kementerian Pertahanan, Malaysia dalam konteks penerimaan peserta latihan. Terdapat tiga objektif dalam kajian ini iaitu mengenalpasti profil peserta latihan, menganalisis tahap kepuasan peserta terhadap latihan secara atas talian dan mencadangkan langkah penambahbaikan terhadap pengurusan latihan secara atas talian di sektor awam. Kaedah kajian yang digunakan adalah pemerhatian, temu bual tidak rasmi dan borang soal selidik yang diedarkan kepada 210 orang responden. Pemilihan sampel dilakukan menggunakan formula Taro Yamanae. Data kajian dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif frekuensi, CrossTabulation, Chi-Square dan analisis kolerasi menggunakan perisian Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Berdasarkan hasil kajian, didapati bahawa penyertaan peserta latihan secara atas talian disebabkan oleh faktor platform atas talian yang mudah untuk diakses, modul latihan secara atas talian yang interaktif, rakaman video latihan yang boleh dijadikan rujukan dan suasana latihan yang fleksibel di mana nilai min yang diperolehi adalah tinggi. Secara keseluruhan, tahap kepuasan responden terhadap pengurusan latihan secara atas talian adalah pada tahap sederhana. Oleh yang demikian, setiap latihan secara atas talian perlu diuruskan dengan dengan efisyen dari segenap aspek agar impaknya menjamin kepuasan dan keperluan pekerja.
The purpose of this study is to identify the effectiveness of integrative therapy treatment towards
depression and aggression among prison inmates. Integrative therapy in this study refers to treatment
module which are consisted of four integrated theories in a counselling process. It involved the
combined therapy of Person Client Centred (PCC), Rational Emotions Behaviour Therapy (REBT)
and Choice Theory Reality Therapy (CTRT) as technical treatment. Meanwhile, Stimulus Organism
Response (SOR) act as educational principle or training. Integrative therapy is conducted on the
respondents for six session of group counselling. This study is a quasi-experiment involving 160 depressed prison inmates (80 treatment; 80 control) and 140 aggressive inmates (70 treatment; 70
control) from five prison institutions as the respondent for this study using purposive sampling.
Inmates are identified as respondents using high cutting point of depression using Beck Depression
Inventory (BDI) and high aggression using Aggressive Questionnaires (AQ). For the data analysis, nonparametric
test such as Mann-Whitney Test and Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test were used based on the
normality test using Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk test. Result from the Mann-Whitney Test
shows that the treatment group had higher declining rate as compared to the controlled group for
depression and aggression. Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test also shows the same result as the treatment
group indicates a decline in rate from the pre and post of the treatment compared to the controlled
group. The results of this study are hope to act as the medium for using integrative model which is
rarely use in studies in this country especially in the field of treatment for prison inmates. It is also
expected that it can be applied in different setting which offer treatment service such as hospitals,
social work institution, police institute, schools, higher learning institutions and others.