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Fulltext An efficient approach for the synthesis of novel methyl sulfones in acetic acid medium and evaluation of antimicrobial activity

Ravi Kumar G, Dasireddy CR, Varala R, Kotra V, Bollikolla HB

Turk J Chem, 2020;44(5):1386-1394.
PMID: 33488238 DOI: 10.3906/kim-2003-10

A series of nine methyl sulphones ( 3a -3 i ) starting from the aldehydes ( 1a-1i ) were synthesized in two consecutive steps. In the first step, preparation of allyl alcohols ( 2a-2i ) from their corresponding aldehydes by the reaction of sodium borohydride in methanol at room temperature is reported. Finally, methyl sulphones are synthesized by condensing sodium methyl sulfinates with allyl alcohols in the presence of BF 3 .Et 2 O in acetic acid medium at room temperature for about 2-3 h. The reaction conditions are simple, yields are high (85%-95%), and the products were obtained with good purity. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by their 1 H, 13 C NMR, and mass spectral analysis. All the title compounds were screened for antimicrobial activity. Among the compounds tested, the compound 3f has inhibited both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria effectively and compound 3i has shown potent antifungal activity. These promising components may help to develop more potent drugs in the near future for the treatment of bacterial and fungal infections.

Matched MeSH terms: Antifungal Agents
An in vitro study of the antifungal activity of Trichoderma virens 7b and a profile of its non-polar antifungal components released against Ganoderma boninense

Angel LP, Yusof MT, Ismail IS, Ping BT, Mohamed Azni IN, Kamarudin NH, et al.

J Microbiol, 2016 Nov;54(11):732-744.
PMID: 27796927

Ganoderma boninense is the causal agent of a devastating disease affecting oil palm in Southeast Asian countries. Basal stem rot (BSR) disease slowly rots the base of palms, which radically reduces productive lifespan of this lucrative crop. Previous reports have indicated the successful use of Trichoderma as biological control agent (BCA) against G. boninense and isolate T. virens 7b was selected based on its initial screening. This study attempts to decipher the mechanisms responsible for the inhibition of G. boninense by identifying and characterizing the chemical compounds as well as the physical mechanisms by T. virens 7b. Hexane extract of the isolate gave 62.60% ± 6.41 inhibition against G. boninense and observation under scanning electron microscope (SEM) detected severe mycelial deformation of the pathogen at the region of inhibition. Similar mycelia deformation of G. boninense was observed with a fungicide treatment, Benlate(®) indicating comparable fungicidal effect by T. virens 7b. Fraction 4 and 5 of hexane active fractions through preparative thin layer chromatography (P-TLC) was identified giving the best inhibition of the pathogen. These fractions comprised of ketones, alcohols, aldehydes, lactones, sesquiterpenes, monoterpenes, sulphides, and free fatty acids profiled through gas chromatography mass spectrometry detector (GC/MSD). A novel antifungal compound discovery of phenylethyl alcohol (PEA) by T. virens 7b is reported through this study. T. virens 7b also proved to be an active siderophore producer through chrome azurol S (CAS) agar assay. The study demonstrated the possible mechanisms involved and responsible in the successful inhibition of G. boninense.

Matched MeSH terms: Antifungal Agents/isolation & purification; Antifungal Agents/metabolism; Antifungal Agents/pharmacology*; Antifungal Agents/chemistry
An outbreak of histoplasmosis among healthy young Japanese women after traveling to Southeast Asia

Ohno H, Ogata Y, Suguro H, Yokota S, Watanabe A, Kamei K, et al.

Intern. Med., 2010;49(5):491-5.
PMID: 20190491

Histoplasmosis, caused by Histoplasma capsulatum, is an endemic mycosis in many countries of the world except for Japan. Outbreaks of histoplasmosis among Japanese people are very rare and are mainly imported by travelers. We report an outbreak of histoplasmosis among healthy Japanese people who traveled to a resort area in Southeast Asia. Three young Japanese women traveled to Langkawi island, Malaysia and stayed on the island for five days without visiting caves, a known reservoir of H. capsulatum. All three individuals developed flu-like symptoms with multiple nodule shadows on chest X rays or chest CT scans at around ten days after their return to Japan. Serum samples obtained from the three subjects were positive for anti-Histoplasma antibody and specific PCR for H. capsulatum on lung biopsy specimens and the serum from one patient was positive. The clinical course of all three patients improved without the use of anti-fungal agents and no recurrence has been confirmed. Clinical attendants should consider histoplasmosis when they see patients with flu-like symptoms with abnormal chest X-rays after visiting H. capsulatum endemic areas, especially Southeast Asia.

Matched MeSH terms: Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use
An overview of antifungal peptides derived from insect

Faruck MO, Yusof F, Chowdhury S

Peptides, 2016 06;80:80-88.
PMID: 26093218 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2015.06.001

Fungi are not classified as plants or animals. They resemble plants in many ways but do not produce chlorophyll or make their own food photosynthetically like plants. Fungi are useful for the production of beer, bread, medicine, etc. More complex than viruses or bacteria; fungi can be destructive human pathogens responsible for various diseases in humans. Most people have a strong natural immunity against fungal infection. However, fungi can cause diseases when this immunity breaks down. In the last few years, fungal infection has increased strikingly and has been accompanied by a rise in the number of deaths of cancer patients, transplant recipients, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients owing to fungal infections. The growth rate of fungi is very slow and quite difficult to identify. A series of molecules with antifungal activity against different strains of fungi have been found in insects, which can be of great importance to tackle human diseases. Insects secrete such compounds, which can be peptides, as a part of their immune defense reactions. Active antifungal peptides developed by insects to rapidly eliminate infectious pathogens are considered a component of the defense munitions. This review focuses on naturally occurring antifungal peptides from insects and their challenges to be used as armaments against human diseases.

Matched MeSH terms: Antifungal Agents/pharmacology*; Antifungal Agents/chemistry
Fulltext An unusual cause of haemoptysis and headache: cryptococcosis

How SH, Kuan YC, Ng TH, Ramachandram K, Fauzi AR

Malays J Pathol, 2008 Dec;30(2):129-32.
PMID: 19291924 MyJurnal

Pulmonary cryptococcosis can be clinically silent in non-HIV infected patients but can also present as nodules and masses on the chest radiograph, which can be mistaken for tuberculosis or lung cancer. Common symptoms include fever and cough, and uncommonly haemoptysis. This report illustrates a non-HIV infected patient whose main complaint was haemoptysis and headache. He was diagnosed with pulmonary cryptococcosis from biopsy of an endobronchial mass found on flexible bronchoscopy. Disseminated cryptoccoccal infection should be considered as a differential diagnosis in non-HIV infected patients presenting with haemoptysis and headache. Early recognition and administration of appropriate therapy will improve clinical outcome in these patients.

Matched MeSH terms: Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use
Antagonistic effects of Streptomyces violaceusniger strain G10 on Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense race 4: indirect evidence for the role of antibiosis in the antagonistic process

Getha K, Vikineswary S

J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol, 2002 Jun;28(6):303-10.
PMID: 12032802

Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense is the causal pathogen of wilt disease of banana. A cost-effective measure of control for this disease is still not available. Streptomyces violaceusniger strain G10 acts as an antifungal agent antagonistic towards many different phytopathogenic fungi, including different pathogenic races of the Fusarium wilt pathogen. In an attempt to understand the mode of action of this antagonist in nature, the interaction between S. violaceusniger strain G10 and F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense was first studied by paired incubation on agar plates. Evidence for the in vitro antibiosis of strain G10 was demonstrated by inhibition zones in the "cross-plug" assay plates. Microscopic observations showed lysis of hyphal ends in the inhibited fungal colonies. Culture of strain G10 in liquid media produces antifungal metabolites, which showed in vitro antagonistic effects against F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense such as swelling, distortion and excessive branching of hyphae, and inhibition of spore germination. An indirect method was used to show that antibiosis is one of the mechanisms of antagonism by which strain G10 acts against F. oxysporun f.sp. cubense in soil. This study suggests the potential of developing strain G10 for the biological control of Fusarium wilt disease of banana.

Matched MeSH terms: Antifungal Agents/metabolism
Fulltext Anti-Candida activity and biofilm inhibitory effects of secreted products of tropical environmental yeasts

Tan HW, Tay ST

Trop Biomed, 2011 Apr;28(1):175-80.
PMID: 21602784

This study describes the killer phenotypes of tropical environmental yeasts and the inhibition effects of the culture filtrates on the biofilm of Candida albicans. A total of 26 (10.5%) of 258 yeast isolates obtained from an environmental sampling study demonstrated killer activity to Candida species. The killer yeasts were identified as species belonging to the genus Aureobasidium, Pseudozyma, Ustilago and Candida based on sequence analysis of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region of the yeasts. Pseudozyma showed the broadest killing effects against sensitive strains of Candida. New species of Ustilago and Pseudozyma demonstrating killer phenotypes were identified in this study. Interestingly, more than 50% reduction in the metabolic activity of Candida albicans biofilm was noted after exposure to the culture filtrates of the nine killer yeasts. Purification and characterization of toxin and metabolites are essential for understanding the yeast killing effects.

Matched MeSH terms: Antifungal Agents/metabolism*
Anti-Candida activity and brine shrimp toxicity assay of Ganoderma boninense

Daruliza KM, Fernandez L, Jegathambigai R, Sasidharan S

Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 2012 Jan;16(1):43-8.
PMID: 22338547

Ganoderma (G.) boninense is a white rot fungus, which can be found in the palm oil tree. Several studies have shown that G. boninense has antimicrobial and antagonistic properties. However, there is limited information reported on antifungal properties especially on Candida (C) albicans. Hence, this study was conducted to determine the anti-Candida activity of G. boninense against C albicans.

Matched MeSH terms: Antifungal Agents/pharmacology*
Anti-Candida albicans activity and brine shrimp lethality test of Hevea brasiliensis latex B-serum

Daruliza KM, Yang KL, Lam KL, Priscilla JT, Sunderasan E, Ong MT

Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 2011 Oct;15(10):1163-71.
PMID: 22165677

Hevea brasiliensis extracts could potentially be employed as a relatively low cost resource for various anti-fungal activities due to the simplicity of the extract preparation and its abundance especially in the tropical region. Latex B-serum was reported to have anti-cancer property and its specificity in anti-fungal property has not been elucidated. The present study was conducted to determine the anti-fungal activity of Hevea latex B-serum against Candida (C.) albicans (a rounded cell fungus) and Aspergillus (A.) niger (a filamentous fungus).

Matched MeSH terms: Antifungal Agents/pharmacology*
Anti-Candida albicans biofilm activity by Cassia spectabilis standardized methanol extract: an ultrastructural study

Torey A, Sasidharan S

Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 2011 Aug;15(8):875-82.
PMID: 21845797

Candida (C.) albicans infection in its biofilm mode of growth has taken centre point with the increasing recognition of its role in human infections due to the development of resistance to the commonly used antibiotic or phenotypic adaptation within the biofilm. Hence, in this study the inhibitory effect of methanol extract of Cassia (C.) spectabilis leaves was evaluated against biofilm forming C. albicans.

Matched MeSH terms: Antifungal Agents/pharmacology*
Anti-acetylcholinesterase, anti-α-glucosidase, anti-leishmanial and anti-fungal activities of chemical constituents of Beilschmiedia species

Mollataghi A, Coudiere E, Hadi AH, Mukhtar MR, Awang K, Litaudon M, et al.

Fitoterapia, 2012 Mar;83(2):298-302.
PMID: 22119096 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2011.11.009

Phytochemical investigation of Beilschmiedia alloiophylla has resulted in the isolation of one new alkaloid, 2-hydroxy-9-methoxyaporphine (1), and ten known natural products, laurotetanine (2), liriodenine (3), boldine (4), secoboldine (5), isoboldine (6), asimilobine (7), oreobeiline (8), 6-epioreobeiline (9), β-amyrone (10), and (S)-3-methoxynordomesticine (11). Chemical studies on the bark of B. kunstleri afforded compounds 2 and 4 along with one bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid, N-dimethylphyllocryptine (12). Structures of compounds 1-12 were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods. All of these isolates were evaluated for their anti-acetylcholinesterase (AChE), anti-α-glucosidase, anti-leishmanial and anti-fungal activities. Compounds 1-12 exhibited strong to moderate bioactivities in aforementioned bioassays.

Matched MeSH terms: Antifungal Agents/isolation & purification; Antifungal Agents/pharmacology*; Antifungal Agents/chemistry
Anti-amoebic potential of azole scaffolds and nanoparticles against pathogenic Acanthamoeba

Walvekar S, Anwar A, Anwar A, Sridewi N, Khalid M, Yow YY, et al.

Acta Trop, 2020 Nov;211:105618.
PMID: 32628912 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105618

Acanthamoeba spp. are free living amoeba (FLA) which are widely distributed in nature. They are opportunistic parasites and can cause severe infections to the eye, skin and central nervous system. The advances in drug discovery and modifications in the chemotherapeutic agents have shown little improvement in morbidity and mortality rates associated with Acanthamoeba infections. The mechanism-based process of drug discovery depends on the molecular drug targets present in the signaling pathways in the genome. Synthetic libraries provide a platform for broad spectrum of activities due to their desired structural modifications. Azoles, originally a class of synthetic anti-fungal drugs, disrupt the fungal cell membrane by inhibiting the biosynthesis of ergosterol through the inhibition of cytochrome P450 dependent 14α-lanosterol, a key step of the sterol pathway. Acanthamoeba and fungi share the presence of similar sterol intermediate, as ergosterol is also the major end-product in the sterol biosynthesis in Acanthamoeba. Sterols present in the eukaryotic cell membrane are one of the most essential lipids and exhibit important structural and signaling functions. Therefore, in this review we highlight the importance of specific targeting of ergosterol present in Acanthamoebic membrane by azole compounds for amoebicidal activity. Previously, azoles have also been repurposed to report antimicrobial, antiparasitic and antibacterial properties. Moreover, by loading the azoles into nanoparticles through advanced techniques in nanotechnology, such as physical encapsulation, adsorption, or chemical conjugation, the pharmacokinetics and therapeutic index of the drugs can be significantly improved. The current review proposes an important strategy to target Acanthamoeba using synthetic libraries of azoles and their conjugated nanoparticles for the first time.

Matched MeSH terms: Antifungal Agents/pharmacology*
Anti-fungal effect of Hevea brasiliensis latex C-serum on Aspergillus niger

Daruliza KM, Lam KL, Yang KL, Priscilla JT, Sunderasan E, Ong MT

Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 2011 Sep;15(9):1027-33.
PMID: 22013725

Hevea brasiliensis extract could potentially be employed as a relatively low cost resource for various anti-fungal activities due to the simplicity of latex preparation and the abundance of latex that can be obtained in rubber producing regions. The present study was aimed at examining the species specific anti-fungal property of H. brasilensis latex C-serum against Aspergillus niger.

Matched MeSH terms: Antifungal Agents/isolation & purification; Antifungal Agents/pharmacology*; Antifungal Agents/toxicity
Antibacterial, antifungal and anticonvulsant evaluation of novel newly synthesized 1-[2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)ethyl]-1H-benzo[d][1, 2,3]triazoles

Rajasekaran A, Murugesan S, AnandaRajagopal K

Arch Pharm Res, 2006 Jul;29(7):535-40.
PMID: 16903071

Several novel 1-[2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl) ethyl]-1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazoles (3a-h) have been synthesized by the condensation of 1-[2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-ethyl]-1H-benzotriazole (2) and appropriate acid chlorides. 1-[2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-ethyl]-1H-benzotriazole (2) was synthesized by reacting 3-(1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-yl)propanenitrile with sodium azide and ammonium chloride in the presence of dimethylformamide. The synthesized compounds were characterized by IR and PMR analysis. The titled compounds were evaluated for their in-vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity by the cup plate method and anticonvulsant activity evaluated by the maximal electroshock induced convulsion method in mice. All synthesized compounds exhibited moderate antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis and moderate antifungal activity against Candida albicans. Compounds 5-(2-(1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazo-1-yl)ethyl)-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)(4-aminophenyl)methanone 3d and 5-(2-(1 H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazo-1-yl)ethyl)-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)(2-aminophenyl)methanone 3e elicited excellent anticonvulsant activity.

Matched MeSH terms: Antifungal Agents/chemical synthesis; Antifungal Agents/pharmacology*
Anticandidal and antidermatophytic activity of Cinnamomum species essential oils

Mastura M, Nor Azah MA, Khozirah S, Mawardi R, Manaf AA

Cytobios, 1999;98(387):17-23.
PMID: 10490360
Matched MeSH terms: Antifungal Agents/pharmacology*
Fulltext Antifungal Activity of Aqueous Extracts of Some Dominant Algerian Medicinal Plants

Salhi N, Mohammed Saghir SA, Terzi V, Brahmi I, Ghedairi N, Bissati S

Biomed Res Int, 2017;2017:7526291.
PMID: 29226147 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7526291

Aim: This study investigated the antifungal properties of aqueous extracts obtained from indigenous plants that grow spontaneously in the Northern Sahara of Algeria. The activities of these plants in controlling two fungal species that belong to Fusarium genus were evaluated in an in vitro assay.
Materials and Methods: Fresh aerial parts of four plant species (Artemisia herba alba, Cotula cinerea, Asphodelus tenuifolius, and Euphorbia guyoniana) were collected for the preparation of aqueous extracts. Two levels of dilution (10% and 20%) of the pure extracts were evaluated against Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium sporotrichioides.
Results: The results of this study revealed that the A. herba alba, C. cinerea, A. tenuifolius, and E. guyoniana aqueous extracts are effective at both concentrations of 10% and 20% for the Fusarium mycelia growth inhibition. In particular, A. tenuifolius extract is effective against F. graminearum, whereas F. sporotrichioides mycelium growth is strongly affected by the E. guyoniana 20% extract. The phytochemical characterization of the compositions of the aqueous extracts has revealed that the presence of some chemical compounds (tannins, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, and alkaloids) is likely to be responsible for the antifungal activities sought.
Conclusion: The antifungal properties of A. herba alba, C. cinerea, A. tenuifolius, and E. guyoniana make these plants of potential interest for the control of fungi affecting both wheat yield and safety.

Matched MeSH terms: Antifungal Agents/pharmacology*; Antifungal Agents/chemistry
Antifungal Compound Isolated from Catharanthus roseus L. (Pink) for Biological Control of Root Rot Rubber Diseases

Zahari R, Halimoon N, Ahmad MF, Ling SK

Int J Anal Chem, 2018;2018:8150610.
PMID: 29692811 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8150610

Rigidoporus microporus, Ganoderma philippii, and Phellinus noxius are root rot rubber diseases and these fungi should be kept under control with environmentally safe compounds from the plant sources. Thus, an antifungal compound isolated from Catharanthus roseus was screened for its effectiveness in controlling the growth of these fungi. The antifungal compound isolated from C. roseus extract was determined through thin layer chromatography (TLC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. Each C. roseus of the DCM extracts was marked as CRD1, CRD2, CRD3, CRD4, CRD5, CRD6, and CRD7, respectively. TLC results showed that all of the C. roseus extracts peaked with red colour at Rf = 0.61 at 366 nm wavelength, except for CRD7. The CRD4 extract was found to be the most effective against R. microporus and G. philippii with inhibition zones of 3.5 and 1.9 mm, respectively, compared to that of other extracts. These extracts, however, were not effective against P. noxius. The CRD4 extract contained ursolic acid that was detected by NMR analysis and the compound could be developed as a biocontrol agent for controlling R. microporus and G. philippii. Moreover, little or no research has been done to study the effectiveness of C. roseus in controlling these fungi.

Matched MeSH terms: Antifungal Agents
Antifungal Mechanism of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and Aureobasidium sp. nov. Isolated from Cerbera manghas L. against the Growth of Destructive Molds in Post Harvested Apples

Sukmawati D, Shabrina A, Indrayanti R, Kurniati TH, Nurjayadi M, Hidayat I, et al.

Recent Pat Food Nutr Agric, 2020;11(3):219-228.
PMID: 32324527 DOI: 10.2174/2212798411666200423101159

BACKGROUND: Apples often experience postharvest damage due to being attacked by mold organisms. Several groups of molds such as Aspergillus sp., Penicilium expansum, Botrytis cinerea, and Venturia sp. can cause a serious postharvest disease exhibited as watery regions where areas of blue-green tufts of spores develop. Current methods using fungicides to control pathogenic fungi can cause resistance if applied in the long term. An alternative procedure using yeast as a biological agent has been found.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to screen potential yeast, which has the ability to inhibit the growth of Aspergillus brasielensis (isolate A1) and Aspergillus flavus section flavi (isolate A17) isolated from apple fruits.
METHODS: Antagonism test using YMA dual culture medium using in vitro assays and ITS rDNA identification were performed.
RESULTS: The result showed that 3 out of 19 yeast isolated from Cerbera manghas L, T1, T3 and T4, demonstrated the potential ability as a biocontrol agent. ITS rDNA identification demonstrated that T1 has a similarity to Rhodotorula mucilaginosa while T3 and T4 were identified as Aureobasidium sp. nov. The 3 isolates exhibited the ability to reduce the growth of A. brasiliensis sensu lato better than dithane 0.3% with a Disease Incidence (DI) of 100% and a Disease Severity (DS) value of 45%. Only isolate T1 and T3 were able to reduce decay symptoms in apples inoculated with A. flavus sensu lato (with DO and DS were 100% and 25%, respectively) compared to dithane pesticides 0.3%.
CONCLUSION: This study indicated that competition between nutrients occurs between pathogenic molds and under-yeast in vitro and in vivo conditions. However, further studies in the future might be able to elucidate the 'killer' activity and interaction with the pathogen cells and the bio-product production using Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and Aureoubasidium namibiae strains to control postharvest diseases.

Matched MeSH terms: Antifungal Agents/pharmacology*
Fulltext Antifungal Properties of Essential Oils and Their Compounds for Application in Skin Fungal Infections: Conventional and Nonconventional Approaches

Abd Rashed A, Rathi DG, Ahmad Nasir NAH, Abd Rahman AZ

Molecules, 2021 Feb 19;26(4).
PMID: 33669627 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041093

Essential oils (EOs) are known to have varying degrees of antimicrobial properties that are mainly due to the presence of bioactive compounds. These include antiviral, nematicidal, antifungal, insecticidal and antioxidant properties. This review highlights the potential of EOs and their compounds for application as antifungal agents for the treatment of skin diseases via conventional and nonconventional approaches. A search was conducted using three databases (Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar), and all relevant articles from the period of 2010-2020 that are freely available in English were extracted. In our findings, EOs with a high percentage of monoterpenes showed strong ability as potential antifungal agents. Lavandula sp., Salvia sp., Thymus sp., Citrus sp., and Cymbopogon sp. were among the various species found to show excellent antifungal properties against various skin diseases. Some researchers developed advanced formulations such as gel, semi-solid, and ointment bases to further evaluate the effectiveness of EOs as antifungal agents. To date, most studies on the application of EOs as antifungal agents were performed using in vitro techniques, and only a limited number pursued in vivo and intervention-based research.

Matched MeSH terms: Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use*
Fulltext Antifungal Prospect of Bacillus cereus Postbiotic on Crustacean Pathogen, Lagenidium thermophilum

Elliecpearl Jasca J, Annita Seok KY, Suraini L, Chun YA, Julian R, Sano M, et al.

Biocontrol Sci, 2021;26(4):201-205.
PMID: 35013016 DOI: 10.4265/bio.26.201

Pathogenic marine fungi, Lagenidium thermophilum is known causative agent in the crustacean industry. Current disinfection practice in hatchery has risks and negative impacts which prompts suitable substitute to synthetic antifungal agents. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate the antifungal potential of postbiotic from four potential probiotics towards marine oomycetes, L. thermophilum IPMB 1401. The screening test showed that the Lactobacillus plantarum GS12 and Bacillus cereus GS15 postbiotics were positive for antifungal activity on L. thermophilum IPMB 1401. These two bacterial extracts have minimum inhibitory concentration （MIC） at 50%. The toxicity assay on MIC level of the postbiotic revealed that the cumulative mortality of brine shrimp nauplii exposed to B. cereus postbiotic was significantly lower compared to L. plantarum GS12 postbiotic and formalin. This indicates a high potential of B. cereus GS15 as a prospect for alternative control method for fungal infections in the crustacean culture industry.

Matched MeSH terms: Antifungal Agents

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