Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 106 in total

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  1. Fulltext First case of detection of Plasmodium knowlesi in Spain by Real Time PCR in a traveller from Southeast Asia
    Ta TT, Salas A, Ali-Tammam M, Martínez Mdel C, Lanza M, Arroyo E, et al.
    Malar J, 2010;9:219.
    PMID: 20663184 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-9-219
    Previously, Plasmodium knowlesi was not considered as a species of Plasmodium that could cause malaria in human beings, as it is parasite of long-tailed (Macaca fascicularis) and pig-tailed (Macaca nemestrina) macaques found in Southeast Asia. A case of infection by P. knowlesi is described in a Spanish traveller, who came back to Spain with daily fever after his last overseas travel, which was a six-month holiday in forested areas of Southeast Asia between 2008 and 2009. His P. knowlesi infection was detected by multiplex Real time quantitative PCR and confirmed by sequencing the amplified fragment. Using nested multiplex malaria PCR (reference method in Spain) and a rapid diagnostic test, the P. knowlesi infection was negative. This patient was discharged and asymptomatic when the positive result to P. knowlesi was reported. Prior to this case, there have been two more reports of European travellers with malaria caused by P. knowlesi, a Finnish man who travelled to Peninsular Malaysia during four weeks in March 2007, and a Swedish man who did a short visit to Malaysian Borneo in October 2006. Taken together with this report of P. knowlesi infection in a Spanish traveller returning from Southeast Asia, this is the third case of P. knowlesi infection in Europe, indicating that this simian parasite can infect visitors to endemic areas in Southeast Asia. This last European case is quite surprising, given that it is an untreated-symptomatic P. knowlesi in human, in contrast to what is currently known about P. knowlesi infection. Most previous reports of human P. knowlesi malaria infections were in adults, often with symptoms and relatively high parasite densities, up to the recent report in Ninh Thuan province, located in the southern part of central Vietnam, inhabited mainly by the Ra-glai ethnic minority, in which all P. knowlesi infections were asymptomatic, co-infected with P. malariae, with low parasite densities and two of the three identified cases were very young children under five years old.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaria/diagnosis*
  2. [Monkey malaria in a traveller from Malaysia]
    van Hellemond JJ, van Genderen PJ
    Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd, 2010;154:A1353.
    PMID: 20456798
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaria/diagnosis*
  3. [Plasmodium knowlesi--the fifth species causing human malaria]
    Kantele A, Jokiranta S
    Duodecim, 2010;126(4):427-34.
    PMID: 20486493
    Four species have been known to bring on human malaria, the most severe disease being caused by Plasmodium falciparum. In 2007, after returning from Malaysia, a Finnish tourist was found to be infected with a fifth Plasmodium species, P. knowlesi which usually infects macaques. Over the past few years, hundreds of human cases have been found in Malaysia. The clinical disease caused by P. knowlesi appears less severe than P. falciparum infection, but more severe than infection with other malaria-causing species. Diagnosis is based both on PCR and microscopy. P. knowlesi is currently. considered as the fifth species causing malaria in humans.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaria/diagnosis
  4. Fulltext Plasmodium knowlesi malaria in Vietnam: some clarifications
    Van den Eede P, Vythilingam I, Ngo DT, Nguyen VH, Le XH, D'Alessandro U, et al.
    Malar J, 2010;9:20.
    PMID: 20082717 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-9-20
    A recently published comment on a report of Plasmodium knowlesi infections in Vietnam states that this may not accurately represent the situation in the study area because the PCR primers used may cross-hybridize with Plasmodium vivax. Nevertheless, P. knowlesi infections have been confirmed by sequencing. In addition, a neighbour-joining tree based on the 18S S-Type SSUrRNA gene shows that the Vietnamese samples clearly cluster with the P. knowlesi isolates identified in Malaysia and are distinct from the corresponding P. vivax sequences. All samples came from asymptomatic individuals who did not consult for fever during the months preceding or following the survey, indicating that asymptomatic P. knowlesi infections occur in this population, although this does not exclude the occurrence of symptomatic cases. Large-scale studies to determine the extent and the epidemiology of P. knowlesi malaria in Vietnam are further needed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaria/diagnosis*
  5. Fulltext Prevalence of clinical malaria among an Orang Asli community in Malaysia
    Kaur G
    Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2009 Jul;40(4):665-73.
    PMID: 19842399
    An epidemiological cross-sectional study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of clinical malaria among the Orang Asli population of Raub, Pahang, Malaysia. The study was conducted on a representative sample of 520 Orang Asli. Malariometric and clinical measurements were taken. The overall parasitemic rate was 24.2% (95% CI 20.7-28.1). Twenty-three point four percent (95% CI 19.5-26.9) of respondents age two years and above were clinically febrile. The prevalence of fever, chills, perspiration and body aches during a one month period prior to the survey among the same group ranged between 4.2% (95% CI 2.7-6.4) and 13.5% (95% CI 10.6-16.7). Children 2-12 years old were more likely to present with fever, and symptoms of malaria than older children. Gender was not significantly associated with fever or any of the other malaria symptoms. Presence of clinical fever and history of malaria symptoms were all strongly associated with current infection. The association was significant even after controlling for age (adjusted OR 2.8-5.1, 95% CI 1.1-8.3). Orang Asli children significantly experienced greater morbidity due to malaria compared to adults. Control and treatment of malaria should focus on children, while further research should explore the effects of malaria morbidity on the quality of life of these children.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaria/diagnosis
  6. Malaria: the value of the automated depolarization analysis
    Josephine FP, Nissapatorn V
    Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2005;36 Suppl 4:68-72.
    PMID: 16438183
    This retrospective and descriptive study was carried out in the University of Malaya Medical Center (UMMC) from January to September, 2004. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic utility of the Cell-Dyn 4000 hematology analyzer's depolarization analysis and to determine the sensitivity and specificity of this technique in the context of malaria diagnosis. A total of 889 cases presenting with pyrexia of unknown origin or clinically suspected of malaria were examined. Sixteen of these blood samples were found to be positive; 12 for P. vivax, 3 for P. malariae, and 1 for P. falciparum by peripheral blood smear as the standard technique for parasite detection and species identification. Demographic characteristics showed that the majority of patients were in the age range of 20-57 with a mean of 35.9 (+/- SD) 11.4 years, and male foreign workers. Of these, 16 positive blood samples were also processed by Cell-Dyne 4000 analyzer in the normal complete blood count (CBC) operational mode. Malaria parasites produce hemozoin, which depolarizes light and this allows the automated detection of malaria during routine complete blood count analysis with the Abbot Cell-Dyn CD4000 instrument. The white blood cell (WBC) differential plots of all malaria positive samples showed abnormal depolarization events in the NEU-EOS and EOS I plots. This was not seen in the negative samples. In 12 patients with P. vivax infection, a cluster pattern in the Neu-EOS and EOS I plots was observed, and appeared color-coded green or black. In 3 patients with P. malariae infection, few random depolarization events in the NEU-EOS and EOS I plots were seen, and appeared color-coded green, black or blue. While in the patient with P. falciparum infection, the sample was color-coded green with a few random purple depolarizing events in the NEU-EOS and EOS I plots. This study confirms that automated depolarization analysis is a highly sensitive and specific method to diagnose whether or not a patient has malaria. This automated approach may prove to be particularly useful in situations where there is little or no clinical suspicion of malaria.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaria/diagnosis*
  7. Malaria: a 10-year (1994-2003) retrospective study at University Malaya Medical Center (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Jamaiah I, Rohela M, Nissapatorn V, Khoo BL, Khoo PS, Radhiyah M, et al.
    Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2005;36 Suppl 4:60-3.
    PMID: 16438181
    Malaria is still one of the most important vector-borne diseases in Malaysia, particularly in remote areas. This retrospective study was carried out to find the prevalence of malaria among patients admitted to UMMC Kuala Lumpur, from 1994-2003. A total of 86 malaria cases were analyzed. Most cases occurred among foreigners [57% (49 cases)] while Malaysians constituted 43% (37 cases). Among foreigners, Indonesians constituted the most [57% (28 cases)]. Among Malaysians, most cases occurred among the Chinese [35% (13 cases)] followed by the Malays [30% (11 cases)]. Males [70%(60 cases)] were more commonly affected. The majority of cases were within the 20-39 year age group (69%). Three species of malaria parasites were reported, of which Plasmodium vivax constituted the most [55%( 47 cases)], followed by Plasmodium falciparum [29% (25 cases)], and only four cases (5%) of Plasmodium malariae. Nine percent (8 cases) were mixed infections. In this study, 12%(10 cases) developed chloroquine resistance: 7 cases of P. falciparum, and 3 cases of P. vivax. The most common complications were jaundice and anemia [77% (23 cases)], followed by blackwater fever [13% (4 cases)] and cerebral malaria [10% (3 cases)]. Most of the complications were due to P. falciparum [43% (13 cases)]. There were no reported deaths. This new source of malaria coming from foreigners must be given serious attention, as it has great potential of increasing malaria cases in urban Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaria/diagnosis
  8. A case of severe Plasmodium knowlesi in a splenectomized patient
    Boo YL, Lim HT, Chin PW, Lim SY, Hoo FK
    Parasitol Int, 2016 Feb;65(1):55-57.
    PMID: 26454133 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2015.10.003
    Plasmodium knowlesi, a zoonotic malaria, is now considered the fifth species of Plasmodium causing malaria in humans. With its 24-hour erythrocytic stage of development, it has raised concern regarding its high potential in replicating and leading to severe illness. Spleen is an important site for removal of parasitized red blood cells and generating immunity. We reported a case of knowlesi malaria in a non-immune, splenectomized patient. We observed the delay in parasite clearance, high parasitic counts, and severe illness at presentation. A thorough search through literature revealed several case reports on falciparum and vivax malaria in splenectomized patients. However, literature available for knowlesi malaria in splenectomized patient is limited. Further studies need to be carried out to clarify the role of spleen in host defense against human malaria especially P. knowlesi.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaria/diagnosis
  9. Detection of malaria in Malaysia by nested polymerase chain reaction amplification of dried blood spots on filter papers
    Singh B, Cox-Singh J, Miller AO, Abdullah MS, Snounou G, Rahman HA
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1996 9 1;90(5):519-21.
    PMID: 8944260
    A modified nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for detection of Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax and P. malariae was combined with a simple blood collection and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction method and evaluated in Malaysia. Finger-prick blood samples from 46 hospital patients and 120 individuals living in malaria endemic areas were spotted on filter papers and dried. The simple Chelex method was used to prepare DNA templates for the nested PCR assay. Higher malaria prevalence rates for both clinical (78.2%) and field samples (30.8%) were obtained with the nested PCR method than by microscopy (76.1% and 27.5%, respectively). Nested PCR was more sensitive than microscopy in detecting mixed P. falciparum and P. vivax infections, detected 5 more malaria samples than microscopy on the first round of microscopical examination, and detected malaria in 3 microscopically negative samples. Nested PCR failed to detect parasite DNA in 2 microscopically positive samples, an overall sensitivity of 97.4% compared to microscopy. The nested PCR method, when coupled with simple dried blood spot sampling, is a useful tool for collecting accurate malaria epidemiological data, particularly in remote regions of the world.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaria/diagnosis*
  10. Diagnosis of malaria using a plate hybridization method for the detection of polymerase chain reaction products
    Hakim SL, Furuta T, Rain AN, Normaznah Y, Zamri MR, Kojima S, et al.
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1995 5 1;89(3):271-2.
    PMID: 7660430
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaria/diagnosis*
  11. Seroepidemiology of malaria: age-specific pattern of Plasmodium falciparum antibody, parasite and spleen rates among children in an endemic area in peninsular Malaysia
    Thomas V, Hock SK, Leng YP
    Trop Doct, 1981 Oct;11(4):149-54.
    PMID: 7027557
    A seroepidemiological study was carried out on Orang Asli (Aborigines) children who lead a semi-nomadic life in the deep jungles of Ulu Kelantan, Malaysia. Out of a total of about 190 children below 14 years, 143 were studied. Blood was collected from finger pricks on standard "strip type" filter papers for indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) tests with Plasmodium falciparum antigen. A positive reaction at 1:10 dilution in infants and young children was considered positive and the reasons are given. The P. falciparum antibody prevalence rate was 84.6% compared to 81.8% spleen and 43.4% parasite rates. Both P. Falciparum and P. vivax were present in children. The age-specific patterns of antibody, spleen and parasite rates were those of a hyperendemic community. There was a positive correlation between antibody and spleen rates up to the age of 9 years. In older children, the antibody rates increased while the spleen and the parasite rates dropped.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaria/diagnosis
  12. Applications of biotechnology in parasitic diseases in Malaysia
    Mak JW, Yong HS, Lim PK, Tan MA
    Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1988 Mar;19(1):7-9.
    PMID: 3406806
    Biotechnological tools are being used in malaria, filariasis and dengue research. The main emphasis has been on the production of reagents for immunodiagnosis and research. In this respect monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) against various species and stages of the above pathogens have been produced. It is hoped that these McAbs will be useful not only in immunodiagnosis but also for seroepidemiological applications. A DNA probe against Brugia malayi has been tested in Malaysia and was found to be sensitive and specific.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaria/diagnosis
  13. Diffusion-in-gel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA and IFA test in the detection of malarial antibodies
    Kumar GS, Mak JW, Lam PL, Tan MA, Lim PK
    Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1987 Dec;18(4):502-6.
    PMID: 3129797
    Malarial antibodies in 80 patients were measured using the diffusion-in-gel enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (DIG-ELISA), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test. Good correlations were obtained between all three tests in terms of sensitivity and reliability. DIG-ELISA has the advantage of being a rapid diagnostic tool for the detection of malarial antibodies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaria/diagnosis*
  14. Malaria-the end of a cycle? Further clinical and laboratory experiences of malaria in Seremban-during the four years 1970-73
    O'Holohan DR
    Med J Malaysia, 1975 Mar;30(3):157-62.
    PMID: 1160673
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaria/diagnosis
  15. Fulltext Case Report: Case Series of Human Plasmodium knowlesi Infection on the Southern Border of Thailand
    Ngernna S, Rachaphaew N, Thammapalo S, Prikchoo P, Kaewnah O, Manopwisedjaroen K, et al.
    Am J Trop Med Hyg, 2019 12;101(6):1397-1401.
    PMID: 31595871 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0063
    Although human infections of Plasmodium knowlesi have been found throughout Southeast Asia, most cases originated from Malaysian Borneo. In Thailand, P. knowlesi malaria was considered extremely rare. However, during October 2017-September 2018, there was a surge in the number of reported P. knowlesi cases. Here, a series of six cases of P. knowlesi malaria found during this period in Songkhla and Narathiwat provinces of southern Thailand are presented. All cases were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. The unprecedented case number in the affected area is a warning sign of an increasing P. knowlesi burden in the south of Thailand.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaria/diagnosis*
  16. Fulltext Case Report: Two Cases of Recurring Ovale Malaria in Sarawak, Malaysia, after Successful Treatment of Imported Plasmodium falciparum Infection
    Liew JWK, Ooi CH, Snounou G, Lau YL
    Am J Trop Med Hyg, 2019 12;101(6):1402-1404.
    PMID: 31595863 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0305
    Here are two cases of recurring ovale malaria in Sarawak, Malaysia, that are likely relapses that occurred 1-2 months after successful treatment of the initial imported falciparum malaria with artemisinin-based combined therapy. The patients have no history or recollection of previous malaria episodes. These cases add to the limited evidence on the relapsing nature of Plasmodium ovale, after a febrile episode. In regions where P. ovale is not known to be autochthonous, active follow-up of treated imported malaria patients is highly recommended following their return, particularly to areas nearing or having achieved elimination.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaria/diagnosis*
  17. Fulltext Evaluation of WarmStart Colorimetric Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay for Diagnosis of Malaria
    Lai MY, Ooi CH, Jaimin JJ, Lau YL
    Am J Trop Med Hyg, 2020 06;102(6):1370-1372.
    PMID: 32228783 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0001
    The incidence of zoonotic malaria, Plasmodium knowlesi, infection is increasing and now is the major cause of malaria in Malaysia. Here, we describe a WarmStart colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for the detection of Plasmodium spp. The detection limit for this assay was 10 copies/µL for P knowlesi and Plasmodium ovale and 1 copy/µL for Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, and Plasmodium malariae. To test clinical sensitivity and specificity, 100 microscopy-positive and 20 malaria-negative samples were used. The WarmStart colorimetric LAMP was 98% sensitive and 100% specific. Amplification products were visible for direct observation, thereby eliminating the need for post-amplification processing steps. Therefore, WarmStart colorimetric LAMP is suitable for use in resource-limited settings.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaria/diagnosis*
  18. The indirect fluorescent antibody test for malaria
    Collins WE, Skinner JC
    Am J Trop Med Hyg, 1972 Sep;21(5):690-5.
    PMID: 4627546
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaria/diagnosis*
  19. Fulltext Development of Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification-Based Lateral Flow Device Method for the Detection of Malaria
    Mallepaddi PC, Lai MY, Podha S, Ooi CH, Liew JW, Polavarapu R, et al.
    Am J Trop Med Hyg, 2018 09;99(3):704-708.
    PMID: 29943720 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0177
    The present study aims to develop a method for rapid diagnosis of malaria using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) combined with a lateral flow device (LFD). By adding the biotin-labeled and fluorescein amidite-labeled loop primers to the LAMP reaction solution, the end product can be visualized on a LFD. The entire procedure takes approximately 42 minutes to complete, LAMP assay exhibited high sensitivity, as the detection limit was 0.01 pg/μL for all five Plasmodium species. It was demonstrated that all Plasmodium knowlesi (N = 90) and Plasmodium vivax (N = 56) were positively amplified by LAMP-LFD assay, whereas healthy donor samples (N = 8) were negative. However, not all mixed infections were positive, and other infected nonmalaria samples were negative. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification-LFD represents a robust approach with potential suitability for use in resource-constrained laboratories. We believe that LAMP-LFD has a potential to be developed as point-of-care diagnostic tool in future.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaria/diagnosis*
  20. Fulltext Inter-sectoral approaches for the prevention and control of malaria among the mobile and migrant populations: a scoping review
    Naing C, Whittaker MA, Tanner M
    Malar J, 2018 Nov 16;17(1):430.
    PMID: 30445959 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-018-2562-4
    BACKGROUND: Malaria cases among mobile and migrant populations (MMPs) represent a large and important reservoir for transmission, if undetected or untreated. The objectives of this review were to identify which intersectoral actions have been taken and how they are applied to interventions targeted at the MMPs and also to assess the effect of interventions targeted to these special groups of population.

    RESULTS: A total of 36 studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. Numerous stakeholders were identified as involved in the intersectoral actions to defeat malaria amongst MMPs. Almost all studies discussed the involvement of Ministry of Health/Public Health (MOH/MOPH). The most frequently assessed intervention among the studies that were included was the coverage and utilization of insecticide-treated nets as personal protective measures (40.5%), followed by the intervention of early diagnoses and treatment of malaria (33.3%), the surveillance and response activities (13.9%) and the behaviour change communication (8.3%). There is a dearth of information on how these stakeholders shared roles and responsibilities for implementation, and about the channels of communication between-and-within the partners and with the MOH/MOPH. Despite limited details in the studies, the intermediate outcomes showed some evidence that the intersectoral collaborations contributed to improvement in knowledge about malaria, initiation and promotion of bed nets utilization, increased access to diagnosis and treatment in a surveillance context and contributed towards a reduction in malaria transmission. Overall, a high proportion of the targeted MMPs was equipped with correct knowledge about malaria transmission (70%, 95% CI 57-83%). Interventions targeting the use of bed nets utilization were two times more likely to reduce malaria incidence amongst the targeted MMPs (summary OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.43-2.6) than the non-users. The various intersectoral actions were often more vertically organized and not fully integrated in a systemic way within a given country or sub-national administrative setting.

    CONCLUSION: Findings suggest that interventions supported by the multiple stakeholders had a significant impact on the reduction of malaria transmission amongst the targeted MMPs. Well-designed studies from different countries are recommended to robustly assess the role of intersectoral interventions targeted to MMPs and their impact on the reduction of transmission.

    Matched MeSH terms: Malaria/diagnosis
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