MyMedR

Fulltext Beta carotene intake and oral cancer risk

Ng LC, Helen, Razak IA, Ghani WMN, Marhazlinda J, Rahman ZAA, Norlida A, et al.

Ann Dent, 2015;22(1):2-5.

MyJurnal

This study aims to identify the relationship between dietary intakes of β-carotene with risk of oral cancer.
Methods: A hospital-based, case-control study was conducted on 306 Malaysians who seek treatment at participating centres/hospitals. Subjects selected from the Malaysian Oral Cancer Data and Tissue Banking System (MOCDTBS) consisted of 153 cases and 153 controls that were matched for gender, age (±5 years) and ethnicity. Food consumption was measured using Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). NutrieMart Version 2.0.0 software was used to estimate daily nutrient of each subject from the FFQ. Logistic Regression analysis was conducted to compute the odds ratio (OR) for intakes of β-carotene and oral cancer risk.
Results: Intake of β-carotene was found to be not associated with risk of oral cancer (OR 0.83, 95%CI: 0.42-1.66, p>0.05).
Conclusion: No significant association was found between dietary intakes of β-carotene with oral cancer risk in this study population.

Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Neoplasms*

Surgical management of patients with advanced buccal pouch cancer

Sivaloganathan V

Med J Malaya, 1971 Dec;26(2):116-9.

PMID: 4260856

Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Neoplasms/surgery*

Fulltext Angioleiomyoma (Vascular Leiomyoma) of the Oral Cavity

Rawal SY, Rawal YB

Head Neck Pathol, 2018 Mar;12(1):123-126.

PMID: 28589436 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-017-0827-9

A 70-year-old male presented with a slow growing, dome shaped and painless mass of the hard palate. The mass was excised. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of a angioleiomyoma (vascular leiomyoma). A leiomyoma is an uncommon benign tumor of smooth muscle differentiation. True leiomyomas of the oral cavity are rare and most oral tumors are derived from the smooth muscle of walls of blood vessels. Therefore, they are called vascular leiomyomas or angioleiomyomas. Clinically, they may resemble a myriad other conditions both benign and malignant. A definitive diagnosis depends upon histopathological examination of the biopsied tissue in correlation with the tumor cell immunohistochemistry. Tumors are excised and recurrence is rare. The histopathological findings and differential diagnosis of a case of a palatal angioleiomyoma are discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Neoplasms/pathology*

C-kit Expression in Oral Leukoplakia

Tegginamani AS, Shivakumar VH, Ismail SMB, Abraham MT, Fernandes BA, Zamzuri ATB

J Coll Physicians Surg Pak, 2022 Feb;32(2):256-258.

PMID: 35108805 DOI: 10.29271/jcpsp.2022.02.256

Oral leukoplakia is the most common potentially malignant oral disorder. Oral leukoplakia's malignant potential is independent of the histopathological grade, and the malignant transformation rate varies greatly from 3% to 50% even in the case of severe epithelial dysplasia. Ethnic & environmental variables may contribute to this variation. C-kit immunohistochemistry was performed on 15 oral leukoplakia (OL), two oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and two dentigerous cysts (DC). The objective of this study was to evaluate the c-kit expression in oral leukoplakia. The use of various immunohistochemical markers to differentiate between OLs with a high and low risk of malignant transformation has been investigated. Only four OL exhibited a faint cytoplasmic expression in basal cells. Whereas, OSCC and DC were devoid of c-kit expression. Thus, this may not be a unique marker for identifying OL at high-risk. Further research with larger sample size is required. Key Words: CD 117, Disease progression, Oral dysplasia, Oral leukoplakia, Risk prediction.

Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Neoplasms*

Fulltext Sclerosing odontogenic carcinoma - review of all published cases: is it a justifiable addition as a malignancy?

Lim D, Tan CC, Tilakaratne WM, Goh YC

Braz J Otorhinolaryngol, 2021 02 27;88(1):118-129.

PMID: 33715971 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2021.01.007

INTRODUCTION: Sclerosing odontogenic carcinoma was a new addition to the list of head and neck tumors by World Health Organization in 2017. This lesion has scarcely been reported and a lack of pathognomonic markers for diagnosis exists.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to summarize findings from the available literature to provide up-to-date information on sclerosing odontogenic carcinoma and to analyse clinical, radiological, and histopathological features to obtain information for and against as an odontogenic malignancy.

METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive review of literature by searching Pubmed, EBSCO and Web of Science databases, according to PRISMA guidelines. All the cases reported as sclerosing odontogenic carcinoma in English were included. Data retrieved from the articles were gender, age, clinical features, site, relevant medical history, radiographical findings, histopathological findings, immunohistochemical findings, treatments provided and prognosis.

RESULTS: Mean age at diagnosis of sclerosing odontogenic carcinoma was 54.4 years with a very slight female predilection. Sclerosing odontogenic carcinoma was commonly reported in the mandible as an expansile swelling which can be asymptomatic or associated with pain or paraesthesia. They appeared radiolucent with cortical resorption in radiograph evaluation. Histologically, sclerosing odontogenic carcinoma was composed of epithelioid cells in dense, fibrous, or sclerotic stroma with equivocal perineural invasion. Mild cellular atypia and inconspicuous mitotic activity were observed. There is no specific immunohistochemical marker for sclerosing odontogenic carcinoma. AE1/AE3, CK 5/6, CK 14, CK19, p63 and E-cadherin were the widely expressed markers for sclerosing odontogenic carcinoma. Surgical resection was the main treatment provided with no recurrence in most cases. No cases of metastasis were reported.

CONCLUSION: From the literature available, sclerosing odontogenic carcinoma is justifiable as a malignant tumor with no or unknown metastatic potential which can be adequately treated with surgical resection. However, there is insufficient evidence for histological grading or degree of malignancy of this tumor.

Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Neoplasms*

Fulltext Association of Microbiome with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review of the Metagenomic Studies

Su Mun L, Wye Lum S, Kong Yuiin Sze G, Hock Yoong C, Ching Yung K, Kah Lok L, et al.

Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2021 Jul 06;18(14).

PMID: 34299675 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147224

The past decade has witnessed a surge in epidemiological studies that have explored the relationship between the oral microbiome and oral cancer. Owing to the diversity of the published data, a comprehensive systematic overview of the currently available evidence is critical. This review summarises the current evidence on the metagenomic studies on the oral microbiome in oral cancer. A systematic search was conducted in Medline and Embase databases to identify original studies examining the differences in the oral microbiome of oral cancer cases and controls. A total of twenty-six studies were identified that reported differences in microbial abundance between oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and controls. Although almost all the studies identified microbial dysbiosis to be associated with oral cancer, the detailed qualitative analysis did not reveal the presence/abundance of any individual bacteria or a consortium to be consistently enriched in OSCC samples across the studies. Interestingly, few studies reported a surge of periodontopathogenic taxa, especially Fusobacteria, whereas others demonstrated a depletion of commensal taxa Streptococci. Considerable heterogeneity could be identified in the parameters used for designing the studies as well as reporting the microbial data. If microbiome data needs to be translated in the future, to complement the clinical parameters for diagnosis and prognosis of oral cancer, further studies with the integration of clinical variables, adequate statistical power, reproducible methods, and models are required.

Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Neoplasms*

Seropositivity of HPV 16 E6 and E7 and the risk of oral cancer

Wong GR, Ha KO, Himratul-Aznita WH, Yang YH, Wan Mustafa WM, Yuen KM, et al.

Oral Dis, 2014 Nov;20(8):762-7.

PMID: 24320099 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12218

The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of HPV seropositivity among patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and healthy individuals and to correlate the association between HPV 16 seropositivity and risk of OSCC.

Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Neoplasms

Fulltext Oral cancer prognosis based on clinicopathologic and genomic markers using a hybrid of feature selection and machine learning methods

Chang SW, Abdul-Kareem S, Merican AF, Zain RB

BMC Bioinformatics, 2013;14:170.

PMID: 23725313 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-14-170

Machine learning techniques are becoming useful as an alternative approach to conventional medical diagnosis or prognosis as they are good for handling noisy and incomplete data, and significant results can be attained despite a small sample size. Traditionally, clinicians make prognostic decisions based on clinicopathologic markers. However, it is not easy for the most skilful clinician to come out with an accurate prognosis by using these markers alone. Thus, there is a need to use genomic markers to improve the accuracy of prognosis. The main aim of this research is to apply a hybrid of feature selection and machine learning methods in oral cancer prognosis based on the parameters of the correlation of clinicopathologic and genomic markers.

Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Neoplasms/diagnosis*; Mouth Neoplasms/genetics; Mouth Neoplasms/pathology

Oral cancer presentation among Malay patients in hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan

Razak AA, Saddki N, Naing NN, Abdullah N

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2009;10(6):1131-6.

PMID: 20192598

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to identify the characteristics of oral cancer among Malay patients in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM), Kelantan.

METHODS: A retrospective record review was conducted from August to December 2006 in HUSM. Of 133 patients with oral cancer diagnosed from 1986 to 2005, 118 were Malay. Data on socio-demographic background, high-risk habits practiced, clinical and histological characteristics, and treatment profile of the patients were obtained.

RESULTS: Malay patients with oral cancer were predominantly elderly, aged 60 years old and above (51.7%) at the time of diagnosis, with a mean age of 58.1 years (SD 16.81). Most patients were males (64.4%) and the majority of them were married (83.9%). More than half (58.5%) had been smokers, and of those who smoked, 89.9% were males. Some had a betel quid chewing habit (22.9%) but none ever consumed alcohol. The majority of the patients (77.1%) were diagnosed at stage IV. The tongue was the most usual site involved (37.3%) and squamous cell carcinoma was the most common histological type seen (75.4%).

CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of oral cancer among Malay patients in HUSM is high (88.7%). It is predominantly found in elderly males and the majority of cases present at advanced stage.

Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Neoplasms/etiology; Mouth Neoplasms/epidemiology*; Mouth Neoplasms/pathology

Survival of Oral Cancer Patients in Different Ethnicities

Ghani WMN, Ramanathan A, Prime SS, Yang YH, Razak IA, Abdul Rahman ZA, et al.

Cancer Invest, 2019;37(7):275-287.

PMID: 31307249 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2019.1635614

Previous studies found that ethnicity influences oral cancer patients' survival; however, most studies were limited to certain ethnic groups particularly from the West, thus of limited relevance to Asians where the disease is most prevalent. We investigated the relationship between ethnicity and patient survival in multi-racial Malaysia. 5-year survival rate was 40.9%. No statistically significant difference was observed in survival between Malays, Chinese, Indians and Indigenous peoples (45.7%, 44.0%, 41.3%, 27.7% respectively). Increased tumor size, lymph node involvement and advanced tumor were predictive of poor survival. We conclude that ethnicity has no effect on survival or its prognostic indicators.

Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Neoplasms/ethnology*; Mouth Neoplasms/mortality*; Mouth Neoplasms/pathology

Fulltext Cost-effectiveness of oral cancer screening programmes: a systematic review of design and outcomes

Sivaraj Raman, Asrul Akmal Shafie, Sok, Ching Cheong

Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences, 2020;3(101):15-16.

MyJurnal

Introduction: Oral cancer screening programmes have been promoted to be an integral part of national-control strategies. However, such programmes are often not endorsed due to lack of evidence of its cost-effectiveness. This study aims to systematically review studies on the cost-effectiveness of oral cancer screening programmes.

Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Neoplasms

Fulltext Diagnostic implications of miRNAs in Liquid Biopsy for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC): Clinical validity and interpretation

Jayaraj R, Kumaraswamy C, Raymond G, Ravishankar Ram M, Govind SK, Chandramoorthy HC, et al.

Oral Oncol, 2020 10;109:104634.

PMID: 32171663 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.104634

Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Neoplasms/blood; Mouth Neoplasms/diagnosis*; Mouth Neoplasms/genetics*

Fulltext A genetic programming approach to oral cancer prognosis

Tan MS, Tan JW, Chang SW, Yap HJ, Abdul Kareem S, Zain RB

PeerJ, 2016;4:e2482.

PMID: 27688975 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2482

The potential of genetic programming (GP) on various fields has been attained in recent years. In bio-medical field, many researches in GP are focused on the recognition of cancerous cells and also on gene expression profiling data. In this research, the aim is to study the performance of GP on the survival prediction of a small sample size of oral cancer prognosis dataset, which is the first study in the field of oral cancer prognosis.

Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Neoplasms

Biopsy techniques in the diagnosis and treatment of mouth diseases and tumours

Ramanathan K

Med J Malaysia, 1979 Sep;34(1):28-31.

PMID: 542146

Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Neoplasms/diagnosis*; Mouth Neoplasms/pathology; Mouth Neoplasms/therapy

Fulltext The Betel Quid Chewing Habit: Why It Should Be Stopped And What Can Be Done To Stop This Habit?

Saub, R.

Ann Dent, 2001;8(1):-.

MyJurnal

The habit of chewing betel quid has been practised since ancient times. Although the world has gone through modernization, a significant proportion of people still practices this habit. Substantial evidence has shown that betel quid chewing is associated with the occurrence of oral cancer and precancerous lesions, which has a tremendous psychosocial impact on an individual's life. Thus it becomes significantly important to dentistry to look into this matter. Since betel quid chewing is one of the causes of oral cancer, effort in cha~ging this habit is essential. This article addresses this issue.

Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Neoplasms

Fulltext Cytopathological effects of smoking on clinically normal oral mucosa. [Abstract]

Ghasak Ghazi Faisal, Faridah Md Khalid, Yusri Yazid

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2017;16(21):42-42.

MyJurnal

Introduction: Smoking is a well-known cause of oral disease and oral cancer. Several dysplastic cytological changes occur before the appearance of the clinical lesion. This study aimed to investigate the cytopathological effects of smoking in clinically normal oral mucosa of cigarette smokers.
Materials and Methods: A total of 40 cigarette smokers and 40 nonsmokers (control group) were included in this study. All participants had clinically normal oral mucosa. Oral smears were obtained from the side of the tongue and floor of the mouth using a Cytobrush. The smears were stained by Papanicolaou stain and examined under light microscope for inflammation, hyperkeratinization and dysplasia.
Results: There was a significantly higher rate(p<0.005) of inflammation 63%, hyperkeratiniztion 62% and mild dysplasia 26% among smokers than non-smokers where the rates were 35%, 12% and 2% respectively.
Conclusion: Smoking causes significant cytopathological changes in normal oral mucosa, the detection of which is important to prevent progression into carcinoma. The procedure is fast, painless and inexpensive.
KEYWORDS: Papanicolaou stain, brush biopsy, cigarette smokers, dysplasia, oral mucosa

Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Neoplasms

Fulltext Oral cancer awareness and practice of risk habits and mouth self-examination in high risk indigenous community in Sarawak, Malaysia

Thaddius Herman Maling, Jennifer Geraldine Doss, Low, Wah Yun

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2017;16(21):19-19.

MyJurnal

This study was to obtain baseline information and its associated factors on oral
cancer awareness, practice of risk habits and mouth self-examination (MSE) among selected highrisk
indigenous community in Sarawak. (Copied from article).

Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Neoplasms

Translational genomics and recent advances in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Chai AWY, Lim KP, Cheong SC

Semin Cancer Biol, 2020 04;61:71-83.

PMID: 31542510 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.09.011

Oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) are a heterogeneous group of cancers arising from the mucosal lining of the oral cavity. A majority of these cancers are associated with lifestyle risk habits including smoking, excessive alcohol consumption and betel quid chewing. Cetuximab, targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor was approved for the treatment of OSCC in 2006, and remains the only molecular targeted therapy available for OSCC. Here, we reviewed the current findings from genomic analyses of OSCC and discuss how these studies inform on the biological mechanisms underlying OSCC. Exome sequencing revealed that the significantly mutated genes are mainly tumour suppressors. Mutations in FAT1, CASP8, CDKN2A, and NOTCH1 are more frequently found in OSCC when compared to non-OSCC head and neck cancers and other squamous cell carcinomas, and HRAS and PIK3CA are the only significantly mutated oncogenes. The distribution of these mutations also differs in populations with distinct risk habits. Gene expression-based molecular classification showed that OSCC can be divided into distinct subtypes and these have a preferential response to different types of therapies, suggesting that these classifications could have clinical implications. More recently, with the approval of checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of cancers including OSCC, genomics studies also dissected the genetic signatures of the immune compartment to delineate immune-active and -exhausted subtypes that could inform on the immune status of OSCC patients and guide the development of novel therapies to improve response to immunotherapy. Taken together, genomics studies are informing on the biology of both the epithelial and stromal compartments underlying OSCC development, and we discuss the opportunities and challenges in using these to derive clinical benefit for OSCC patients.

Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Neoplasms/drug therapy; Mouth Neoplasms/genetics*; Mouth Neoplasms/metabolism; Mouth Neoplasms/pathology

Fulltext High TNF and NF-κB Pathway Dependency Are Associated with AZD5582 Sensitivity in OSCC via CASP8-Dependent Apoptosis

Chai AWY, Tan YH, Ooi S, Yee PS, Yee SM, Lightfoot H, et al.

Cancer Res Commun, 2024 Nov 01;4(11):2919-2932.

PMID: 39360810 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.CRC-24-0136

Mechanistically guided drug repurposing has been made possible by systematically integrating pharmacologic and CRISPR-Cas9 screen data. Our study discovers the biomarker and cell death mechanisms underpinning sensitivity toward AZD5582, an antagonist of the inhibitor of apoptosis family protein. Our findings have important implications for improving future trial design for patients with OSCC using this emerging drug class.

Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Neoplasms/drug therapy; Mouth Neoplasms/genetics; Mouth Neoplasms/metabolism; Mouth Neoplasms/pathology

An oral cancer biobank initiative: a platform for multidisciplinary research in a developing country

Zain RB, Athirajan V, Ghani WM, Razak IA, Raja Latifah RJ, Ismail SM, et al.

Cell Tissue Bank, 2013 Mar;14(1):45-52.

PMID: 22373599 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-012-9298-0

Identification of diagnostic markers for early detection and development of novel and therapeutic agents for effective patient management are the main motivation for cancer research. Biological specimens from large cohort and case-control studies which are crucial in providing successful research outcomes are often the limiting factor that hinders research efforts, especially in developing countries. Therefore, the Malaysian Oral Cancer Database and Tissue Bank System (MOCDTBS) were established to systematically collect large number of samples with comprehensive sociodemographic, clinicopathological, management strategies, quality of life and associated patient follow-up data to facilitate oral cancer research in Malaysia. The MOCDTBS also promotes sharing among researchers and the development of a multidisciplinary research team. The following article aims to describe the process of setting-up and managing the MOCDTBS.

Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Neoplasms/pathology*

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