MyMedR

Fulltext Applications of calixarenes in cancer chemotherapy: facts and perspectives

Yousaf A, Hamid SA, Bunnori NM, Ishola AA

Drug Des Devel Ther, 2015;9:2831-8.

Research on the therapeutic applications of calixarene derivatives is an emerging area of interest. The anticancer activity of various functionalized calixarenes has been reported by several research groups. Due to their superior geometric shape, calixarenes can accommodate drug molecules by forming inclusion complexes. Controlled release of anticancer drugs by calixarenes might help in targeted chemotherapy. This review summarizes the anticancer potential of the calixarenes and their drug loading properties. The potential use of calixarenes in chemoradiotherapy is also highlighted in brief.

Matched MeSH terms: Chemoradiotherapy/methods

Neck stiffness in a post-irradiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma adult: An unusual diagnosis

Lorna Ting KN, Liew YT, Abu Bakar Z, Narayanan P

Auris Nasus Larynx, 2019 Jun;46(3):469-473.

PMID: 30049634 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2018.07.002

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a neoplasm commonly found in population of South East Asia. The mainstay of treatment is high dose irradiation. Complications from radiotherapy are not uncommon especially to those nearby structures such as vertebrae and spinal cord. A 57 year-old gentleman with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) who was treated with chemo-radiation (total of 35 fractions,70Gy) presented to us 6 months post therapy with bilateral nasal discharge and progressive neck stiffness. Nasoendoscopy showed inflamed nasophayngeal mucosa and Computed Tomography (CT) brain and cervical spine showed retropharyngeal and anterior epidural collection with extension into atlantoaxial bone and spinal cord compression. Histopathological specimen revealed features of chronic inflammations with multiple actinomycetes colonies. Our patient suffered severe neck stiffness and loss of sensations on both upper limbs. He was treated conservatively with Halo vest and intravenous antibiotics for 8 weeks and recovered fully. Irradiation in NPC is known to cause devastating complications to cervical spine such as osteoradionecrosis, osteomyelitis. It also renders tissues hypoxic and risk of getting rare infection like actinomycosis. This report can represent a great diagnostic and therapeutic challenge with differentials of tumor recurrence, osteoradionecrosis or osteomyelitis. Patients must be regularly followed up to look for possible cervical complications as a result from irradiation, to prevent devastating outcome or prognosis.

Matched MeSH terms: Chemoradiotherapy*

Fulltext Retrospective Analysis of Cancer Care Performance and Survival Outcome for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma at a leading Cancer Treatment Centre in Malaysia 2008-2012

Abdullah MM, Foo YC, Yap BK, Lee CML, Hoo LP, Lim TO

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2019 06 01;20(6):1701-1708.

PMID: 31244290 DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2019.20.6.1701

Objective: This report focuses on a private medical centre cancer care performance as measured by patient survival
outcome for up to 5 years. Methods: All patients with nasopharyngeal cancer treated at SJMC between 2008 and 2012
were enrolled for this observational cohort study. Mortality outcome was ascertained through record linkage with
national death register, linkage with hospital registration system and finally through direct contact by phone. Result:
266 patients treated between 2008 and 2012 were included for survival analysis. 31% of patients were diagnosed with
Early NPC Cancer (Stage I or II), another 44% with Locally Advanced Cancer (Stage III) and 25% with late stage IV
metastatic cancer. 2%, 27% and 67% had WHO Class I, II and III NPC respectively. The overall survival at 5 years
was 100% for patients with Stage I disease, 91% for Stage II disease, 72% for Stage III disease, and decreasing to
44% for Stage IV disease. Overall survival at 5 years for all stages was 73%. Conclusion: SJMC is among the first
hospitals in Malaysia to embark on routine measurement of the performance of its cancer care services and its results
are comparable to any leading centers in developed countries.

Matched MeSH terms: Chemoradiotherapy/mortality*

Fulltext The neorectum reservoirs

Wong M.P.K

IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia, 2020;19(1):33-37.

MyJurnal

The incidence of rectal dissection is increasing with the rise of rectal cancer all over the world. This
technique has been used regularly to provide a reasonable quality of life for patients. The concern raised
was the functions of these neorectum to replace the original rectum. Several configurations have been
suggested namely the straight end-to-end coloanal anastomosis, side-to-end coloanal anastomosis, colonic Jpouch and the transverse coloplasty to suit the anatomy of the deep pelvis. Apparently, there was no
difference in terms of functional outcome among all these four types of reconstructions. However, these
configurations have seen the emergence of anterior resection syndrome or a pragmatic defaecatory
dysfunction as their complications. Furthermore, the neorectum functions are affected by many other
factors such as preoperative chemoradiotherapy, septic complications, and others more.

Matched MeSH terms: Chemoradiotherapy

Salvaging the chemoport using catheter-assisted deflection during stenting of the superior vena cava

H'ng MWC, Dennien B

Med J Malaysia, 2020 11;75(6):754-755.

PMID: 33219194

Patients with malignancy who develop superior vena cava (SVC) obstruction may require stenting to relieve their symptoms. Some of these individuals also have an indwelling chemoport for concomitant chemotherapy. We present a case where stenting was accomplished after catheter-assisted deflection of the chemoport catheter tubing via a single groin access. It can save procedure time whilst salvaging the device.

Matched MeSH terms: Chemoradiotherapy

Fulltext Perianal Mucinous Adenocarcinoma Diagnosed by Histological Study of Anorectal Abscess with Fistula

Jee SL, Amin-Tai H, Fathi NQ, Jabar MF

ACG Case Rep J, 2018;5:e21.

PMID: 29577055 DOI: 10.14309/crj.2018.21

Perianal mucinous adenocarcinoma (PMA) is an oncologic rarity that poses a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma for treating clinicians because there are few reported cases and an absence of definitive guidelines. We report a patient who had been treated with local surgery for recurrent perianal abscess with fistula for 3 years. Biopsy of the indurated tissue overlying his surgical scars revealed PMA. Neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy followed by abdominoperineal resection was planned to address the locally advanced disease and ongoing sepsis. Our case is unique in that the fistula preceded carcinoma by only 3 years instead of the typical 10 years.

Matched MeSH terms: Chemoradiotherapy

Fulltext Gastrointestinal tract metastasis presenting as intussusception in invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast: A case report

Mosiun JA, Idris MSB, Teoh LY, Teh MS, Chandran PA, See MH

Int J Surg Case Rep, 2019;64:109-112.

PMID: 31629292 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2019.10.003

INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer metastasis to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is rare and occurs more frequently in invasive lobular carcinoma. Patients may be asymptomatic or present with variable vague symptoms that may be mistakenly attributed to side effects of chemotherapy or other benign GI diseases. Treatment follows the principles of systemic disease and includes hormonal therapy, chemotherapy and signal transduction inhibitors, with surgical intervention indicated for complications such as obstruction, perforation and hemorrhage.

PRESENTATION OF CASE: We present the case of a female patient with a history of invasive lobular breast carcinoma who had undergone mastectomy and axillary dissection, followed by chemoradiotherapy. Over the next nine years, she developed ovarian and bone metastases for which appropriate treatment was provided. A right iliac fossa mass was discovered during routine clinic review, though she remained asymptomatic. Computed tomography scan showed ileocecal intussusception. Histopathological examination of the right hemicolectomy specimen following emergency surgery confirmed metastatic invasive lobular carcinoma to the GI tract.

DISCUSSION: GI tract metastasis may present 30 years after the primary breast cancer. Up to 20% of patients may be asymptomatic as shown by Montagna et al. When present, symptoms are commonly non-specific and vague. Histological diagnosis is challenging. GI metastasis typically appears as intramural infiltration of the bowel wall by small cells arranged in cords.

CONCLUSION: It is important to maintain a suspicion for GI tract metastasis in breast cancer patients who present with abdominal mass or GI symptoms, as this aids in prompt institution of accurate and appropriate management.

Matched MeSH terms: Chemoradiotherapy

Fulltext Clinical dilemma-management of low rectal cancer in a Jehovah’s Witness

Azhani C., Azmi M.N., David O.

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2018;17(3):81-84.

MyJurnal

Jehovah’s Witness followers pose a clinical dilemma to the medical practitioners due to their religious belief of an absolute prohibition of blood transfusion under any circumstances. We present a case of Jehovah’s Witness follower who underwent an ultra-low anterior resection for rectal cancer after neo-adjuvant chemo-radiotherapy. The challenges in the perioperative management are highlighted and managed accordingly.

Matched MeSH terms: Chemoradiotherapy

Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx: comparison of two cases and review of the literature

Tan SH, Chong AW, Nazarina AR, Prepageran N

Otolaryngol Pol, 2014 Sep-Oct;68(5):268-70.

PMID: 25283325 DOI: 10.1016/j.otpol.2013.09.003

We describe a rare case of BSCC in the retromolar trigone with only 3 other cases in the literature and also compare the differences between 2 cases of BSCC in terms of presentation and progression. The first patient had a markedly slower progression with painful retromolar trigone swelling over 4 months without nodal metastases. In contrast, the second patient gave a 2-week history of neck swelling with nodal involvement, indicating extremely rapid progression. Our management was tailored accordingly with the first patient undergoing intraoral excision of tumour and adjuvant radiotherapy while the other had bilateral neck dissection with postoperative chemoradiotherapy. Both patients achieved good outcome and are free from disease.

Matched MeSH terms: Chemoradiotherapy

Bilateral Vocal Cord Immobility After Chemoradiotherapy For Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Vengathajalam S, Maruthamuthu T, Nik Hassan NFH, Mohamad I

Gulf J Oncolog, 2020 May;1(33):80-83.

PMID: 32476655

Post chemoradiation vocal cord immobility is a rare complication and this maybe life threatening when patients present with severe aspiration and recurrent pneumonia or even worse if they have an upper airway obstruction. We report a case of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patient whom after receiving curative concurrent chemoradiotherapy, presented with episodes of shortness of breath and aspiration pneumonia finally diagnosed with bilateral vocal cord immobility. She had no evidence of tumour recurrence.

Matched MeSH terms: Chemoradiotherapy/adverse effects*

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