Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 111 in total

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  1. Epidemiology of soil-transmitted helminthiases in Malaysia
    Ahmed A, Al-Mekhlafi HM, Surin J
    Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 2011 May;42(3):527-38.
    PMID: 21706930
    We reviewed the epidemiology of STH in Malaysia from the 1970s to 2009. High prevalence rates persist among the rural Aborigines, estate workers and in urban slums and squatter areas. Trichuris trichiura is the most prevalent helminth in Malaysia ranging from 2.1% to 98.2%. Ascaris lumbricoides follows closely with a prevalence rate of 4.6-86.7%, while hookworm is the least prevalent (0-37.0%). A countrywide control program with special emphasis on school-based intervention is highly recommended among aboriginal people.
    Matched MeSH terms: Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/epidemiology*; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/prevention & control; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/transmission*
  2. A new species of Paracapillaria (Nematoda: Capillariidae) from the intestine of the toad Duttaphrynus melanostictus (Anura) from the Malayan Peninsula
    Moravec F, Modrý D, Jirků M
    J Parasitol, 2007 Aug;93(4):907-9.
    PMID: 17918374
    A new species of parasitic nematode, Paracapillaria malayensis n. sp. (Capillariidae), is described from the small intestine of the toad Duttaphrynus melanostictus imported from the Malayan Peninsula to the Czech Republic. The new species differs from the only other congeneric species, Paracapillaria spratti, mainly in the shape and structure of the spicular proximal end (with a lobular rim), smaller eggs (45-51 x 21-24 microm), longer spicule (336 microm), and the number (37-38) of stichocytes in gravid females; whereas P. spratti parasitizes frogs of the Microhylidae in Papua New Guinea, P. malayensis is a parasite of Bufonidae in the Malayan Peninsula. Other Paracapillaria spp. are parasites of fishes, birds, or mammals and they mostly differ from P. malayensis in the structure of eggs and some other morphological features.
    Matched MeSH terms: Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/epidemiology; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/parasitology; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/veterinary*
  3. A new species of Spauligodon (Nematoda: Oxyuroidea: Pharyngodonidae) in Cyrtodactylus bintangrendah (Sauria: Gekkonidae) from Peninsular Malaysia
    Bursey CR, Goldberg SR, Grismer LL
    J Parasitol, 2014 Jun;100(3):317-22.
    PMID: 24450328 DOI: 10.1645/13-410.1
    Spauligodon bintangensis n. sp. from the intestines of Cyrtodactylus bintangrendah (Gekkonidae) from Peninsular Malaysia is described and illustrated. Spauligodon bintangensis n. sp. represents the 51st species assigned to the genus and the first species from the Oriental Region. The new species is most similar to Spauligodon atlanticus, Spauligodon eremiasi, and Spauligodon occidentalis, but is easily separated by position of vulva, prebulbar in S. atlanticus and S. occidentalis , postbulbar in the new species, and location of lateral alae; in S. eremiasi, the lateral alae occur only in the fourth quarter of the body, whereas in the new species the lateral alae begin just posterior to lips.
    Matched MeSH terms: Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/epidemiology; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/parasitology; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/veterinary*
  4. Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites among Food-handlers in Shiraz, Iran
    Motazedian MH, Najjari M, Ebrahimipour M, Asgari Q, Mojtabavi S, Mansouri M
    Iran J Parasitol, 2015 Oct-Dec;10(4):652-7.
    PMID: 26811734
    Parasitic intestinal infections are still among socioeconomic problems in the world, especially in developing countries like Iran. Food-handlers that directly deal with production and distribution of foods between societies are one of the most important sources to transmit parasitic infections to humans. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among food-handlers in Shiraz, Iran.
    Matched MeSH terms: Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic
  5. Evaluation of the detection method by a flotation method using a wire loop for gastrointestinal parasites
    Takano A, Morinaga D, Teramoto I, Hatabu T, Kido Y, Kaneko A, et al.
    Vet Med Sci, 2024 Sep;10(5):e70007.
    PMID: 39207196 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.70007
    Infections by gastrointestinal parasites are found in a variety of animals worldwide. For the diagnosis of such infections, the flotation method is commonly used to detect parasitic microorganisms, such as oocysts or eggs, in feces. Instead of adding a flotation solution after the final centrifugation step and using a cover slip to collect the parasites, the method using a wire loop for the recovery of the organisms has been reported as one of alternative methods. However, the recovery rates of microorganisms from the flotation method have not been analysed. In the present study, the utility of a flotation method with the use of a wire loop of 8 mm in diameter (the loop method) was evaluated using different numbers of E. tenella oocysts and Heterakis gallinarum eggs, and chicken fecal samples collected at the farms. Consequently, we found that the oocysts and eggs in tubes could be collected at a ratio of 2.00 to 3.08. Thus, our results indicate that the loop method is a simple and time saving method, implicating the application for the estimated OPG/ EPG (Oocysts/Eggs per gram) of the samples.
    Matched MeSH terms: Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/diagnosis; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/parasitology; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/veterinary
  6. Fulltext Case Report: A Symptomatic Case of Hymenolepis diminuta Infection in an Urban-Dwelling Adult in Malaysia
    Ahmad AF, Ngui R, Ong J, Sarip F, Ismail WHW, Omar H, et al.
    Am J Trop Med Hyg, 2017 Jul;97(1):163-165.
    PMID: 28719332 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0877
    A case of Hymenolepis diminuta infection in a 43-year-old Malaysian male with persistent abdominal colicky pain is reported. Endoscopy revealed whitish worms in the lumen of the small intestine, which were identified as H. diminuta after microscopy. Patient was successfully treated with a single dose of praziquantel (25 mg/kg).
    Matched MeSH terms: Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/epidemiology; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/parasitology*
  7. Parasitic infections among Southeast Asian labourers in Taiwan: a long-term study
    Wang LC
    Epidemiol Infect, 1998 Feb;120(1):81-6.
    PMID: 9528821
    Parasitic infections have been reported to be relatively common among the Southeast Asian labourers in Taiwan. This study, conducted in 1992-6, was designed to determine the temporal changes of the prevalence. Faecal specimens were examined by the formalin-ethyl acetate sedimentation technique and blood samples screened using the quantitative buffy coat technique and confirmed by Giemsa stained blood smear. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections was 10.3%. The annual prevalence decreased from 33.3% in 1992-3 to 4.6% in 1995-6. The Thai (12.0%) and Indonesian (11.1%) had a higher prevalence than the Malaysian (6.7%) and Filipinos (5.9%). Opisthorchis viverrini was the most important parasite in the Thai and Trichuris trichiura in the remaining groups. Moreover, no blood parasites were found in the labourers. The dramatic temporal decline in the intestinal parasitic infections suggests that limiting the entry of infected persons, periodic follow-ups, and immediate treatment of sporadic cases are necessary in preventing transmission of non-indigenous parasites through large population change.
    Matched MeSH terms: Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/epidemiology*; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/parasitology
  8. Anemia in remote interior communities in Sarawak, Malaysia
    Sagin DD, Ismail G, Mohamad M, Pang EK, Sya OT
    Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 2002 Jun;33(2):373-7.
    PMID: 12236440
    A cross-sectional survey of 365 individuals, (51.9% males, 48.1% females; ages 5-85 years), from five remote interior communities in upper Rejang River basin Sarawak, Malaysia, found 24.4% were anemic. The range and mean of Hb concentration in male and female were: 7.2-17.0 mg/ml and 13.7 mg/ml and 7.9-15.7 mg/ml and 12.9 mg/ml respectively. Amongst the five tribes surveyed, the prevalence of anemia (range: 10.6-46.7%), was higher among the Penans (46.7%), Kenyahs (31.1%), Kajangs (27.8%) and Kayans (19.3%), than amongst the Ukits (10.6%). Anemia is more common among males >40 years and among adolescents and young reproductive females, as well as elderly females > 61 years old. Of the 83 anemic individuals, 6.0% and 3.6% had Trichuris trichiura or hookworm respectively; however there is no clear association with intestinal worm infection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/classification; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/complications
  9. Fulltext A tale of two communities: intestinal polyparasitism among Orang Asli and Malay communities in rural Terengganu, Malaysia
    Elyana FN, Al-Mekhlafi HM, Ithoi I, Abdulsalam AM, Dawaki S, Nasr NA, et al.
    Parasit Vectors, 2016 07 16;9(1):398.
    PMID: 27422533 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1678-z
    BACKGROUND: Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are still major health problems in many developing countries including Malaysia, particularly in the poor and socioeconomically deprived rural and remote communities in Peninsular Malaysia. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of IPIs and to identify the key factors associated with intestinal polyparasitism as well as to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) on IPIs among rural Orang Asli and Malay communities in Terengganu, Malaysia.

    METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 340 participants (165 Orang Asli and 175 Malay) aged ≤ 15 years from the Hulu Terengganu and Kemaman districts of Terengganu. Faecal samples were examined for the presence of intestinal parasites by using direct smear, formalin-ether sedimentation, trichrome stain, modified Ziehl Neelsen stain, in vitro cultivation in Jones' medium, Kato Katz and Harada Mori techniques. Demographic, socioeconomic, environmental and behavioural information of the participants and their KAP for IPIs were collected by using a pre-tested questionnaire.

    RESULTS: Overall, 149 (90.3 %) Orang Asli and 43 (24.6 %) Malay children were infected by at least one parasite species. The overall prevalences of intestinal polyparasitism among the Orang Asli and Malay were 68.5 % (113/165) and 14.3 % (25/175), respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that using unsafe water supply as a source for drinking water, the presence of domestic animals, not wearing shoes when outside, not washing vegetables before consumption, not washing hands after playing with soil, indiscriminate defecation and the low level of mother's education were the key risk factors for intestinal polyparasitism among the Orang Asli, while working mothers and the presence of domestic animals were the risk factors among the Malay children. Almost all the Malays were well aware about the IPIs while Orang Asli respondents had a poor level of related awareness.

    CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that IPIs are highly prevalent in rural Terengganu, Malaysia. Community awareness about IPIs was found to be imperative in protecting Malay children from these infections. An integrated control programme for the prevention and control of IPIs is highly recommended for these communities, with a special emphasis on the Orang Asli population.

    Matched MeSH terms: Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/epidemiology*; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/prevention & control
  10. Fulltext Intestinal nematode infections and efficacy study of oxantel-pyrantel pamoate among plantation workers
    Zahedi M, Oothuman P, Sabapathy NN, Abu Bakar N
    Med J Malaysia, 1980 Sep;35(1):31-7.
    PMID: 7253995
    Matched MeSH terms: Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/drug therapy*; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/epidemiology
  11. Intestinal helminthiasis and abdominal symptoms in adults
    Mahendra Raj S, Sivakumaran S, Vijayakumari S
    Trop Gastroenterol, 1991 Jan-Mar;12(1):21-4.
    PMID: 2058006
    In a study to test the association between soil transmitted intestinal helminthiasis and abdominal symptoms in a non-paediatric age group, 242 randomly selected patients (137 males, 105 females, median age 45 years) were asked specific questions pertaining to abdominal symptoms at the time of admission to the adult medical wards. Stool examination on all patients revealed a round worm prevalence rate of 21%. A larger proportion of stool positive female patients were symptomatic than stool negative females (68% vs 30%, p = 0.04). There was no significant difference in symptoms between stool positive and stool negative male patients (34.6% vs 31%, p = 0.91). The results suggested an association between intestinal nematode infection and abdominal symptoms in females but not in males.
    Matched MeSH terms: Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/complications; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/parasitology*
  12. Distribution, relative abundance, food habits, and parasite patterns of giant rats (Rattus) in West Malaysia
    Lim BL
    J Mammal, 1970 Nov;51(4):730-40.
    PMID: 5530310
    Matched MeSH terms: Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/epidemiology; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/veterinary*
  13. Toxocara malaysiensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Ascaridoidea) from the domestic cat (Felis catus Linnaeus, 1758)
    Gibbons LM, Jacobs DE, Sani RA
    J Parasitol, 2001 Jun;87(3):660-5.
    PMID: 11426732
    Toxocara malaysiensis n. sp. from the small intestine of the domestic cat (Felis catus L.) in Malaysia is described and illustrated. This ascaridoid nematode was previously assumed to be Toxocara canis, which it superficially resembles, or designated Toxocara sp. cf. canis. The new species differs from T. canis in the shape of the cervical alae in cross section, spicule length, and the lip structure. It is also distinct from other species assigned to Toxocara.
    Matched MeSH terms: Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/parasitology; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/veterinary*
  14. Fulltext Hymenolepis nana in a renal transplant recipient: to treat or not to treat?
    Syafinaz AN, Hamat RA, Malina O, Siti NM, Niazlin MT, Jamal F
    Med J Malaysia, 2011 Aug;66(3):259-60.
    PMID: 22111454 MyJurnal
    A case of hymenolepiasis in a renal transplant recipient. Issues discussed include the benefit of anti-parasitic agents as well as the preventive measures.
    Matched MeSH terms: Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/diagnosis; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/therapy*
  15. Fulltext Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among communities living in different habitats and its comparison with one hundred and one studies conducted over the past 42 years (1970 to 2013) in Malaysia
    Sinniah B, Hassan A KR, Sabaridah I, Soe MM, Ibrahim Z, Ali O
    Trop Biomed, 2014 Jun;31(2):190-206.
    PMID: 25134888 MyJurnal
    Intestinal parasitic infections are among the most common diseases affecting mankind causing major public health problems to billions of people living in developing countries. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites in various communities residing in different habitats in Malaysia and compare the findings with 101 studies conducted over the past 42 years (1970-2013). A cross-sectional study design was conducted with the aid of a questionnaire to collect relevant information about the study population. Faecal samples were examined using the direct smear and formal ether sedimentation techniques. A total of 342 children were examined amongst whom 24.6% were positive for intestinal parasitic infections. Results showed that 32.3% of rural children, 20.6% of urban squatters and 5.4% of children from flats were positive for one or more parasites. The most common parasite encountered was Trichuris trichiura (20.2%) followed by Ascaris lumbricoides (10.5%) and hookworm (6.7%). No case of hookworm was reported in urban children whereas 12.2% of rural children were positive. The most common protozoan parasite detected was Entamoeba coli (3.2%) followed by Giardia intestinalis (1.8%), Entamoeba histolytica (1.8%) and Blastocystis hominis (1.2%). Nearly one-fifth (18.4%) of the children had single infection followed by double (12.0%) and triple infections (1.2%). Orang Asli (indigenous) children (44.3%) had the highest infection rate followed by Indians (20.2%), Malays (14.0%) and Chinese (11.9%). Twenty-eight studies carried out on plantation communities with regards to intestinal parasitic infections in Malaysia from 1970 to 2013 showed a steady decline in the prevalence rate ranging from 95.0% in the seventies to 37.0 % in 2012. Intestinal parasitic infections were more common in Orang Asli communities with prevalence ranging from over 90% in the seventies and fluctuating below 70% in most studies between 2000 to 2013 except for two studies that showed a prevalence of 98.2% and 100%. The prevalence rate among urban squatters, urban residents and those living in flats showed dramatic decrease in prevalence rate.
    Matched MeSH terms: Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/epidemiology*; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/parasitology
  16. Fulltext Intestinal parasitic infections and micronutrient deficiency: a review
    Hesham MS, Edariah AB, Norhayati M
    Med J Malaysia, 2004 Jun;59(2):284-93.
    PMID: 15559182
    Malnutrition including vitamin A and iron deficiency and parasitic diseases have a strikingly similar geographical distribution with the same people experiencing both insults together for much of their lives. Parasitic infections are thought to contribute to child malnutrition and micronutrient deficiency through subtle reduction in digestion and absorption, chronic inflammation and loss of nutrients. Parasites may affect the intake of food; it's subsequent digestion and absorption, metabolism and the maintenance of nutrient pools. The most important parasites related to nutritional status are intestinal parasites especially soil transmitted helminthes, Giardia duodenalis, Entamoeba histolytica, followed by other parasites such as the coccidia, Schistosoma sp. and malarial parasites.
    Matched MeSH terms: Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/complications*; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/parasitology
  17. Fulltext Epidemiology of intestinal polyparasitism among Orang Asli school children in rural Malaysia
    Al-Delaimy AK, Al-Mekhlafi HM, Nasr NA, Sady H, Atroosh WM, Nashiry M, et al.
    PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2014 Aug;8(8):e3074.
    PMID: 25144662 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003074
    This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the current prevalence and risk factors associated with intestinal polyparasitism (the concurrent infection with multiple intestinal parasite species) among Orang Asli school children in the Lipis district of Pahang state, Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/etiology; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/epidemiology*
  18. Distribution of intestinal parasitic infections amongst aborigine children at Post Sungai Rual, Kelantan, Malaysia
    Hartini Y, Geishamimi G, Mariam AZ, Mohamed-Kamel AG, Hidayatul FO, Ismarul YI
    Trop Biomed, 2013 Dec;30(4):596-601.
    PMID: 24522128 MyJurnal
    Intestinal parasitic infections are important public health problems among underprivileged communities. This study was carried out to evaluate the infection rate of intestinal parasites among aborigine children at Pos Sungai Rual, Kelantan, Malaysia. A total of 111 faecal samples from aborigine children aged 4-12 years were screened for intestinal parasites by direct smear technique. Harada-Mori culture was also performed to identify hookworm and Strongyloides stercoralis larvae. The results showed that 87.4% of the children examined were positive for one or more parasites. Intestinal parasites were significantly lower in boys (78.7%) as compared to girls (93.8%). The infection occurred in very young children aged 4-6 years (80.0%) and the percentage of parasite-positive cases appeared to be significantly higher (92.9%) among the children aged 7-9 years. Trichuris trichiura was the most common parasite found in aborigine children (65.8%). Low socioeconomic status, poor environmental sanitation and poor personal hygiene are possible contributing factors that increase the rate of intestinal parasitic infections among the children. Thus, the parasitic diseases will continue to threaten the people's health especially among communities from rural areas if no appropriate actions are taken to diminish the transmission of the parasites.
    Matched MeSH terms: Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/epidemiology*; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/parasitology*
  19. Fulltext Intestinal parasitic infections amongst Orang Asli (indigenous) in Malaysia: has socioeconomic development alleviated the problem?
    Lim YA, Romano N, Colin N, Chow SC, Smith HV
    Trop Biomed, 2009 Aug;26(2):110-22.
    PMID: 19901897 MyJurnal
    Orang Asli are the indigenous minority peoples of peninsular Malaysia. Despite proactive socioeconomic development initiated by the Malaysian Government in upgrading the quality of life of the Orang Asli communities since 1978, they still remained poor with a current poverty rate of 76.9%. Poverty exacerbates the health problems faced by these communities which include malnourishment, high incidences of infectious diseases (eg. tuberculosis, leprosy, malaria) and the perpetual problem with intestinal parasitic infections. Studies reported that the mean infection rate of intestinal parasitic infections in Orang Asli communities has reduced from 91.1% in 1978, to 64.1% in the subsequent years. Although the results was encouraging, it has to be interpreted with caution because nearly 80% of studies carried out after 1978 still reported high prevalence (i.e. >50%) of soil-transmitted helminthiases (STH) among Orang Asli communities. Prior to 1978, hookworm infection is the most predominant STH but today, trichuriasis is the most common STH infections. The risk factors for intestinal parasitic infections remained unchanged and studies conducted in recent years suggested that severe STH infections contributed to malnutrition, iron deficiency anaemia and low serum retinol in Orang Asli communities. In addition, STH may also contribute to poor cognitive functions and learning ability. Improvements in socioeconomic status in Malaysia have shown positive impact on the reduction of intestinal parasitic infections in other communities however, this positive impact is less significant in the Orang Asli communities. In view of this, a national parasitic infections baseline data on morbidity and mortality in the 18 subgroups of Orang Asli, will assist in identifying intervention programmes required by these communities. It is hope that the adoption of strategies highlighted in the World Health Organisation- Healthy Village Initiatives (WHO-HVI) into Orang Asli communities will ensure the whole mechanism of delivery and empowerment by the government agencies become more efficient and productive in alleviating intestinal parasitic infections in these communities.
    Matched MeSH terms: Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/complications; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/ethnology*; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/epidemiology; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/parasitology
  20. Exacerbated symptoms in Blastocystis sp.-infected patients treated with metronidazole: two case studies
    Rajamanikam A, Kumar S, Samudi C, Kudva M
    Parasitol Res, 2018 Aug;117(8):2585-2590.
    PMID: 29872961 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-5948-x
    Blastocystis sp. is a gastrointestinal (GI) protozoan parasite reported to cause non-specific GI symptoms including diarrhea, flatulence, abdominal pain, and nausea. Complete eradication of Blastocystis sp. is rather challenging even with the drug of choice, i.e., metronidazole. Here, we report on two Blastocystis sp.-infected individuals, who presented increased parasite load and exacerbated symptoms upon treatment with the usual recommended dosage and regime of metronidazole. The two studies uniquely demonstrate for the first time a cyst count as high as fivefold more than the original cyst count before treatment and show an exacerbation of GI symptoms despite treatment. The study provides additional support in recognizing metronidazole resistance in Blastocystis sp. and its consequences towards the pathogenicity of the parasite.
    Matched MeSH terms: Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/drug therapy; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/physiopathology*
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