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Spontaneous extravasation of contrast medium associated with acute renal colic

Singh J, Young WB

Med J Malaysia, 1974 Jun;28(4):244-7.
PMID: 4279004
Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Calculi/etiology
Renal diseases in pregnancy: a clinical review and appraisal

Sinnathuray TA

Med J Malaya, 1971 Jun;25(4):253-6.
PMID: 4261295
Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Calculi/complications
Clinical significance of SLC2A9/GLUT9 rs11722228 polymorphisms in gout

Das Gupta E, Sakthiswary R, Lee SL, Wong SF, Hussein H, Gun SC

Int J Rheum Dis, 2018 Mar;21(3):705-709.
PMID: 27456670 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185X.12918

AIM: The main objective of this study is to elucidate the clinical significance of the SLC2A9/GLUT9 rs11722228 polymorphism among male gout patients.
METHOD: We consecutively recruited all newly diagnosed male gout patients who were treatment-naive from the rheumatology outpatient clinics of two Malaysian hospitals. Age-matched healthy male adults were employed as controls. All subjects were tested for the SLC2A9/GLUT9 rs11722228 genotypes, serum uric acid (SUA), urine uric acid and creatinine levels. All gout subjects were examined for the presence of tophi and sonographically screened for renal calculi.
RESULTS: A total of 73 male gout patients and 73 age-matched healthy male adults were recruited in this study. The genotypic frequencies of SLC2A9/GLUT9 rs1172228 did not differ significantly between the gout cases and the healthy controls. The gout subjects with the CC genotype had significantly higher SUA levels (P = 0.002), family history of gout (P < 0.050) and the occurrence of renal calculi (P = 0.026). The SUA-adjusted odds ratios (OR) of the occurrence of renal calculi in the CC genotype (OR = 1 [reference]) was significantly higher than the CT genotype (OR = 0.338, 95%CI: 0.141-0.813) and the TT genotype (OR = 0.271, 95%CI: 0.086-0.854).
CONCLUSIONS: The genotypic distribution of SLC2A9/GLUT9 rs1172228 in male gout patients did not differ significantly from that of healthy male controls. However, the CC genotype in gout had significant associations with higher levels of SUA, renal calculi and a positive family history of gout.
Study site: Rheumatology clinic, Tuanku Jaafar Hospital, Malaysia and Putrajaya Hospital, Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Calculi/blood; Kidney Calculi/genetics*; Kidney Calculi/urine
Fulltext Parathyroid Carcinoma: Analysis of Patient Characteristics and Outcomes in a Retrospective Review of Eight Cases seen in a Single Center

Shahar S, Lim KP, Mohamad M

J ASEAN Fed Endocr Soc, 2019;34(2):229-232.
PMID: 33442162 DOI: 10.15605/jafes.034.02.17

Eight cases of parathyroid carcinoma were identified (8 females; median age 45 years, range 28-72). Half of whom were diagnosed preoperatively. Hypercalcemic symptoms were seen in 87.5% of the patients and the main complication was nephrolithiasis. At presentation, the median calcium was 3.675 mmol/L, median phosphate of 0.68 mmol/L, median intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) was 211 pmol/L. Five patients had regional nodes metastasis and 1 had distant metastasis to the lungs. Parathyroid gland invasion to adjacent structures was seen in 62.5% of cases while another 62.5% showed capsular or vascular infiltration on histology with median tumour size of 3.2 cm. Recurrent hypercalcemia occurred in 50% of the patients with median time of recurrence of 21 months. In this case series, we found that patients with severe hypercalcemia and high iPTH also exhibited a high index suspicion of PC.

Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Calculi
A case report of primary hyperparathyroidism with severe bony involvement and nephrolithiasis

Chan SP, Hew FL, Jayaram G, Kumar G, Chang KW, Tay A

Ann Acad Med Singap, 2001 Jan;30(1):66-70.
PMID: 11242630

INTRODUCTION: Although the majority of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism have a relatively asymptomatic benign disorder, there are patients who have a more aggressive disorder.
CLINICAL PICTURE: We report a case of primary hyperparathyroidism presenting during pregnancy complicated by antepartum haemorrhage and severe prematurity. The diagnosis was made postpartum, when her problems rapidly progressed to result in severe neuromuscular weakness, bilateral pathological hip fractures as well as nephrolithiasis.
TREATMENT: Surgical parathyroidectomy was performed. The underlying lesion was a large solitary parathyroid adenoma with cystic elements.
CONCLUSION: Primary hyperparathyroidism is not an innocuous disease and can result in severe morbidity if left untreated.

Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Calculi/etiology*
Fulltext Reliability and validity of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) among urological patients: a Malaysian study

Quek KF, Low WY, Razack AH, Loh CS

Psychiatry Clin Neurosci, 2001 Oct;55(5):509-13.
PMID: 11555347 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1819.2001.00897.x

This present study was undertaken to validate the English version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) in urological patients. Validity and reliability were studied in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and patients without LUTS. Reliability was evaluated using the test-retest method and internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha. Sensitivity to change was expressed as the effect size in the pre-intervention versus post-intervention score in additional patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) who underwent transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Internal consistency was excellent. A high degree of internal consistency was observed for each of the 12 items with Cronbach's alpha value of 0.37-0.79, while total scores was 0.79 in the population study. Test-retest correlation coefficient for the 12 items score were highly significant. Intraclass correlation coefficient was high (0.35-0.79). It showed a high degree of sensitivity and specificity to the effects of treatment. A high degree of significant level between baseline and post-treatment scores were observed across all 12 items in the treatment cohort but not in the control group. The GHQ-12 is suitable, reliable, valid and sensitive to clinical change in urological disorders.

Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Calculi/psychology
Fulltext Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the renal pelvis associated with lithiasis and chronic gout

Kaur G, Naik VR, Rahman MNG

Singapore Med J, 2004 Mar;45(3):125-6.
PMID: 15029415

Diffusely-infiltrating mucinous adenocarcinoma of the renal pelvis associated with lithiasis and chronic gout is reported in a 61-year-old Malay man. The patient underwent left nephrectomy and vesiculo-lithotomy. This tumour is postulated to arise in response to chronic irritation of the urothelium.

Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Calculi/etiology*
Factors associated with ultrasound diagnosed neurogenic bladder complications following spinal cord injury

Zamli AH, Mustafah NM, Sa'at N, Shaharom S

Med J Malaysia, 2020 11;75(6):642-648.
PMID: 33219171

INTRODUCTION: Neurogenic bladder (NB) is a recognized secondary medical impairment following spinal cord injury (SCI). Ultrasound (US) of the kidneys, ureters and bladder (KUB) has been recommended as a useful, non-invasive surveillance method with good diagnostic sensitivity. This study aims to understand US diagnosed NB complications and identify its associated factors.
METHODS: We enrolled all patients referred for SCI rehabilitation from 2012 to 2015 that fulfilled our study criteria. Data that were retrospectively reviewed included demographic and clinical characteristic data; and US KUB surveillance studies.
RESULTS: Out of 136 electronic medical records reviewed, 110 fulfilled the study criteria. The prevalence of NB in our study population was 80.9%. We found 22(20%) of the patients showed evidence of US diagnosed NB complications with the mean detection of 9.61±7.91 months following initial SCI. The reported NB complications were specific morphological changes in the bladder wall 8(36.4%); followed by unilateral/bilateral hydronephrosis 7(31.8%); bladder and/or renal calculi 5(22.7%); and mixed complication 2(9.1%) respectively. Half of the patients with NB complications had urodynamic diagnosis of neurogenic detrusor overactivity with/without evidence of detrusor sphincter dyssynergia. We found co-existing neurogenic bowel, presence of spasticity and mode of bladder management were significantly associated factors with US diagnosed NB complications (p<0.05), while spasticity was its predictor with adjusted Odds Ratio value of 3.93 (1.14, 13.56).
CONCLUSION: NB is a common secondary medical impairment in our SCI population. A proportion of them had US diagnosed NB complications. Co-existing neurogenic bowel, presence of spasticity and mode of bladder management were its associated factors; while spasticity was its predictor.

Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Calculi
Fulltext Satisfaction and perceptions of patients toward kidney stones disease management: a review of literature

Nouri, Ahmed Ibrahim, Hassal, Mohamed Azmi, Allayla, Tuqa Haitham

Malaysian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, 2018;16(1):55-60.
MyJurnal

Urolithiasis considered as a disease condition that is neglected in terms of research because of its perceived low prevalence and possibly the seemingly good prognosis associated with it. However, in recent years, the prevalence of urolithiasis is increasing in both developed and developing countries and the disease is associated with significant burden and healthcare cost from patients’ caregivers, and society’s perspective. All healthcare providers (including pharmacists) have an important role to play in the management of this disease and it deserves more attention in terms of clinical practice and research. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of patient satisfaction, from the aspect of defining satisfaction of patients, perceptions toward disease management, and a review of literature of satisfaction of patients with kidney stones and its magnitude in healthcare provided. The medical literature has many articles about urolithiasis management options. However, there have been no sufficient published studies discussing patient-reported outcomes of kidney stone management to evaluate their satisfaction, preferences, treatment expectations, and quality of life. Future studies are needed to spot the light on kidney stones patients’ preferences and reported outcomes.

Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Calculi
Fulltext Bilateral Hydroureteronephrosis with a Hypertrophied, Trabeculated Urinary Bladder

Iqbal S, Raiz I, Faiz I

Malays J Med Sci, 2017 Mar;24(2):106-115.
PMID: 28894411 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2017.24.2.14

Bilateral hydroureteronephrosis involves the dilatation of the renal pelvis, calyces and ureter; it develops secondary to urinary tract obstruction and leads to a build-up of back pressure in the urinary tract, and it may lead to impairment of renal function and ultimately culminate in renal failure. Although clinically silent in most cases, it can be diagnosed as an incidental finding during evaluation of an unrelated cause. In a minority of patients, it presents with signs and symptoms. Renal calculus is the most common cause, but there are multiple non-calculus aetiologies, and they depend on age and sex. Pelviureteric junction obstruction, benign prostatic hypertrophy, urethral stricture, neurogenic bladder, retroperitoneal mass and bladder outlet obstruction are some of the frequent causes of hydroureteronephrosis in adults. The incidence of non-calculus hydronephrosis is more common in males than in females. Ultrasonography is the most important baseline investigation in the evaluation of patients with hydronephrosis. Here, we report a rarely seen case of bilateral hydroureteronephrosis associated with a hypertrophied, trabeculated bladder in an adult male cadaver, suspected to be due to a primary bladder neck obstruction, and analyse its various other causes, clinical presentations and outcomes.

Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Calculi