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Viva-Asia Blood and Marrow Transplantation Groups - A Survey of Consortium Activity over a 12-year Period (2000 to 2011)

Tan AM, Ha C, Li CF, Chan GC, Lee V, Tan PL, et al.

Ann Acad Med Singap, 2016 Mar;45(3):106-9.
PMID: 27146463
Matched MeSH terms: Philippines
"Serious" mental retardation in developing countries: an epidemiologic approach

Stein Z, Durkin M, Belmont L

Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1986;477:8-21.
PMID: 3468840

In this paper we first present methods and preliminary results of pilot surveys of "serious" mental retardation (IQ less than or equal to 55); the surveys included screening and diagnostic components and were carried out in the less-developed world. Next we discuss two problems raised by these surveys: one is the diagnosis of a case and its clinical dimensions, and the other is the interpretation of prevalence. In the next section we illustrate epidemiological approaches to the analysis of such data, in particular their relevance to prevention. Lastly, we propose that the two-stage survey approach developed in the course of the pilot work can provide a valuable basis for planning and prevention, if certain key conditions can be met.

Matched MeSH terms: Philippines
Genetic Diversity of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in Asia

Adhikari TB, Cruz C, Zhang Q, Nelson RJ, Skinner DZ, Mew TW, et al.

Appl Environ Microbiol, 1995 Mar;61(3):966-71.
PMID: 16534980

Restriction fragment length polymorphism and virulence analyses were used to evaluate the population structure of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, the rice bacterial blight pathogen, from several rice-growing countries in Asia. Two DNA sequences from X. oryzae pv. oryzae, IS1112, an insertion sequence, and avrXa10, a member of a family of avirulence genes, were used as probes to analyze the genomes of 308 strains of X. oryzae pv. oryzae collected from China, India, Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, Nepal, and the Philippines. On the basis of the consensus of three clustering statistics, the collection formed five clusters. Genetic distances within the five clusters ranged from 0.16 to 0.51, and distances between clusters ranged from 0.48 to 0.64. Three of the five clusters consisted of strains from a single country. Strains within two clusters, however, were found in more than one country, suggesting patterns of movement of the pathogen. The pathotype of X. oryzae pv. oryzae was determined for 226 strains by inoculating five rice differential cultivars. More than one pathotype was associated with each cluster; however, some pathotypes were associated with only one cluster. Most strains from South Asia (Nepal and India) were virulent to cultivars containing the bacterial blight resistance gene xa-5, while most strains from other countries were avirulent to xa-5. The regional differentiation of clusters of X. oryzae pv. oryzae in Asia and the association of some pathotypes of X. oryzae pv. oryzae with single clusters suggested that strategies that target regional resistance breeding and gene deployment are feasible.

Matched MeSH terms: Philippines
Scabies in Malaysia

Pettit JH

Arch Dermatol, 1976 Sep;112(9):1324.
PMID: 999315
Matched MeSH terms: Philippines
On the epidemicity of Amok violence

Westermeyer J

Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 1973 Jun;28(6):873-6.
PMID: 4707993
Matched MeSH terms: Philippines
Variation in coat protein genes among five geographically different isolates of rice tungro spherical virus

Zhang S, Lee G, Davies JW, Hull R

Arch Virol, 1997;142(9):1873-9.
PMID: 9672645

The variation in the sequence of the coat protein genes of four isolates of rice tungro spherical virus from different countries, Malaysia, Thailand, India and Bangladesh, was compared with an isolate from the Philippines. The evidence from RT-PCR, Southern blot hybridization and sequences of the coat protein genes indicated that the isolates appeared to fall into two groups. One comprised the Philippine and Malaysian isolates (about 95% sequence similarity) and the other the Bangladeshi and Indian isolates, the sequences of which differed by about 15% from that of the Philippine isolate. The Thai isolate seemed to be a mixture of these two subgroups.

Matched MeSH terms: Philippines
Grassroots women have their say. Programme

Arrows Change, 1997 Aug;3(2):4-5.
PMID: 12348425
Matched MeSH terms: Philippines
Ahead with Cairo. Monitoring country activities

Danguilan M, Wainer J, Widyantoro N, Capoor I, Huq N, Ashino Y, et al.

Arrows Change, 1995 Apr;1(1):6-7.
PMID: 12346439
Matched MeSH terms: Philippines
Comparison of uric acid levels in some Oriental and Caucasian groups unselected as to gout or hyperuricemia

Duff IF, Mikkelsen WM, Dodge HJ, Himes DS

Arthritis Rheum., 1968 Apr;11(2):184-90.
PMID: 5645731 DOI: 10.1002/art.1780110209
Matched MeSH terms: Philippines
Fulltext Association of the lupus low disease activity state (LLDAS) with health-related quality of life in a multinational prospective study

Golder V, Kandane-Rathnayake R, Hoi AY, Huq M, Louthrenoo W, An Y, et al.

Arthritis Res Ther, 2017 03 20;19(1):62.
PMID: 28320433 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-017-1256-6

BACKGROUND: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is associated with significant impairment of health-related quality of life (HR-QoL). Recently, meeting a definition of a lupus low disease activity state (LLDAS), analogous to low disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis, was preliminarily validated as associated with protection from damage accrual. The LLDAS definition has not been previously evaluated for association with patient-reported outcomes. The objective of this study was to determine whether LLDAS is associated with better HR-QoL, and examine predictors of HR-QoL, in a large multiethnic, multinational cohort of patients with SLE.
METHODS: HR-QoL was measured using the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item short form health survey (SF-36v2) in a prospective study of 1422 patients. Disease status was measured using the SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI-2 K), physician global assessment (PGA) and LLDAS.
RESULTS: Significant differences in SF-36 domain scores were found between patients stratified by ethnic group, education level and damage score, and with the presence of active musculoskeletal or cutaneous manifestations. In multiple linear regression analysis, Asian ethnicity (p

Matched MeSH terms: Philippines
Fulltext Perception of hypertension management by patients and doctors in Asia: potential to improve blood pressure control

Abdul Rahman AR, Wang JG, Kwong GM, Morales DD, Sritara P, Sukmawan R, et al.

Asia Pac Fam Med, 2015;14(1):2.
PMID: 25729324 DOI: 10.1186/s12930-015-0018-3

BACKGROUND: Hypertension is one of the world's most common health conditions and is a leading risk factor for mortality. Although blood pressure can be modified, there is a large proportion of patients whose blood pressure remains uncontrolled. The aim of this study, termed Edvantage 360°, was to gain a deeper understanding of hypertension management in Asia from the perspective of patients and doctors, and to propose strategies to improve blood pressure control.
METHODS: Conducted in Hong Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, South Korea, Taiwan, and Thailand, Edvantage 360° was a mixed-methods observational study that used both qualitative and quantitative elements: qualitative interviews and focus groups with patients (N = 110), quantitative interviews with patients (N = 709), and qualitative interviews with doctors (N = 85).
RESULTS: This study found that, although there is good understanding of the causes and consequences of hypertension among Asian patients, there is a lack of urgency to control blood pressure. Doctors and patients have different expectations of each other and a divergent view on what constitutes successful hypertension management. We also identified a fundamental gap between the beliefs of doctors and patients as to who should be most responsible for the patients' hypertension management. In addition, because patients find it difficult to comply with lifestyle modifications (often because of a decreased understanding of the changes required), adherence to medication regimens may be less of a limiting factor than doctors believe.
CONCLUSIONS: Doctors may provide better care by aligning with their patients on a common understanding of successful hypertension management. Doctors may also find it helpful to provide a more personalized explanation of any needed lifestyle modifications. The willingness of the doctor to adjust their patient interaction style to form a 'doctor-patient team' is important. In addition, we recommend that doctors should not attribute ineffectiveness of the treatment plan to patient non-adherence to medications, but rather adjust the medication regimen as needed.
KEYWORDS: Attitude to health; Hong Kong; Hypertension; Indonesia; Malaysia; Philippines; Qualitative research; South Korea; Taiwan; Thailand

Matched MeSH terms: Philippines
Report of a seminar and workshop on Food-based Dietary Guidelines and Nutrition Education: Bridging Science and Communication

Florentino R, Tee ES, Poh BK

Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 1999 Dec;8(4):291-9.
PMID: 24394232

The 3-day seminar-workshop on 'Food-based Dietary Guidelines and Nutrition Education' was held from 22-24 July 1998 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia to present the latest scientific information on nutrition and health and to discuss its impact on the rationale and process for the development of food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG). The first two sessions were devoted to a review of the current information on the relation between lifestyle factors and chronic diseases, particularly obesity; the present health status and food consumption patterns in Malaysia; the current consensus on carbohydrates and fats and oils and the importance of considering the glycemic index of foods; and the importance of micronutrients in health and disease. The third and fourth sessions dealt with the rationale of FBDG and the process of their development, drawing from the 1990 FAO/WHO Consultation on Development of FBDG and the experience in the Philippines and in Europe. The importance of effective dissemination of nutrition messages to the public was thoroughhly discussed. The workshop sessions arrived at recommendations on important issues in the development of FBDG in the region, including main research and information needs, the steps in the development of FBDG, and strategies for their dissemination.

Matched MeSH terms: Philippines
Fulltext Harmonisation of food labelling regulations in Southeast Asia: benefits, challenges and implications

Kasapila W, Shaarani SM

Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2011;20(1):1-8.
PMID: 21393103

In the globalised world of the 21st century, issues of food and nutrition labelling are of pre-eminent importance. Several international bodies, including the World Health Organisation and World Trade Organisation, are encouraging countries to harmonise their food and nutrition regulations with international standards, guidelines and recommendations such as those for Codex Alimentarius. Through harmonisation, these organisations envisage fewer barriers to trade and freer movement of food products between countries, which would open doors to new markets and opportunities for the food industry. In turn, increased food trade would enhance economic development and allow consumers a greater choice of products. Inevitably, however, embracing harmonisation brings along cost implications and challenges that have to be overcome. Moreover, the harmonisation process is complex and sporadic in light of the tasks that countries have to undertake; for example, updating legislation, strengthening administrative capabilities and establishing analytical laboratories. This review discusses the legislation and regulations that govern food and nutrition labelling in Southeast Asia, and highlights the discrepancies that exist in this regard, their origin and consequences. It also gives an account of the current status of harmonising labelling of pre-packaged foodstuffs in the region and explains the subsequent benefits, challenges and implications for governments, the food industry and consumers.

Matched MeSH terms: Philippines
Fulltext Rationale and protocol paper for the Asia Pacific Network for inherited eye diseases

Wong WM, Tham YC, Simunovic MP, Chen FK, Luu CD, Chen H, et al.

Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila), 2024;13(1):100030.
PMID: 38233300 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjo.2023.100030

PURPOSE: There are major gaps in our knowledge of hereditary ocular conditions in the Asia-Pacific population, which comprises approximately 60% of the world's population. Therefore, a concerted regional effort is urgently needed to close this critical knowledge gap and apply precision medicine technology to improve the quality of lives of these patients in the Asia-Pacific region.
DESIGN: Multi-national, multi-center collaborative network.
METHODS: The Research Standing Committee of the Asia-Pacific Academy of Ophthalmology and the Asia-Pacific Society of Eye Genetics fostered this research collaboration, which brings together renowned institutions and experts for inherited eye diseases in the Asia-Pacific region. The immediate priority of the network will be inherited retinal diseases (IRDs), where there is a lack of detailed characterization of these conditions and in the number of established registries.
RESULTS: The network comprises 55 members from 35 centers, spanning 12 countries and regions, including Australia, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, Nepal, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, and Thailand. The steering committee comprises ophthalmologists with experience in consortia for eye diseases in the Asia-Pacific region, leading ophthalmologists and vision scientists in the field of IRDs internationally, and ophthalmic geneticists.
CONCLUSIONS: The Asia Pacific Inherited Eye Disease (APIED) network aims to (1) improve genotyping capabilities and expertise to increase early and accurate genetic diagnosis of IRDs, (2) harmonise deep phenotyping practices and utilization of ontological terms, and (3) establish high-quality, multi-user, federated disease registries that will facilitate patient care, genetic counseling, and research of IRDs regionally and internationally.

Matched MeSH terms: Philippines
Fulltext Population policy

Asia Pac Popul J, 1987 Mar;2(1):57-64.
PMID: 12341036
Matched MeSH terms: Philippines
"Population and poverty: major barriers to food accessibility" -- a panel discussion on civil society and people's participation

Asian Forum Newsl, 1996 May-Sep.
PMID: 12292317
Matched MeSH terms: Philippines
Fulltext Tobacco Industry Fingerprints on Delaying Implementation of Pictorial Health Warnings in the Western Pacific

Tan YL, Mackay J, Kolandai MA, Dorotheo EU

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2020 Jul 01;21(S1):23-25.
PMID: 32649167 DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2020.21.S1.23

OBJECTIVE: This case series describes tobacco industry tactics and strategies used to interfere, derail, delay, and weaken the development of effective health warning regulations in Malaysia, Cambodia, the Philippines, and Hong Kong.
METHODS: A historical review of official reports, news articles, and gray literature was undertaken to identify tobacco industry tactics and strategies to hamper government efforts in implementing stronger pictorial health warning regulations in four Asian jurisdictions (Cambodia, Hong Kong, Malaysia, and the Philippines).
RESULTS: Nineteen countries/jurisdictions in the WHO Western Pacific region currently require pictorial health warnings on cigarette packs, including some of the world's largest, in line with the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control Article 11 Guidelines. In the four jurisdictions examined, tobacco industry interference consisted of lobbying and misinformation of high-level government officers and policy-makers, distributing industry-friendly legislative drafts, taking government to court, challenging government timelines for law implementation, and mobilizing third parties. Strong political leadership and strategic advocacy enabled governments to successfully overcome this industry interference.
CONCLUSION: The tobacco industry uses similar tactics in different jurisdictions to derail, delay, and weaken the implementation of effective health warning policies. Identifying and learning from international experiences can help anticipate and defeat such challenges.

Matched MeSH terms: Philippines/epidemiology
Japanese direct investment and its impact on migration in the ASEAN 4

Ito S, Iguchi Y

Asian Pac Migr J, 1994;3(2-3):265-94.
PMID: 12289775

"The purpose of this article is to show the relationship among Japanese direct investment...,domestic labor markets, and international labor migration in ASEAN-4 countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, and Thailand). The effects of foreign direct investment on skilled labor migration are also considered."

Matched MeSH terms: Philippines
Insights from an infodemiological study of mental health in Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand from 2004 to 2021

Alibudbud R

Asian J Psychiatr, 2022 Dec;78:103311.
PMID: 36335844 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103311

This infodemiological study utilized Relative Search Volumes (RSV) from Google Trends. It determined changes in public interest in mental health after the implementation of the mental health laws of Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand using search volumes from 2004 to 2021. It found that public interest in mental health increased in Malaysia, the Philippines, and Singapore after implementing their mental health laws. On the contrary, public interest in mental health continued to decrease in Thailand despite its mental health law implementation. This can be explained by the unequal prioritization of mental health among these countries.

Matched MeSH terms: Philippines/epidemiology
Muslim refugees in Southeast Asia, the Malaysian response

Dorall RF

Asian Migr, 1988 May-Jun;1(3):88-93.
PMID: 12281348

This article surveys the arrivals of Muslim refugees from countries in Southeast Asia who have not only come to Malaysia for political refuge, but who have also stayed on, in many instances integrating into the local Muslim community. The author concludes that Burmese, Thai, and Filipino Muslim refugee-cum-migrants, and the estimated 500,000 illegal Indonesian migrant workers in East and Peninsular Malaysia make the presence of economic migrants in Malaysia's towns and rural sectors a far more pressing concern to Malaysians than that posed by the arrival of genuine political refugees. Only the Indonesians present in Malaysia are consistently termed by all parties as illegal migrants and some of them have been subjected to well-publicized deportation by the Malaysian immigration authorities. Sympathy for fellow-Muslims in distress explains Malaysia's open-door policy to Muslim refugees. The Koran specifically enjoins Muslims to assist Muslim refugees who have been persecuted by others. However, the necessity to maintain regional political and military alliances, principally as a bulwark against Communism, and the Malay--Non-Malay, Muslim--Non-Muslim dichotomy in Malaysia which almost evenly divides Malaysia's 16 million population into mutually antagonistic halves, results in any overt public policy in favor of Malays and Muslims to be immediately denounced by the other half of the population as a move against the Non-Malays and Non-Muslims. Without political and media attention, the refugees live wherever they can find work, as do hundreds of thousands of mainly Indonesian illegal migrant workers. They surreptitiously get their children admitted to public schools, and through bribery, can even get Malaysian identification papers. Malaysia is a relatively tranquil haven for Malaysia's Muslim refugees compared to their homelands, but their continued stay remains dependent on the ever-present struggle for more equitable sharing of political and economic power between the different ethnic groups in Malaysia. At present, it is deemed inopportune to discuss publicly the issue of Muslim refugees in Malaysia. To do so would be to invite strong emotional responses from Malaysian Muslim groups objecting to refugee repatriation to what they see as continued persecution in Southeast Asia's non-Muslim countries, and from non-Muslim Malaysians who see in their continued presence a possible long-term demographic threat. Furthermore, the presence of Muslim evacuees granted refugee status brings painful memories as to why non-Muslim refugees principally from Indochina were denied such a similar privilege.

Matched MeSH terms: Philippines

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