Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 62 in total

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  1. Fulltext Serological evidence of schistosomiasis in the Malaysian police field force
    Hanjeet K, Lai PF, Anuar HM
    Med J Malaysia, 1996 Mar;51(1):129-30.
    PMID: 10967991
    A total of 1131 Police Field Force personnel were screened serologically for schistosomiasis in Malaysia. A total of 150 (13.3%) were tested positive or borderline. Stool samples from 75 of these cases were however all negative for schistosome eggs. This survey suggests that Police Field Force personnel may be agents for propagating the schistosome life cycle in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Schistosomiasis/diagnosis*
  2. Susceptibility of snail vectors to Oriental anthropophilic Schistosoma
    Yuan HC, Upatham ES, Kruatrachue M, Khunborivan V
    Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1984 Mar;15(1):86-94.
    PMID: 6740384
    Laboratory experiments were carried out to study the susceptibility of snail vectors to Oriental anthropophilic Schistosoma. Oncomelania hupensis hupensis was readily infected with the local strain of Schistosoma japonicum (Chinese strain), and also infected with S. japonicum (Philippines strain). O.h. quadrasi was only susceptible to its S. japonicum (Philippines strain). The Oncomelania races were refractory to S. mekongi, S. japonicum-like species (Malaysian strain). Tricula aperta (beta race) was readily infected with S. mekongi, S. sinensium and S. japonicum-like species from Malaysia, but not S. japonicum. T. bollingi was susceptible to S. sinensium and S. mekongi. Robertsiella kaporensis was only susceptible to the local strain, S. japonicum-like species from Malaysia. Geographical isolation may be the cause of these differences in compatibility between the snail vectors and the schistosome parasites.
    Matched MeSH terms: Schistosomiasis/parasitology*
  3. Biology of Robertsiella kaporensis snails and Malaysian Schistosoma
    Upatham ES, Kruatrachue M, Viyanant V, Khunborivan V, Kunatham L
    Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1985 Mar;16(1):1-9.
    PMID: 4023798
    Studies on the bionomics and host-parasite relationship of Robertsiella kaporensis and Malaysian Schistosoma were investigated. The study was divided into 4 parts: cultivation of snails, R. kaporensis, and maintenance of Malaysian Schistosoma life cycle, daily cercarial shedding cycle in R. kaporensis, miracidial load and cercarial shedding pattern and the infectivity of Malaysian Schistosoma cercariae. R. kaporensis were cultured in the laboratory with the use of plastic container provided with fine sand. The snails were fed with diatoms and Saraca leaves. The development period for the snail eggs was about 20-30 days, the young grew to maturity in 14-15 weeks, and the average growth rate of snails was 0.23 mm per week. The daily cercarial shedding cycle of snails had shown that the peak emergence of cercariae of Malaysian Schistosoma occurred at night, between 6-10 pm. The miracidial load which yielded the best results in terms of percentage infection rates of snails and cercarial output was the miracidial concentration of 8 miracidia per snail. The study on infectivity of Malaysian Schistosoma cercariae has shown that there was a decrease in infectivity of the cercariae to mammalian hosts as the cercariae increased in age. The percentage infection rate of mice and numbers of worms recovered were highest in mice infected with cercariae of 0-1/2 hr. old. Infection of cercariae fell rapidly after the cercariae were 16 hr. old.
    Matched MeSH terms: Schistosomiasis/transmission
  4. Current status of schistosomiasis in Laos, Thailand and Malaysia
    Sornmani S
    Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1976 Jun;7(2):149-54.
    PMID: 1025717
    Matched MeSH terms: Schistosomiasis/epidemiology*
  5. Cercaria of Trichobilharzia brevis Basch, 1966 in Djakarta as a possible cause of schistosome dermatitis
    Margono SS
    Med J Malaya, 1968 Jun;23(4):306-12.
    PMID: 4235595
    Matched MeSH terms: Schistosomiasis/epidemiology*
  6. Letter: First case of schistosomiasis in Malaysia
    Murugasu R, Dissanaike AS
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1973;67(6):880.
    PMID: 4788765
    Matched MeSH terms: Schistosomiasis/epidemiology*
  7. A cross-sectional survey of the knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding schistosomiasis among rural schoolchildren in Taiz governorate, southwestern Yemen
    Alharazi TH, Al-Mekhlafi HM
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 2021 06 02;115(6):687-698.
    PMID: 33130880 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/traa115
    BACKGROUND: This cross-sectional survey aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) towards schistosomiasis among rural schoolchildren in Taiz governorate, southwestern Yemen.

    METHODS: A total of 406 children were screened for urogenital and intestinal schistosomiasis. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect the children's demographic and socio-economic information and their KAP towards schistosomiasis.

    RESULTS: Overall, 73 children (18%) were found to be infected by Schistosoma mansoni. None of the children were positive for Schistosoma haematobium. The prevalence of intestinal schistosomiasis was significantly higher among boys than girls (22.1% vs 12%; p=0.010). Approximately two-thirds (63.3% [257/406]) of the children had heard about schistosomiasis, however, only 38.5%, 53.6%, 28.4% and 38.1% had correct knowledge concerning the causes, symptoms, transmission and prevention, respectively. A significantly higher level of knowledge was observed among boys and Schistosoma-infected children compared with girls and non-infected children (p<0.05). However, a better level of knowledge does not seem to translate directly into the performance of hygienic practices. Multivariate logistic regression showed that sex and infection status were the significant predictors of good knowledge.

    CONCLUSIONS: Intestinal schistosomiasis is prevalent among schoolchildren in rural Yemen. The findings reveal that children's knowledge about schistosomiasis is inadequate. Therefore, besides mass drug administration, integrated control programmes should also include health education and the provision of improved drinking water and proper sanitation.

    Matched MeSH terms: Schistosomiasis*
  8. Serine protease inhibitor, serpin, is a biomarker following Schistosoma mansoni re-infection in mice
    Mohammed ES, El-Dakhly KM
    Trop Biomed, 2021 Jun 01;38(2):63-67.
    PMID: 33973574 DOI: 10.47665/tb.38.2.039
    Schistosomiasis is a chronic parasitic disease affecting mostly low income and resourcelimited countries. Despite the distribution of the curative medicine, praziquantel (PZQ), the frequency of re-infection is commonly reported, thus, making a difficulty to discriminate treatment failure after re-infection. Therefore, assessing Schistosoma mansoni re-infection after praziquantel administration is crucial to prove the treatment efficacy and to break the transmission of infection in endemic areas. The evolution of highly sensitive and specific diagnostic markers, reliable to detect the re-infection and to evaluate the treatment efficacy, is required to control schistosomiasis. In this study, the potential role of serpin recombinant antigen of S. mansoni as a biomarker of re-infection and chemotherapeutic efficacy has been assessed. Therefore, 20 mice were experimentally challenged and re-challenged with 50 S. mansoni cercariae and divided into 4 equal groups; the first included infected mice (control positive), the second group was twice infected with S. mansoni and left untreated, the third included mice twice infected then treated with praziquantel following the last challenge, and the forth one remained uninfected and untreated (control negative). The current findings demonstrated that high levels of IgG and IgG1 bound to serpin were detected following the re-infection and rapidly declined post treatment. In summary, S. mansoni recombinant serpin could be used as a promising marker to discriminate S. mansoni re-infection and evaluated the efficacy of treatment. The translation of such a potential tool in endemic areas will provide a significant support for the elimination and control programs against schistosomiasis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Schistosomiasis; Schistosomiasis mansoni
  9. Characterising granuloma regression and liver recovery in a murine model of schistosomiasis japonica
    Chuah C, Jones MK, McManus DP, Nawaratna SK, Burke ML, Owen HC, et al.
    Int J Parasitol, 2016 Apr;46(4):239-52.
    PMID: 26812024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2015.12.004
    For hepatic schistosomiasis the egg-induced granulomatous response and the development of extensive fibrosis are the main pathologies. We used a Schistosoma japonicum-infected mouse model to characterise the multi-cellular pathways associated with the recovery from hepatic fibrosis following clearance of the infection with the anti-schistosomal drug, praziquantel. In the recovering liver splenomegaly, granuloma density and liver fibrosis were all reduced. Inflammatory cell infiltration into the liver was evident, and the numbers of neutrophils, eosinophils and macrophages were significantly decreased. Transcriptomic analysis revealed the up-regulation of fatty acid metabolism genes and the identification of Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha as the upstream regulator of liver recovery. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor signalling pathway which regulates xenobiotic metabolism was also differentially up-regulated. These findings provide a better understanding of the mechanisms associated with the regression of hepatic schistosomiasis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Schistosomiasis; Schistosomiasis japonica
  10. Serological evidence of schistosomiasis among Orang Asli from three areas of Peninsular Malaysia
    Greer GJ, Anuar H
    Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1984 Sep;15(3):303-12.
    PMID: 6523170
    Using ELISA and COPT diagnostic tests, serological evidence of Malaysian schistosomiasis was discovered among Orang Asli populations from three areas in Peninsular Malaysia. Serum samples collected in 1975 indicated an ELISA-positive prevalence of 25% and a COPT prevalence of 11% from Pos Iskandar, Pahang and an ELISA prevalence of 13% and a COPT of 4% from Bukit Lanjan, Selangor. Resurveys at these site in 1982-1984 showed a continued presence of serological positive individuals but prevalence rates were markedly lower: 7% and 1% for ELISA and 4% and 2% for COPT at Pos Iskandar and Bukit Lanjan respectively. Snail hosts were not found at either site. The source of infection for persons living in these lowland areas remains unknown. In a third area, Kuala Tahan, Pahang, located in the foothills of the central mountain range, foci of transmission have been found near to Orang Asli settlements. The serological prevalence rate among Negrito Orang Asli in that study area was 9% for ELISA and 4% for COPT. Thirty-three of 36 COPT-positive sera produced vacuolated bleb precipates and in 31 these were the only reactions seen. The high percentage of positives producing only these precipates suggests that among Orang Asli schistosomiasis patients such reactions are not an indication of recently acquired infection as has been reported for schistosomiasis patients in the Philippines.
    Matched MeSH terms: Schistosomiasis/diagnosis; Schistosomiasis/epidemiology*; Schistosomiasis/parasitology
  11. Schistosomiasis transmission dynamics and control in Southeast Asia
    Upatham ES
    Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1984 Dec;15(4):452-61.
    PMID: 6535258
    Matched MeSH terms: Schistosomiasis/epidemiology; Schistosomiasis/prevention & control; Schistosomiasis/transmission*
  12. Induction of intestinal lesions in rabbits with Koyan and Baling strains of Schistosoma malayensis Sp N
    Shekhar KC, Pathmanathan R
    Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1992 Mar;23(1):92-7.
    PMID: 1523486
    Schistosoma malayensis Sp N is a putative new species of schistosome discovered in Peninsular Malaysia in 1973. This paper comprises the first report on the detailed gastrointestinal pathology present in rabbits infected with strains of the parasite. Two different strains of schistosome--the Baling and Koyan strains--from two different ecosystems were used to infect inbred rabbits and the resulting pathophysiology was studied. Our results showed that the Baling strain of S. malayensis was more virulent than the Koyan strain and produced nodular, segmental circumferential lesions and large bilharziomas measuring 1-7 cm in diameter in the distal jejunum, ileum and the ileo-caecal junction. The findings indicate that the Baling strain of S. malayensis was more pathogenic for rabbits as compared with the Koyan strain--in relation to the gross pathology of the gut and the tissue egg load. Earlier reports have shown that rabbits infected with S. japonicum induces significant intestinal lesions in rabbits (Cheever et al, 1980 a,b) but these animals are refractory to infection with S. mekongi (Byram and Lichtenberg, 1980). Our studies show that the two strains of S. malayensis adapted well in rabbits. It is also established that in rabbits, the virulence of the Baling strain of S. malayensis is greater than that of S. mekongi and approximates that of S. japonicum.
    Matched MeSH terms: Schistosomiasis/blood; Schistosomiasis/parasitology; Schistosomiasis/pathology*
  13. Fulltext The Menace of Schistosomiasis in Nigeria: Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Regarding Schistosomiasis among Rural Communities in Kano State
    Dawaki S, Al-Mekhlafi HM, Ithoi I, Ibrahim J, Abdulsalam AM, Ahmed A, et al.
    PLoS One, 2015;10(11):e0143667.
    PMID: 26606264 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143667
    Schistosomiasis is one of the most common neglected tropical diseases, especially in the developing countries in Africa, Asia and South America, with Nigeria having the greatest number of cases of schistosomiasis worldwide. This community-based study aims to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) regarding schistosomiasis among rural Hausa communities in Kano State, Nigeria.
    Matched MeSH terms: Schistosomiasis
  14. Fulltext New insights into the genetic diversity of Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobiumin Yemen
    Sady H, Al-Mekhlafi HM, Webster BL, Ngui R, Atroosh WM, Al-Delaimy AK, et al.
    Parasit Vectors, 2015;8:544.
    PMID: 26482435 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-1168-8
    Human schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease of great importance that remains highly prevalent in Yemen, especially amongst rural communities. In order to investigate the genetic diversity of human Schistosoma species, a DNA barcoding study was conducted on S. mansoni and S. haematobium in Yemen.
    Matched MeSH terms: Schistosomiasis
  15. Fulltext Studies on animal schistosomes in Peninsular Malaysia: record of naturally infected animals and additional hosts of Schistosoma spindale
    Inder Singh K, Krishnasamy M, Ambu S, Rasul R, Chong NL
    Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1997 Jun;28(2):303-7.
    PMID: 9444010
    Surveillance studies on cercarial dermatitis were carried out in paddy growing areas in Peninsular Malaysia. It was observed that dermatitis in paddy planters occurred in paddy fields which were cultivated using animals such as bafflos or fields where domestic animals were allowed to graze during the off planting season as these animals harbored the parasite. The causative agent of cercarial dermatitis was Schistosoma spindale. A total of 215 small mammals trapped from Alor Setar and 126 trapped from Labu were examined for the schistosome. In Alor Setar Bandicota indica, Rattus argentiventer and Rattus rattus diardii were the only wild mammals found to be infected with the parasite, while in the Labu areas only Rattus tiomanicus jalorensis was positive for the schistosome. The occurrence of S. spindale in R. argentiventer and R.r. diardii in Alor Setar and in R.t. jalorensis in Labu constitute new host and geographic distribution records of the schistosome.
    Matched MeSH terms: Schistosomiasis/epidemiology; Schistosomiasis/veterinary*
  16. Epidemiology and control of schistosomiasis in Southeast Asia
    Harinasuta C
    Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1984 Dec;15(4):431-8.
    PMID: 6535256
    Schistosomiasis in Southeast Asia, caused by Schistosoma japonicum, Schistosoma mekongi and Schistosoma japonicum-like, have been reported from six different countries. The S. japonicum infections are highly prevalent in the Philippines with Oncomelania hupensis quadrasi as the vector snail, and in localized areas in Indonesia with O.h. lindoensis as the snail vector. The S. mekongi infections are recent discovery in the Lower Mekong Basin in Laos and Kampuchea, with Tricula aperta as the vector snail. The S. japonicum-like infections are found as isolated cases diagnosed by the finding of S. japonicum-like eggs in the faeces, rectal biopsy, tissue biopsy or at necropsy in Thailand and Malaysia. The control measures of schistosomiasis have been implemented in the Philippines and Indonesia, while further research studies are being conducted in Thailand and Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Schistosomiasis/epidemiology*; Schistosomiasis/prevention & control
  17. Schistosoma japonicum-like ova in liver and rectal biopsies of three cases in Sabah, Malaysia
    Kan SK, Kay RW, Thomas I
    Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1979 Mar;10(1):97-9.
    PMID: 573502
    Three cases of schistosomiasis in 2 Filipinos and one Chinese in Sabah are reported. Diagnosis was based on incidental histological findings of Schistosoma japonicum-like ova in the liver and rectal biopsies. As these 3 patients are immigrants to Sabah, it is assumed that they are imported cases, and that Sabah has been free of the disease from 1970 to 1977.
    Matched MeSH terms: Schistosomiasis/parasitology; Schistosomiasis/pathology*
  18. Fulltext Crystal structure and immunological properties of the first annexin from Schistosoma mansoni: insights into the structural integrity of the schistosomal tegument
    Leow CY, Willis C, Osman A, Mason L, Simon A, Smith BJ, et al.
    FEBS J, 2014 Feb;281(4):1209-25.
    PMID: 24428567 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12700
    Schistosomiasis is a major parasitic disease of humans, second only to malaria in its global impact. The disease is caused by digenean trematodes that infest the vasculature of their human hosts. These flukes are limited externally by a body wall composed of a syncytial epithelium, the apical surface membrane of which is a parasitism-adapted dual membrane complex. Annexins are thought to be of integral importance for the stability of this apical membrane system. Here, we present the first structural and immunobiochemical characterization of an annexin from Schistosoma mansoni. The crystal structure of annexin B22 confirms the presence of the previously predicted α-helical segment in the II/III linker and reveals a covalently linked head-to-head dimer. From the calcium-bound crystal structure of this protein, canonical type II, type III and B site positions are occupied, and a novel binding site has been identified. The dimer arrangement observed in the crystal structure suggests the presence of two prominent features, a potential non-canonical membrane binding site and a potential binding groove opposite to the former. Results from transcriptional profiling during development show that annexin B22 expression is correlated with life stages of the parasite that possess the syncytial tegument layer, and ultrastructural localization by immuno-electron microscopy confirms the occurrence of annexins in the tegument of S. mansoni. Data from membrane binding and aggregation assays indicate the presence of differential molecular mechanisms and support the hypothesis of annexin B22 providing structural integrity in the tegument.
    Matched MeSH terms: Schistosomiasis/immunology; Schistosomiasis/metabolism
  19. [A case of chronic schistosomiasis four years after infestation]
    Pedalino M, Vercesi E, Manini C, Piras D, Di Primio OG, Vella R, et al.
    Urologia, 2010 Oct-Dec;77 Suppl 17:38-41.
    PMID: 21308673
    Authors present a case of bilharziosis incidentally diagnosed in a patient undergoing TURB for suspected bladder cancer. The patient, who in 2005 had gone to Malaysia, had been suffering from recurrent hemorrhagic cystitis since 2007, which were treated with antibiotic therapy. In November 2009 he presented to our observation for persistent hematuria, underwent ultrasound examination, fibroscopy and TURB diagnostics for suspicious lesions. The histopathology diagnosis found granulomatous lesions with typical parasites eggs due to schistosomiasis eggs. As a consequence of that, the patient underwent medical therapy. The pathologist's role becomes nullifying not only for the diagnosis of parasitic infections but also for the exclusion or evidence of urothelial squamous neoplasia. The low incidence of this rare parasitic disease in European tourists and the presence of immigrants in our country require to spread the knowledge of these parasites and the most simple tests for early detection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Schistosomiasis haematobia/complications; Schistosomiasis haematobia/diagnosis*; Schistosomiasis haematobia/drug therapy; Schistosomiasis haematobia/epidemiology; Schistosomiasis haematobia/parasitology
  20. Immunogenicity, antibody responses and vaccine efficacy of recombinant annexin B30 against Schistosoma mansoni
    Leow CY, Willis C, Chuah C, Leow CH, Jones M
    Parasite Immunol., 2020 03;42(3):e12693.
    PMID: 31880816 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12693
    AIMS: Schistosomes infect approximately 250 million people worldwide. To date, there is no effective vaccine available for the prevention of schistosome infection in endemic regions. There remains a need to develop means to confer long-term protection of individuals against reinfection. In this study, an annexin, namely annexin B30, which is highly expressed in the tegument of Schistosoma mansoni was selected to evaluate its immunogenicity and protective efficacy in a mouse model.

    METHODS AND RESULTS: Bioinformatics analysis showed that there were three potential linear B-cell epitopes and four conformational B-cell epitopes predicted from annexin B30, respectively. Full-length annexin B30 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). In the presence of adjuvants, the soluble recombinant protein was evaluated for its protective efficacy in two independent vaccine trials. Immunization of CBA mice with recombinant annexin B30 formulated either in alum only or alum/CpG induced a mixed Th1/Th2 cytokine profile but no significant protection against schistosome infection was detected.

    CONCLUSION: Recombinant annexin B30 did not confer significant protection against the parasite. The molecule may not be suitable for vaccine development. However, it could be an ideal biomarker recommended for immunodiagnostics development.

    Matched MeSH terms: Schistosomiasis mansoni/diagnosis; Schistosomiasis mansoni/immunology*
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