Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 120 in total

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  1. Fulltext Serodiagnosis and early detection of Strongyloides stercoralis infection
    Arifin N, Hanafiah KM, Ahmad H, Noordin R
    J Microbiol Immunol Infect, 2019 Jun;52(3):371-378.
    PMID: 30482708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2018.10.001
    Strongyloidiasis is a major neglected tropical disease with the potential of causing lifelong infection and mortality. One of the ways for effective control of this disease is developing improved diagnostics, particularly using serological approaches. A serological test can achieve high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, has the potential for point-of-care translation, and can be used as a screening tool for early detection. More research is needed to find clinically important antibody biomarkers for early disease detection, mapping, and epidemiological surveillance. This article summarizes human strongyloidiasis and the available diagnostic tools for the disease, focusing on describing the current antibody assays for strongyloidiasis. Finally, prospects of developing a more effective serodiagnostic tool for strongyloidiasis are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Serologic Tests*
  2. Lateral Flow Dipstick Test for Serodiagnosis of Strongyloidiasis
    Yunus MH, Arifin N, Balachandra D, Anuar NS, Noordin R
    Am J Trop Med Hyg, 2019 08;101(2):432-435.
    PMID: 31218996 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0053
    The conventional method of detecting Strongyloides stercoralis in fecal samples has poor diagnostic sensitivity. Detection of Strongyloides-specific antibodies increases the sensitivity; however, most tests are ELISAs that use parasite extract which may cross-react with the sera of other helminth infections. To improve the serological diagnosis of strongyloidiasis, this study aimed at developing a sensitive and specific lateral flow rapid dipstick test. Two recombinant proteins, recombinant NIE (rNIE) and recombinant Ss1a (rSs1a), were used in preparing the dipstick, with gold-conjugated antihuman IgG4 as detector reagent. In parallel, the corresponding ELISA was performed. Both assays demonstrated diagnostic sensitivity of 91.3% (21/23) when tested with serum samples of patients with Strongyloides infection, and 100% specificity with 82 sera of asymptomatic (healthy) and those with other parasitic infections. The ELISA and dipstick test results were positively correlated to each other (r = 0.6114, P = 0.0019). The developed lateral flow dipstick test may improve the serodiagnosis of strongyloidiasis and merit further validation studies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Serologic Tests/methods*
  3. Challenges of Covid-19 testing
    Tan GC, Cheong SK
    Malays J Pathol, 2020 Apr;42(1):1.
    PMID: 32342925
    No abstract available.
    Matched MeSH terms: Serologic Tests/standards
  4. Fulltext Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection among Malaysian population
    Muhamad NA, Ab Ghani RM, Abdul Mutalip MH, Muhammad EN, Mohamad Haris H, Mohd Zain R, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2020 12 03;10(1):21009.
    PMID: 33273475 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77813-5
    Malaysia is a country with an intermediate endemicity for hepatitis B. As the country moves toward hepatitis B and C elimination, population-based estimates are necessary to understand the burden of hepatitis B and C for evidence-based policy-making. Hence, this study aims to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis B and C in Malaysia. A total of 1458 participants were randomly selected from The Malaysian Cohort (TMC) aged 35 to 70 years between 2006 and 2012. All blood samples were tested for hepatitis B and C markers including hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc), antibodies against hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV). Those reactive for hepatitis C were further tested for HCV RNA genotyping. The sociodemographic characteristics and comorbidities were used to evaluate their associated risk factors. Descriptive analysis and multivariable analysis were done using Stata 14. From the samples tested, 4% were positive for HBsAg (95% CI 2.7-4.7), 20% were positive for anti-HBc (95% CI 17.6-21.9) and 0.3% were positive for anti-HCV (95% CI 0.1-0.7). Two of the five participants who were reactive for anti-HCV had the HCV genotype 1a and 3a. The seroprevalence of HBV and HCV infection in Malaysia is low and intermediate, respectively. This population-based study could facilitate the planning and evaluation of the hepatitis B and C control program in Malaysia.
    Study name: The Malaysian Cohort (TMC) project
    Matched MeSH terms: Serologic Tests/statistics & numerical data
  5. Current status of diagnostic methods for henipavirus
    Tamin A, Rota PA
    Dev Biol (Basel), 2013;135:139-45.
    PMID: 23689891 DOI: 10.1159/000189236
    Hendra virus (HeV) and Nipah virus (NiV) are the causative agents of emerging transboundary animal disease in pigs and horses. They also cause fatal disease in humans. NiV has a case fatality rate of 40 - 100%. In the initial NiV outbreak in Malaysia in 1999, about 1.1 million pigs had to be culled. The economic impact was estimated to be approximately US$450 million. Worldwide, HeV has caused more than 60 deaths in horses with 7 human cases and 4 deaths. Since the initial outbreak, HeV spillovers from Pteropus bats to horses and humans continue. This article presents a brief review on the currently available diagnostic methods for henipavirus infections, including advances achieved since the initial outbreak, and a gap analysis of areas needing improvement.
    Matched MeSH terms: Serologic Tests/methods; Serologic Tests/veterinary*
  6. Fulltext Leptospirosis: recent incidents and available diagnostics - a review
    Yuszniahyati Y, Kenneth FR, Daisy Vanitha J
    Med J Malaysia, 2015 Dec;70(6):351-5.
    PMID: 26988208
    OBJECTIVE: The aim of this article was to review published research articles on leptospirosis, in particular the recent incidence of leptospirosis in Malaysia and the currently available diagnostic methods for the detection of leptospirosis.

    METHODS: PubMed, Google Scholar and Google Search databases were searched using the key words Leptospira and leptospirosis. A total of seventy-six references were reviewed including sixty-seven research articles, three annual reports from Ministry of Health and six online newspaper articles. This review includes the following five sub-headings: introduction, leptospirosis transmission, leptospirosis incidents, laboratory diagnosis of leptospirosis and treatment and prevention of leptospirosis.

    RESULTS: An increase in incidents of leptospirosis cases has been seen in recent years in Malaysia. The recent floods have contributed to the rise in the number of reported cases. Current diagnostic approaches such as dark field microscopy, microscopic agglutination test (MAT), Polymerase chain reaction and serological tests are inadequate as the organism is a slow grower.

    CONCLUSION: There is an urgent need to develop newer techniques for rapid detection of leptospirosis. The combination of PCR and ELISA are suggested for rapid and accurate diagnosis of leptospirosis. Studies on the mechanism of pathogenesis of Leptospira are needed for the development of vaccines that are safe for human use.
    Matched MeSH terms: Serologic Tests
  7. Fulltext A case report: intracranial haemorrhage in a patient with probable dengue fever
    Wafa SR, Jamsari S, Karis BM
    Med J Malaysia, 1999 Jun;54(2):273-6.
    PMID: 10972043
    We present a rare case of a patient diagnosed with probable dengue fever sustaining an intracranial haemorrhage after a trivial motor vehicle accident. From the literature reviewed, it was noted that there have been no reports of dengue fever presenting with an intracranial haemorrhage, and the association is more common in patients diagnosed with dengue hemorrhagic fever and/or dengue shock syndrome.
    Matched MeSH terms: Serologic Tests
  8. Enhanced production of short-peptide tagged Ss3a recombinant protein as a novel potential biomarker for strongyloidiasis
    Mohd-Hassan NH, Noordin R, Arifin N
    Trop Biomed, 2020 Sep 01;37(3):578-586.
    PMID: 33612773 DOI: 10.47665/tb.37.3.578
    Strongyloidiasis is a mysterious yet important parasitic disease that is hard to diagnose. While microscopic examination remains a "controversial" gold standard method, improved diagnosis is achieved through confirmatory assays with serological and/or molecular diagnostic approaches. In the current serodiagnosis of strongyloidiasis, recombinant proteins have been adopted in place of the use of native parasite antigens, although the availability of diagnostically potential proteins are still limited. Here, we introduce a novel Strongyloides recombinant protein that is uniquely attached to two different short peptide tags as a potential diagnostic biomarker for serodiagnosis of strongyloidiasis, namely lysine (7K) and aspartic acid (7D). The work presented focus on improving the yield and purity of the previously unexpressed recombinant protein. Preliminary diagnostic evaluation of the recombinant favors Ss3a7K protein owing to its higher antigenicity performance with 80% sensitivity and 100% specificity, respectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Serologic Tests
  9. Occupational distribution of leptospiral (SEL) antibodies in West Malaysia
    Tan DS
    Med J Malaysia, 1973 Jun;27(4):253-7.
    PMID: 4270781
    Matched MeSH terms: Serologic Tests
  10. The effect of habitat on the prevalence of human scrub typhus in Malaysia
    Cadigan FC, Andre RG, Bolton M, Gan E, Walker JS
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1972;66(4):582-7.
    PMID: 4561007
    Matched MeSH terms: Serologic Tests
  11. Leptospirosis in rural West Malaysia
    Tan DS
    Med J Malaya, 1970 Jun;24(4):261-6.
    PMID: 4248346
    Matched MeSH terms: Serologic Tests
  12. A demonstration of the use of the polygraph to record Schultz-Dale reactions utilizing sera of monkeys infected with Brugia malayi as sources of both antibody and antigen
    Guest MF, Kek CL, Wong MM, Cheong LK
    Med J Malaya, 1966 Jun;20(4):325-6.
    PMID: 4224346
    Matched MeSH terms: Serologic Tests
  13. Fulltext Immunochromatographic test for rapid serological diagnosis of human angiostrongyliasis
    Eamsobhana P, Tungtrongchitr A, Wanachiwanawin D, Yong HS
    Int J Infect Dis, 2018 Aug;73:69-71.
    PMID: 29908250 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2018.06.005
    OBJECTIVES: The serological diagnosis of human infection with Angiostrongylus cantonensis remains problematic because there are no commercially available validated tests. Most laboratories use domestically prepared tests such as the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or immunoblotting. Since laboratory facilities are not always available in endemic areas, we developed and assessed a rapid lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (AcQuickDx Test) to detect anti-A. cantonensis antibodies in human serum.

    METHODS: The test device was assembled with purified 31-kDa glycoprotein as diagnostic antigen and with gold-labelled anti-human immunoglublin-G as the detector reagent. A total of 97 serum samples were tested - 19 samples from clinically diagnosed patients with detectable A. cantonensis-specific antibody in immunoblotting; 43 samples from patients with other parasitic diseases, i.e. gnathostomiasis (n=13), toxocariasis (n=2), trichinellosis (n=2), hookworm infection (n=4), filariasis (n=5), cysticercosis (n=9), paragonimiasis (n=2), opisthorchiasis (n=3), and malaria (n=3); and 35 samples from normal healthy subjects.

    RESULTS: The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of AcQuickDx Test to detect anti-A. cantonensis specific antibodies in serologically confirmed angiostrongyliasis cases, were 100%, 98.72%, 95% and 100%, respectively. Positive AcQuickDx was observed in 1 of 4 cases with hookworm infections. No positive AcQuickDx was observed in cases with other parasitic diseases, and the individual healthy subjects.

    CONCLUSIONS: AcQuickDx Test is rapid, highly sensitive and specific, and easy to perform without additional equipment or ancillary supplies. It yields results that are interpreted visually, and possesses a long shelf-life at room temperature. Thus, it can be applied as an additional test for clinical diagnostic support of angiostrongyliasis either in conventional laboratories or for remote areas where laboratory infrastructure is not available.

    Matched MeSH terms: Serologic Tests
  14. Fulltext Serological prevalance of leptospiral infection in captive Malayan porcupiness (Hystrix brachyura)
    Siti-Nurdyana, A.K., Bahaman, A.R., Sharma, R.S.K., Azlan, C.M., Abdul Razak, M.F.A.
    Jurnal Veterinar Malaysia, 2016;28(2):1-3.
    MyJurnal
    Leptospirosis is recognised as one of the leading zoonotic diseases and rodents have been implicated as one of the natural reservoirs of the disease. The Malayan porcupines (Hystrix brachyura) which are also a rodent could possibly be a carrier of leptospiral organisms. This study was conducted to determine the serological prevalence of leptospiral infection among captive Malayan porcupines and to disclose the possibility of porcupines as a reservoir for leptospiral infection. Fifty serum samples were obtained from the Malayan porcupines kept in captivity at the Wildlife Conservation Centre, Sungai Dusun, Malaysia. The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) was performed on the serum samples to detect the presence of agglutinating antibodies to a panel of 16 Leptospira serovars (Australis, Autumnalis, Ballum, Bataviae, Canicola, Celledoni, Djasiman, Hardjobovis, Hardjopratjino, Hebdomadis, Hurstbridge, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Javanica, Pomona, Pyrogenes and Sejroe). From the serological test, 18% (n=9/50) of the Malayan porcupines tested had leptospiral antibodies to serovars Javanica (8%), Hurstbridge (4%), Ballum (2%), Celledoni (2%) and Hardjoprajitno (2%). It is seen that this study disclosed a high prevalence of leptospiral infection in the Malayan porcupines tested and indicated that the Malayan porcupines could possibly be a source of leptospirosis to other animals including humans and that they might play an important role in the epidemiology of leptospiral infection in the country.
    Matched MeSH terms: Serologic Tests
  15. The importance of using a right test method in diagnosing leptospirosis
    Ilham NE, Joseph NSM, Bahtiar Affendy N, Mohd Taib N, Vasantha KN, Masri SN
    Trop Biomed, 2020 Jun 01;37(2):357-362.
    PMID: 33612804
    Leptospirosis is a common febrile illness in Malaysia. The disease is caused by pathogenic bacteria called leptospires that are transmitted directly or indirectly from animals to humans via contaminated water or soil. It is a potentially serious but treatable disease. Its symptoms may mimic those of other unrelated febrile illnesses such as dengue, influenza, meningitis, hepatitis or viral haemorrhagic fevers. The spectrum of the disease is extremely wide, ranging from subclinical infection to a severe syndrome of multiorgan infection with high mortality. The diagnosis requires high suspicion with history of exposure to water or environment possibly contaminated with infected animal urine. This is a case of a 13 year-oldgirl with no known medical illness, and a history of exposure to outdoor activities. However, paired sera for leptospirosis serology was not diagnostic. She then developed septic shock on day 14 of illness. But due to high suspicion of leptospirosis, antibiotic therapy was upgraded to ceftriaxone and samples were sent for further testing which revealed that leptospires were detected in the urine, using molecular technique. She improved after treated as leptospirosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Serologic Tests
  16. Fulltext Identification and Preliminary Evaluation of a Novel Recombinant Protein for Serodiagnosis of Strongyloidiasis
    Arifin N, Yunus MH, Nolan TJ, Lok JB, Noordin R
    Am J Trop Med Hyg, 2018 04;98(4):1165-1170.
    PMID: 29436335 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0697
    Strongyloides stercoralis is a human parasite that can cause a long-term infection. In immunosuppressed patients, strongyloidiasis may be fatal when there is overwhelming autoinfection resulting in the migration of large numbers of larvae through many organs. Definitive diagnosis is still a challenge, and a combination of symptoms, microscopic identification, and serology test results are often used to arrive at a clinical decision. However, intermittent larval excretion, low parasite burden, and occult infections are challenges with parasitological diagnosis of infection with S. stercoralis. Meanwhile, serologic tests using immunoglobulin G and parasite antigen extract have problems of cross-reactivity with other helminthic infections. Recombinant antigen-based serodiagnosis is a good alternative to overcome the laboratory diagnostic issues. Herein, we report on the isolation of cDNA clone encoding an antigen of potential diagnostic value identified from immunoscreening of a S. stercoralis cDNA library. The translated protein had highest similarity to Strongyloides ratti immunoglobulin-binding protein 1. The recombinant antigen produced, rSs1a, was assessed using western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The latter showed 96% diagnostic sensitivity and 93% specificity; thus, rSs1a has good potential for use in serodiagnosis of human strongyloidiasis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Serologic Tests
  17. Fulltext Production and characterization of a polyclonal antibody of anti-rLipL21-IgG against leptospira for early detection of acute leptospirosis
    Seenichamy A, Bahaman AR, Mutalib AR, Khairani-Bejo S
    Biomed Res Int, 2014;2014:592858.
    PMID: 24860824 DOI: 10.1155/2014/592858
    Leptospirosis is one of the zoonotic diseases in animals and humans throughout the world. LipL21 is one of the important surface-exposed lipoproteins in leptospires and the most effective cross protective immunogenic antigen. It is widely considered as a diagnostic marker for leptospirosis. In this study, we evaluated the serodiagnostic potential of LipL21 protein of Leptospira interrogans serovar Pomona. We have successfully amplified, cloned, and expressed LipL21 in E. coli and evaluated its specificity by immunoblotting. Purified recombinant LipL21 (rLipL21) was inoculated into rabbits for the production of polyclonal antibody. Characterization of the purified IgG antibody against rLipL21 was performed by cross reactivity assay. Only sera from leptospirosis patients and rabbit hyperimmune sera recognized rLipL21 while the nonleptospirosis control sera showed no reaction in immunoblotting. We confirmed that anti-rLipL21-IgG antibody cross reacted with and detected only pathogenic leptospiral species and it did not react with nonpathogenic leptospires and other bacterial species. Results observed showed that anti-rLipL21-IgG antibody has high specificity and sensitivity to leptospires. The findings indicated that the antibody could be used in a diagnostic assay for detection of leptospires or their proteins in the early phase of infection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Serologic Tests/methods
  18. Fulltext Multiple-antigen ELISA for melioidosis--a novel approach to the improved serodiagnosis of melioidosis
    Hara Y, Chin CY, Mohamed R, Puthucheary SD, Nathan S
    BMC Infect Dis, 2013;13:165.
    PMID: 23556548 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-165
    Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is endemic to Southeast Asia and northern Australia. Clinical manifestations of disease are diverse, ranging from chronic infection to acute septicaemia. The current gold standard of diagnosis involves bacterial culture and identification which is time consuming and often too late for early medical intervention. Hence, rapid diagnosis of melioidosis is crucial for the successful management of melioidosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Serologic Tests/methods
  19. Fulltext Indications and outcome of anti-phospholipid syndrome testing in an obstetric population at Sabah Women & Children Hospital, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Borneo Malaysia
    Valayatham V
    Med J Malaysia, 2012 Aug;67(4):399-401.
    PMID: 23082449 MyJurnal
    AIM: We audited indications and outcomes of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) screening in the pregnant population at our centre.
    METHOD: Prospective and observational. All APS test results returned were audited for validity of indication and subsequent outcome.
    RESULT: 24 of a total of 146 (16%) of requests for the antiphospholipid antibodies and lupus anticoagulant were not indicated. Two positive results returned for a total of 116 "indicated" requests (1.7%).
    CONCLUSION: There needs to be increased awareness among obstetricians on the indications for screening for antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). The prevalence of antiphospholipid syndrome with obstetric manefestations in the study population is lower than rates published in the literature.
    Matched MeSH terms: Serologic Tests/utilization
  20. Evaluation of Toxoplasma gondii-recombinant dense granular protein (GRA2) for serodiagnosis by western blot
    Ching XT, Lau YL, Fong MY, Nissapatorn V
    Parasitol Res, 2013 Mar;112(3):1229-36.
    PMID: 23274488 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-012-3255-5
    Toxoplasma gondii infects all warm-blooded animals including humans, causing serious public health problems and great economic loss in the food industry. Commonly used serological tests involve preparation of whole Toxoplasma lysate antigens from tachyzoites which are costly and hazardous. An alternative method for better antigen production involving the prokaryotic expression system was therefore used in this study. Recombinant dense granular protein, GRA2, was successfully cloned, expressed, and purified in Escherichia coli, BL21 (DE3) pLysS. The potential of this purified antigen for diagnosis of human infections was evaluated through western blot analysis against 100 human serum samples. Results showed that the rGRA2 protein has 100 and 61.5 % sensitivity towards acute and chronic infection, respectively, in T. gondii-infected humans, indicating that this protein is useful in differentiating present and past infections. Therefore, it is suitable to be used as a sensitive and specific molecular marker for the serodiagnosis of Toxoplasma infection in both humans and animals.
    Matched MeSH terms: Serologic Tests/methods
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