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  1. Effects of substitution of crude palm oil with palm-pressed fibre oil on the laying hen's performance, egg production and egg quality traits
    Saminathan M, Fuat MA, Mohamed WNW, Noh 'M, Ibrahim NA
    Trop Anim Health Prod, 2024 Oct 02;56(8):312.
    PMID: 39354119 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-024-04105-9
    This study aimed to evaluate the effects of substituting a crude palm oil (CPO) diet with palm-pressed fibre oil (PPFO) on laying hens' performance, egg production, carcass characteristic and egg quality. A total of 150 Hisex Brown laying hens were randomly assigned to five treatments: a basal diet containing 4% CPO (T1-control) and basal diets in which CPO was substituted by 25% (T2), 50% (T3), 75% (T4) or 100% (T5) PPFO. These diets were fed to laying hens ad libitum for 16 weeks. Compared to the T1 diet, dietary treatments T2, T3 and T4 had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on the feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, egg number, egg production, egg weight and egg mass of the laying hens during the entire experimental period. Nonetheless, a significant (P 
  2. Bibliometric analysis and literature review of occupant thermal comfort in naturally ventilated buildings (1995-2021)
    Abuhussain MA, Alotaibi BS, Suru IB, Dodo YA, Alshenaifi MA, Aliero MS
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2024 Oct;31(46):56983-57001.
    PMID: 38001292 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31053-y
    This paper presents the global research landscape and scientific progress on occupant thermal comfort in naturally ventilated buildings (OTC-NVB). Despite the growing interest in the area, comprehensive papers on the current status and future developments on the topic are currently lacking. Hence, the publication trends, bibliometric analysis, and systematic literature review of the published documents on OTC-NVB were examined. The search query "Thermal Comfort" AND "Natural Ventilation" AND "Buildings" was designed and executed to recover related documents on the topic from the Elsevier Scopus database. Results showed that 976 documents (comprising articles, conference papers, reviews, etc.) were published on the topic from 1995 to 2021. Further analysis showed that 97.34% of the publications were published in the English language. Richard J.de Dear (University of Sydney, Australia) is the most prolific researcher on OTC-NVB research, while Energy and Buildings has the highest publications. Bibliometric analysis showed high publications, citations, keywords, and co-authorships among researchers, whereas the most occurrent keywords are ventilation, natural ventilation, thermal comfort, buildings, and air conditioning. Systematic literature review demonstrated that OTC-NVB research has progressed significantly from empirical to computer-based studies involving complex mathematical equations, programs, or software like artificial neural networks (ANN) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). In general, OTC-NVB research findings indicate that physiological, social, and environmental factors considerably influence OTC in NVBs. Future studies will likely employ artificial intelligence or building performance simulation (BPS) tools to examine relationships between OTC and indoor air/environmental quality, human behavior, novel clothing, or building materials in NVBs.
  3. Salmonella serovars trend in poultry Malaysia from 2011 to 2020
    Ibrahim MM, Jusoh MB, Rose FZC, Azami MM, Roslee R
    Vet Res Commun, 2024 Jun;48(3):1791-1802.
    PMID: 38238509 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10303-5
    Data and geographical trend of Salmonella serovars infecting poultry in Malaysia is limited. In this study, the trend of Salmonella serovars infection was presented for the past ten years from 2011 to 2020 and the predominant serovars were mapped based on geographical distribution. Analysis of passive surveillance data demonstrated a shift of Salmonella serovars that infected poultry in Malaysia. The Salmonella serovars varied within ten years of registered cases with the Veterinary Research Institute, Ipoh, Malaysia involving samples from live and dead birds. Total number of cases found from the year 2011 to 2020 were 391 cases, involving 73 Salmonella serovars with an additional one group of unclassified serovars known as Salmonella spp. Further analysis revealed that eight serovars were found predominant throughout the ten-year period. These included S. Albany, S. Braenderup, S. Brancaster, S. Corvallis, S. Enteritidis, S. Kentucky, S. Typhimurium and S. Weltevreden. Salmonella spp. (Salmonella that is incapable to be identified based on serotyping) were also one of the major groups observed throughout the years. This study could help the authorities to improvise policies for better disease control programs through the establishment of diagnostic tools for rapid Salmonella screening in poultry.
  4. Uncovering Potentially Therapeutic Phytochemicals, In silico Analysis, and Biological Assessment of South-Chinese Red Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus)
    Asghar A, Huichun L, Fang Q, Khan NA, Shahid M, Rui W, et al.
    Plant Foods Hum Nutr, 2024 Jun;79(2):474-481.
    PMID: 38363439 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-024-01151-4
    Red dragon fruit is gaining popularity globally due to its nutritional value and bioactive components. The study aimed to assess the phytochemical, nutritional composition, antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic properties of extracts from the South Chinese red dragon fruit peel, flesh, and seeds. Extract fractions with increasing polarity (ethyl acetate
  5. Mechanisms of S-phase arrest and mitochondrial dysfunction in complex III by DHODH inhibitors in tumorigenic TNBC cells
    Shahhiran MAA, Abdul Kadir MF, Nor Rashid N, Abdul-Rahman PS, Othman S
    Histochem Cell Biol, 2024 Nov 18;163(1):3.
    PMID: 39557682 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-024-02339-0
    Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) inhibitors have recently gained increasing research interest owing to their potential for treating breast cancers. We explored their effects in different breast cancer subtypes, focusing on mitochondrial dysfunction. The sensitivity of different subtypes to the inhibitors was investigated with respect to DHODH expression, tumorigenic, and receptor status. Analysis of respiratory complexes, cell cycle, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and cell differentiation were performed. Four cell lines with different receptor status were included, namely MCF-7, MDAMB-231, SKBR-3, and MCF-10A. We showed that MCF-7 and MDAMB-231 cells of the subtypes (ER+/PR+/HER2-) and (ER-/PR-/HER2-), respectively, were responsive to brequinar. Brequinar (BQR) caused cell cycle arrest in the S-phase in sensitive subtypes of breast cells but induced cell differentiation only in poorly differentiated breast cells. All cell subtypes showed increased generation of ROS, both intracellular and mitochondrial ROS with a greater increase seen in mitochondrial ROS in response to DHODH inhibitor, subsequently contributing to mitochondrial dysfunction. BQR also disrupts the function of complex III in ER+/PR+ and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtypes. Collectively, we have found that MDAMB-231 TNBC cell was the most affected by DHODH inhibition in terms of sensitivity, cell cycle arrest, induction of cell differentiation, production of ROS, and mitochondrial complexes disruption. In conclusion, these findings suggest that DHODH inhibitors can potentially become a valuable targeted therapy for TNBC subtype and further consolidates its therapeutic potential as part of the combinatorial therapy against this resilient breast cancer subtype.
  6. Overexpression of rice High-affinity Potassium Transporter gene OsHKT1;5 improves salinity and drought tolerance in Arabidopsis
    Ullah MA, Abdullah-Zawawi MR, Razalli II, Sukiran NL, Uddin MI, Zainal Z
    Mol Biol Rep, 2024 Dec 07;52(1):40.
    PMID: 39644345 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-10130-6
    BACKGROUND: Rice is subjected to various environmental stresses, resulting in significant production losses. Abiotic stresses, particularly drought and salinity, are the leading causes of plant damage worldwide. The High-affinity Potassium Transporter (HKT) gene family plays an important role in enhancing crop stress tolerance by regulating physiological and enzymatic functions.

    METHODS AND RESULTS: This study investigates the effect of overexpressing the rice HKT1;5 gene in Arabidopsis thaliana on its tolerance to salinity and drought. The OsHKT1;5 gene was introduced into Arabidopsis under the control of 35 S promoter of CaMV via floral dip transformation method. PCR confirmed the integration of the transgene into the Arabidopsis genome, while qPCR analysis showed its expression. Three transgenic lines of OsHKT1;5 were used for stress treatment and phenotypic studies. The overexpressed lines showed considerably higher germination rates, increased leaf counts, greater fresh and dry weights of the roots and shoots, higher chlorophyll contents, longer root lengths, and reduced Na+ levels together with increased K+ ions levels after salt and drought treatments, in comparison to wild-type plants. Furthermore, overexpressed lines exhibited higher antioxidant levels than wild-type plants under salinity and drought conditions. In addition, transgenic lines showed higher expression levels of the OsHKT1;5 gene in both roots and shoots compared to wild-type plants.

    CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, this study revealed OsHKT1;5 as a promising candidate for enhancing tolerance to salinity and drought stresses in rice, marking a significant step toward developing a new rice variety with improved abiotic stress tolerance.

  7. Alteration of the gut microbial composition of critically endangered Malayan tigers (Panthera tigris jacksoni) in captivity during enrichment phase
    Khairulmunir M, Gani M, Mohd-Ridwan AR, Karuppannan KV, Abdul-Latiff MAB, Md-Zain BM
    Mol Biol Rep, 2024 Jun 14;51(1):742.
    PMID: 38874703 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09642-y
    BACKGROUND: Enrichment activities may influence the microbiomes of captive tigers', affecting their health, digestion, and behavior. Currently, there are few studies that address the impact of enrichment activity on tigers' health. This study aimed to determine the diversity of the gut microbiome in captive Malayan tigers at Zoo Melaka and Night Safari during the environmental enrichment phase using a metabarcoding approach.

    METHODS AND RESULTS: This study utilized different enrichment activities which catered for food, sensory, and cognitive enrichment. Eleven fresh fecal samples from captive Malayan tigers at Zoo Melaka and Night Safari were collected under different conditions. All samples were extracted and 16S rRNA V3-V4 region amplicon sequencing was used to characterize the gut microbiome of captive Malayan tigers subjected to various enrichment activities. Firmicutes, Actinobacteriota, and Fusobacteriota were the dominant phyla observed in the gut microbiome of captive Malayan tigers during enrichment activities. This study revealed β-diversity significantly varied between normal and enrichment phase, however no significant differences were observed in α-diversity. This study demonstrates that environmental enrichment improves the gut microbiome of Malayan tigers because gut microbes such as Lachnoclostridium, which has anti-inflammatory effects and helps maintain homeostasis, and Romboutsia, which has a probiotic effect on the gut microbiome.

    CONCLUSIONS: This study provides valuable insights into the effects of enrichment activities on the gut microbiome of captive Malayan tigers, offering guidance for enhancing captive management practices aimed at promoting the health and well-being of Malayan tiger in captivity.

  8. Fulltext Novel high-performance microstrip diplexer for 5G mid-band and wide-band applications: Design, analysis and manufacturing
    Yahya SI, Zubir F, Abdel Hafez M, Nouri L, Chaudhary MA, Assaad M, et al.
    PLoS One, 2025;20(7):e0327839.
    PMID: 40644476 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0327839
    This paper presents the design and experimental results of a microstrip diplexer with a high performance for 5G applications. The introduced diplexer has compact size, novel structure, low losses, and wide fractional bandwidth. Notably, it exhibits a novel microstrip layout with a very compact size of 0.004 λg2. The resonance frequencies are tuned at 1.1 GHz and 3.2 GHz for mid-band 5G applications. The presented structure has the fractional bandwidths (57.3%, 44.6%) and insertion losses (0.07 dB, 0.04 dB). Additionally, it features two flat channels with two low maximum group delays of 0.86 ns, 0.4 ns in the 1st and 2nd passbands, respectively. A perfect mathematical design method is applied to find the behavior of the introduced resonator, as well as the most effective physical dimensions. For improving the performance and miniaturization, an optimization method is used. To validate the design approach, the proposed diplexer is fabricated and then measured, demonstrating a close agreement between the simulation and measurement results. This highlights the effectiveness of our design approach and underscores the potential of the proposed diplexer for enabling efficient and reliable communication in the rapidly evolving field of telecommunications.
  9. Fulltext Exploring multi-ethnicity consumer acceptance of migratory locust (Locusta migratoria)-based food products: a survey of Malaysian consumers
    Gunasangar V, Suadi NA, Alrosan M, Alu'datt MH, Easa AM, Tan TC
    J Food Sci Technol, 2025 Nov;62(11):2132-2142.
    PMID: 41041494 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-024-06154-2
    A cross-sectional survey research design was chosen to explore the degree of acceptance of Malaysian consumers from various demographic backgrounds towards migratory locust-based food products by using the Food Neophobia Scale (FNS), Insect Phobia Scale (IPS), and Willingness to Consume (WTC) migratory locust-based food products scale. This study chose migrant locusts (Locusta migratoria) due to their high protein content and potential to obtain Halal certification and sustainable production. In this study, 326 questionnaires were distributed online using non-probability sampling methods among Malaysian consumers. The results showed that average mean values for total FNS, IPS, and WTC scores were 35.73 out of 70, 31.05 out of 42, and 4.27 out of 7, respectively. In addition, the correlations between FNS and IPS scores towards WTC scores showed a negative correlation, with the IPS-WTC (- 0.399) correlation being stronger than FNS-WTC (- 0.216). Regarding demographic background, statistically significant variables for total FNS and IPS scores were limited to age group and gender. Overall, it can be concluded that most respondents hold a neutral stance towards introducing migratory locust-based food products in Malaysia, with entomophobia being the most probable reason for consumers' rejection of migratory locust-based food products.
  10. An integrated investigation of hydrocarbon pollution in Ahoada area, Niger Delta Region, Nigeria
    Umar HA, Khanan MFA, Shiru MS, Ahmad A, Rahman MZA, Din AHM
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2023 Nov;30(55):116848-116859.
    PMID: 36633746 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25144-z
    This study investigates hydrocarbon pollution in the Ahoada community of the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The study uses a geographic information system (GIS) for mapping oil spill hotspots in the region. The resistivity method was used to delineate the extent of hydrocarbon pollution to a depth of 19.7 m in the Ahoada area of the region. Three categories of soil samples, impacted soil (IMS), remediated soil (RS), and control soil (CS), were collected and analyzed for the presence of BTEX, PAH, TPH, TOC, and TOG. The concentrations of the samples from the IMS and RS were compared to that of the CS to determine the extent of pollution. The GIS mapping shows that the most polluted areas in the Niger Delta Region are Rivers, Bayelsa, and Delta states. Results of the geophysical images revealed contaminants' presence to depths beyond 20 m at some locations in the study area. The highest depth of contaminant travel was at Ukperede. Soil samples' analysis showed that the range of concentrations of TPH in IMS at Oshie was 17.27-58.36 mg/kg; RS was 11.73-50.78 mg/kg which were higher than the concentrations of 0.68 mg/kg in the CS. PAHs are more prevalent in Ukperede, ranging from 54.56 to 77.54 mg/kg. BTEX concentrations ranged from 0.02 to 0.38 mg/kg for IMP and 0.01-2.7 mg/kg for RS against a CS value of 0.01 mg/kg. The study revealed that there are characteristically high resistivity values in the samples which were corroborated by the findings from the resistivity survey. TOC was found to be higher in the IMS and RS than in the CS, demonstrating that a significant quantity of the hydrocarbon has undergone appreciable decomposition.
  11. Application of Box-Behnken design to mineralization and color removal of palm oil mill effluent by electrocoagulation process
    Rakhmania, Kamyab H, Yuzir MA, Al-Qaim FF, Purba LDA, Riyadi FA
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2023 Jun;30(28):71741-71753.
    PMID: 34480301 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16197-z
    In this study, palm oil mill effluent (POME) was treated using electrocoagulation, whereby the influencing factors including voltage, electrolysis time, and electrolyte amount were optimized to achieve the highest chemical oxygen demand (COD) and color removal efficiencies. Graphite was selected as electrode material due to its performance better compared to aluminum and copper. Response surface methodology (RSM) was carried out for optimization of the electrocoagulation operating parameters. The best model obtained using Box-Behnken design (BBD) were quadratic for COD removal (R2 = 0.9844), color reduction (R2 = 0.9412), and oil and grease removal (R2 = 0.9724). The result from the analysis of variance (ANOVA) was obtained to determine the relationship between factors and treatment efficiencies. The experimental results under optimized conditions such as voltage 14, electrolysis time of 3 h, and electrolyte amount of 13.41 g/L show that the electrocoagulation process effectively reduced the COD (56%), color (65%), and oil and grease (99%) of the POME treatment. Graphical abstract.
  12. Low-cost novel nano-constructed granite composites for removal of hazardous Terasil dye from wastewater
    Khalil M, Hanif MA, Rashid U, Ahmad J, Alsalme A, Tsubota T
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2023 Jul;30(34):81333-81351.
    PMID: 35710971 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21367-8
    The hazardous dyes on mixing with water resources are affecting many life forms. Granite stone is popular worldwide for decorating floors, making other forms of decorative materials and items. Granite stone powder waste can be obtained free of cost from marble factories as factories spend on the disposal of this waste. In the present study, novel granite stone powder waste composite has been prepared and utilized for the effective removal of Terasil dye. Two types of granite including gray granite and white granite were used in pure, calcinized, and chemically modified forms. Freundlich adsorption isotherm model best explained the adsorption mechanism of dye removal using granite composites as compared to other adsorption isothermal models. Characterization techniques like scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used for the determination of morphological features and functional groups of granite composites. The obtained results were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) along with the post hoc Tukey test. An extraordinarily high Terasil dye uptake capacity (more than 400 mg/g) was exhibited by granite composites prepared using sodium metasilicate. The synthesized novel nano-constructed composites provided a viable strategy as compared to the pure granite stone for dye removal from wastewater water.
  13. Recent synthetic approaches towards thienothiophenes: a potential template for biologically active compounds
    Rafiq A, Aslam S, Ahmad M, Nazir MS, Farooq A, Sultan S
    Mol Divers, 2024 Jun;28(3):1793-1821.
    PMID: 37095354 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10647-1
    Heterocyclic compounds are attractive candidates because of their vast applications in natural and physical sciences. Thienothiophene (TT) is an annulated ring of two thiophene rings with a stable and electron-rich structure. Thienothiophenes (TTs) fully represent the planar system, which can drastically alter or improve the fundamental properties of organic, π-conjugated materials when included into a molecular architecture. These molecules possessed many applications including, pharmaceutical as well as optoelectronic properties. Different isomeric forms of thienothiophene showed various applications such as antiviral, antitumor, antiglaucoma, antimicrobial, and as semiconductors, solar cells, organic field effect transistors, electroluminiscents etc. A number of methodologies were adopted to synthesize thienothiophene derivatives. In this review, we have addressed different synthetic strategies of various isomeric forms of thienothiophene that have been reported during last seven years, i.e., 2016-2022.
  14. Resveratrol impacts on aquatic animals: a review
    Kari ZA, Téllez-Isaías G, Khoo MI, Wee W, Kabir MA, Cheadoloh R, et al.
    Fish Physiol Biochem, 2024 Feb;50(1):307-318.
    PMID: 38376668 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-024-01319-4
    Aquaculture has intensified tremendously with the increasing demand for protein sources as the global population grows. However, this industry is plagued with major challenges such as poor growth performance, the lack of a proper environment, and immune system impairment, thus creating stress for the aquaculture species and risking disease outbreaks. Currently, prophylactics such as antibiotics, vaccines, prebiotics, probiotics, and phytobiotics are utilized to minimize the negative impacts of high-density farming. One of the promising prophylactic agents incorporated in fish feed is resveratrol, a commercial phytophenol derived via the methanol extraction method. Recent studies have revealed many beneficial effects of resveratrol in aquatic animals. Therefore, this review discusses and summarizes the roles of resveratrol in improving growth performance, flesh quality, immune system, antioxidant capacity, disease resistance, stress mitigation, and potential combination with other prophylactic agents for aquatic animals.
  15. Influence of Co3O4-based catalysts on N2O catalytic decomposition and NO conversion
    Inayat A, Rocha-Meneses L, Ayoub M, Ullah S, Abdullah AZ, Naqvi SR, et al.
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2023 Jun;30(28):72224-72235.
    PMID: 37170050 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27371-w
    This study investigated the effect of different Co3O4-based catalysts on the catalytic decomposition of nitrous oxide (N2O) and on nitric oxide (NO) conversion. The experiments were carried out using various reaction temperatures, alkaline solutions, pH, mixing conditions, aging times, space velocities, impregnation loads, and compounds. The results showed that Co3O4 catalysts prepared by precipitation methods have the highest catalytic activity and N2O conversion, even at low reaction temperatures, while the commercial nano and powder forms of Co3O4 (CS) have the lowest performance. The catalysts become inactive at temperatures below 400 °C, and their activity is strongly influenced by the mixing temperature. Samples without stirring during the aging process have higher catalytic activity than those with stirring, even at low reaction temperatures (200-300 °C). The catalytic activity of Co3O4 PM1 decreases with low W/F values and low reaction temperatures. Additionally, the catalyst's performance tends to increase with the reduction process. The study suggests that cobalt-oxide-based catalysts are effective in N2O catalytic decomposition and NO conversion. The findings may be useful in the design and optimization of catalytic systems for N2O and NO control. The results obtained provide important insights into the development of highly efficient, low-cost, and sustainable catalysts for environmental protection.
  16. Fulltext Spatiotemporal Patterns of Microplastic Distribution in Surface Water and Nearshore Sediments of a Large Tropical Lake: Evidence From Lake Toba, Indonesia
    Muhtadi A, Leidonald R, Rahmadya A, Tampubolon PA, Rohim N, Cordova MR, et al.
    Scientifica (Cairo), 2026;2026:3525274.
    PMID: 42959381 DOI: 10.1155/sci5/3525274
    Microplastic (MP) pollution is increasingly documented in freshwater ecosystems, yet lake-scale evidence from large tropical lakes remains limited. We assessed MPs in surface water and nearshore sediments at 21 stations across Lake Toba, Indonesia, during the dry and rainy seasons. Mean MP abundance was higher in the rainy season than in the dry season in both surface water (1.461 ± 0.836 vs. 0.288 ± 0.110 particles m-3) and sediment (3.14 ± 0.59 vs. 1.26 ± 0.31 particles g-1 dry weight). Fragments and particles measuring 1000-2000 μm were dominant, while black and blue particles jointly represented 67%-68% of the observed MPs. Surface-water abundance was highest in the northern sector, whereas nearshore sediment abundance was higher in the southern sector. These contrasting patterns are consistent with spatial redistribution and retention within the lake, although transport pathways and sediment-focusing processes were not measured directly. Aquaculture, fishing, tourism, and domestic activities are therefore discussed as potential rather than confirmed sources. This study provides the first seasonally resolved, lake-wide baseline integrating surface water and nearshore sediments in Lake Toba and identifies priorities for source-specific monitoring and hydrodynamic investigation.
  17. Fine-tuning plant valuable secondary metabolite biosynthesis via small RNA manipulation: strategies and potential
    Mohd Zahid NII, Syed Othman SMI, Mustaffa AF, Ismail I, Che-Othman MH
    Planta, 2024 Sep 10;260(4):89.
    PMID: 39254898 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04521-z
    Plants produce secondary metabolites that serve various functions, including defense against biotic and abiotic stimuli. Many of these secondary metabolites possess valuable applications in diverse fields, including medicine, cosmetic, agriculture, and food and beverage industries, exhibiting their importance in both plant biology and various human needs. Small RNAs (sRNA), such as microRNA (miRNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA), have been shown to play significant roles in regulating the metabolic pathways post-transcriptionally by targeting specific key genes and transcription factors, thus offering a promising tool for enhancing plant secondary metabolite biosynthesis. In this review, we summarize current approaches for manipulating sRNAs to regulate secondary metabolite biosynthesis in plants. We provide an overview of the latest research strategies for sRNA manipulation across diverse plant species, including the identification of potential sRNAs involved in secondary metabolite biosynthesis in non-model plants. We also highlight the potential future research directions, focusing on the manipulation of sRNAs to produce high-value compounds with applications in pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, agriculture, cosmetics, and other industries. By exploring these advanced techniques, we aim to unlock new potentials for biotechnological applications, contributing to the production of high-value plant-derived products.
  18. Oleic acid enriched diet affects the metabolome composition of the hybrid grouper infected with vibriosis
    Natnan ME, Low CF, Chong CM, Jasmany MSM, Baharum SN
    Fish Physiol Biochem, 2024 Dec;50(6):2327-2342.
    PMID: 39102011 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-024-01389-4
    This study focuses in investigating the fatty acid contents of surviving infected hybrid grouper fed with oleic acid immunostimulant. After a 6-week feeding trial, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × Epinephelus lanceolatus fingerlings were infected with Vibrio vulnificus. One week after bacterial challenge, fish oil was extracted from body tissue of surviving infected fingerlings using the Soxhlet extraction method. The extracted samples were then sent for GC-MS analysis. The raw GC-MS data were analyzed using software programs and databases (i.e., MetaboAnalyst, SIMCA-P, NIST Library, and KEGG). A total of 39 metabolites were putatively identified, with 18 metabolites derived from the fatty acid group. Our further analysis revealed that most metabolites were highly abundant in the oleic acid dietary samples, including oleic acid (4.56%), 5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid (3.45%), n-hexadecenoic acid (3.34%), cis-erucic acid (2.76%), and 9-octadecenoic acid (2.5%). Worthy of note, we observed a greater abundance of α-linoleic acid (15.57%) in the control diet samples than in the oleic acid diet samples (14.59%) with no significant difference in their results. The results obtained from this study revealed that surviving infected hybrid grouper expressed more immune-related fatty acids due to the effect of oleic acid immunostimulant. Therefore, in this study, we propose oleic acid as a potential immunostimulant in enhancing fish immunity in aquaculture industry.
  19. Evaluation of the microplastics in bivalves and water column at Pantai Teluk Likas, North Borneo, Malaysia
    Abd Rahman NN, Mazlan N, Shukhairi SS, Nazahuddin MNA, Shawel AS, Harun H, et al.
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2024 Mar;31(15):23178-23192.
    PMID: 38418781 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32628-z
    Microplastics (MPs) are a pervasive pollutant in the marine environment. Pantai Teluk Likas in Sabah, Malaysia is one of the most visited beaches where tourism, recreational, and fisheries activities are high in this area. Hence, the area suffers from severe pollution, particularly from plastics. This study aims to quantify the microplastic composition in terms of color, shapes, and polymer types in marine bivalves (Anadara granosa, Glauconome virens, and Meretrix lyrata) and water column samples from Pantai Teluk Likas. All samples were digested using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and incubated in the oven for at least 48 h. Serial filtration was done for each sample before they were observed under the dissecting microscope. The microplastics were identified and counted based on their physical attributes which were colors and shapes. The functional group of the polymers was determined using FTIR spectroscopy. Microplastics were found present in all samples collected. G. virens had the highest abundance of microplastics at 113.6 ± 6.5 particles/g followed by M. lyrata at 78.4 ± 3.7 particles/g. On the contrary, A. granosa had the least microplastics with an abundance of 24.4 ± 0.6 particles/g. Meanwhile, 110.0 ± 36.2 particles/L of microplastics were found in water column samples from Pantai Teluk Likas. Based on the analysis, fibers were the most common shape in bivalves, while fibers and films were common in the water column. In terms of colors, black, blue, and red were a few of the most abundant colors observed in both samples. The most common polymer detected in all bivalve species and water column samples is polycarbonate (PC), followed by polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). Future study that focuses on the correlation between microplastic abundance in the marine biota and the water column is recommended to better understand microplastic availability and exposure.
  20. Genetic profile of the whole genome sequence of African swine fever virus from the first outbreak in Malaysian Borneo
    Azami MM, Pauzi NAS, Hamdan N, Sidik MR, Tulis AN, Hassan R, et al.
    Vet Res Commun, 2025 Jan 15;49(2):77.
    PMID: 39809923 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-025-10645-8
    African swine fever (ASF), a severe and highly contagious haemorrhagic viral disease of pigs, is becoming a major threat not only in Malaysia but around the world. The first confirmed case of ASF in Malaysia was reported in February 2021. Despite the emergence of ASF in Malaysia, genetic information on this causative pathogen for the local livestock is still limited. This study aimed to genetically characterize the African swine fever virus (ASFV) responsible for the 2021 outbreak in Malaysia. The genome of the ASFV isolated during the first outbreak in Malaysia was analysed as ASFV/Sabah/Malaysia/1160/21 which has 190,594 base pairs, with a nitrogenous bases (GC) content of 40.33% and 195 predicted Open Reading Frames (ORF). The complete genome sequence was compared with other annotated ASFV genomes retrieved from database of National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) to obtain information based on target gene B646L, E183L, intergenic region (IGR) between I73R and I329L (IGRI73R-I329L), EP402R and B602L. The ASFV/Sabah/Malaysia/1160/21 genome had a high similarity percentage to the reference genome, Georgia 2007 and all Southeast Asian strains. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the ASFV strain belonged to genotype II, serogroup 8, CVR1 and showed high characteristics of IGR variant II based on IGRI73R-I329L. This study expands our understanding of genetic diversity and provides significant insights into the genomic characteristics and variation of ASFV strains that are circulating in Malaysia.
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