Displaying publications 561 - 580 of 5549 in total

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  1. Hughes K, Ong CN
    J Epidemiol Community Health, 1998 Mar;52(3):181-5.
    PMID: 9616423
    STUDY OBJECTIVE: To examine the hypothesis that the higher rates of coronary heart disease (CHD) in Indians (South Asians) compared with Malays and Chinese is partly because of differences in antioxidants (vitamins A, C, and E, and selenium) and pro-oxidants (iron).
    DESIGN: Cross sectional study of the general population.
    SETTING: Singapore.
    PARTICIPANTS: Random sample of 941 persons aged 30 to 69 years.
    MAIN RESULTS: There were moderate correlations between vitamin A and vitamin E, and between these vitamins and selenium. Mean plasma vitamins A and E were similar by ethnic group. Vitamin A concentration for Indians were (men 0.66 and women 0.51 mg/l), Malays (men 0.67 and women 0.54 mg/l), and Chinese (men 0.68 and women 0.52 mg/l). Vitamin E concentrations for Indians were (men 12.9 and women 12.8 mg/l), Malays (men 13.6 and women 13.3 mg/l), and Chinese (men 12.6 and women 12.6 mg/l). In contrast, mean plasma vitamin C concentrations were lower in Indians (men 5.7 and women 6.9 mg/l) and Malays (men 5.1 and women 6.4 mg/l) than Chinese (men 6.3 and women 8.4 mg/l). Mean serum selenium was lower in Indians (men 117 and women 115 micrograms/l) than Malays (men 122 and women 122 micrograms/l) and Chinese (men 126 and women 119 micrograms/l). Mean serum ferritin was much lower in Indians (men 132 and women 50 micrograms/l) than Malays (men 175 and women 85 micrograms/l) and Chinese (men 236 and women 92 micrograms/l).
    MAIN CONCLUSIONS: Lower vitamin C and selenium in Indians, particularly in combination, could play a part in their increased risk of CHD. Vitamins A and E, and ferritin (iron) have no such role. Lower vitamin C in Indians and Malays is probably because of its destruction by more prolonged cooking. In Indians, lower selenium is probably because of a lower dietary intake and the much lower ferritin to a lower dietary intake of iron and its binding by phytates.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ascorbic Acid/blood*; Ferritins/blood*; Selenium/blood*; Vitamin A/blood; Vitamin E/blood*
  2. Lopez JB, Sahabudin RM, Chin LP
    Int. J. Biol. Markers, 2004 Apr-Jun;19(2):164-7.
    PMID: 15255551
    Increased concentrations of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and decreased insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) in serum have been proposed as markers of prostate cancer (CaP). The evidence for this, however, is contradictory. We assayed serum for IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in patients with CaP and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and in healthy controls (HC). The mean +/- SD concentration of IGF-I in CaP (98.3 +/- 39.3 ng/mL; n = 15) was lower than in BPH (119 +/- 31.1 ng/mL; n=24) and HC (119 +/- 36.1 ng/mL; n=46), but the differences between the three groups were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The mean IGFBP-3 concentrations in CaP (2691 +/- 1105 ng/mL; n = 16; p = 0.029) and BPH (2618 +/- 816 ng/mL; n = 26; p = 0.006) patients were significantly lower than that of the HC (3119 +/- 618 ng/mL; n=59), but the difference between the two groups of patients was not significant (p > 0.05). PSA concentrations in CaP (median = 80.8 ng/mL; n = 25) were significantly higher than those in BPH (median = 8.6 ng/mL; n = 39) (p < 0.001). Ninety-six percent of CaP and 72% of BPH patients had PSA concentrations >4.0 ng/mL; the proportions of patients with concentrations exceeding 20 ng/mL were 76% and 10%, respectively. We conclude that IGF-I and IGFBP-3 are inferior to PSA for CaP detection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hyperplasia/blood; Prostatic Neoplasms/blood*; Biomarkers, Tumor/blood*; Prostate-Specific Antigen/blood*; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3/blood*
  3. Ng TK, Hassan K, Lim JB, Lye MS, Ishak R
    Am J Clin Nutr, 1991 04;53(4 Suppl):1015S-1020S.
    PMID: 2012009 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/53.4.1015S
    The effects on serum lipids of diets prepared with palm olein, corn oil, and coconut oil supplying approximately 75% of the fat calories were compared in three matched groups of healthy volunteers (61 males, 22 females, aged 20-34 y). Group I received a coconut-palm-coconut dietary sequence; group II, coconut-corn-coconut; and group III, coconut oil during all three 5-wk dietary periods. Compared with entry-level values, coconut oil raised the serum total cholesterol concentration greater than 10% in all three groups. Subsequent feeding of palm olein or corn oil significantly reduced the total cholesterol (-19%, -36%), the LDL cholesterol (-20%, -42%%) and the HDL cholesterol (-20%, -26%) concentrations, respectively. Whereas the entry level of the ratio of LDL to HDL was not appreciably altered by coconut oil, this ratio was decreased 8% by palm olein and 25% by corn oil. Serum triglycerides were unaffected during the palm-olein period but were significantly reduced during the corn-oil period.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cholesterol/blood*; Lipids/blood*; Cholesterol, HDL/blood; Cholesterol, LDL/blood; Triglycerides/blood
  4. Saha N, Wong HB
    Biol. Neonate, 1987;52(2):93-6.
    PMID: 3115319
    The mortality from coronary artery disease (CAD) in Indians is more than three times that in the Chinese and Malays of Singapore. Serum total and HDL cholesterol as well as apolipoprotein (Apo) AI, AII and B levels were determined in a group of 349 newborns (cord blood) from both sexes in these three ethnic groups in order to examine if a trend is reflected at birth. Both serum LDL cholesterol and Apo B levels were low in the newborn, while HDL cholesterol and Apo AII levels were almost the same as in adults. Serum Apo AI levels were also low in newborns. No consistent difference as to ethnic group or sex was observed in any of the parameters investigated, except that the females had significantly higher levels of serum Apo AI in all the ethnic groups. Serum total and HDL cholesterol levels in Singapore newborns were comparable to those reported in Caucasians and Asians. The trends of incidence of CAD were not reflected in the lipid profiles studied at birth.
    Matched MeSH terms: Apolipoproteins A/blood*; Apolipoproteins B/blood*; Cholesterol/blood; Infant, Newborn/blood*; Cholesterol, HDL/blood*
  5. Kamariah K, Satgunasingam N, Nasri NM, Ng KY
    Med J Malaysia, 1993 Mar;48(1):40-5.
    PMID: 7688063
    Eighty-nine patients who had hydatidiform moles evacuated at the General Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, were followed with serum beta hCG determinations from October 1988 to June 1991. A regression curve for serum beta hCG, as measured by RIA, was derived from the results of 47 of the patients who demonstrated spontaneous regression of serum beta hCG titres. All 47 patients had normal serum titres at 135 days after evacuation. The mean time taken to reach normal level was 82.6 days, while the range was 39 to 135 days (5 to 19 weeks).
    Matched MeSH terms: Chorionic Gonadotropin/blood*; Hydatidiform Mole/blood*; Peptide Fragments/blood*; Biomarkers, Tumor/blood*; Uterine Neoplasms/blood*
  6. Nazaimoon WM, Ng ML, Satgunasingam N, Khalid BA
    Med J Malaysia, 1992 Jun;47(2):103-9.
    PMID: 1494329
    Growth hormone (GH) levels were measured after a 75g oral glucose load (OGTT) in normal adults, patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and acromegaly. Nadir GH levels at 2-hour post-OGTT in normal subjects ranged from 0.4 to 8.4 mIU/L, the 95% confidence interval being 0.4-4.4 mIU/L. In IGT and IDDM subjects basal fasting GH levels were not significantly different from normal and did not alter during OGTT. The high fasting GH level measured in one each of the IGT and IDDM patients was suppressible at 1-hour after glucose intake. In contrast, acromegalic patients had elevated fasting GH levels (11.8-178 mIU/L) although in 3 patients, the levels were mildly elevated and overlapped with normal. OGTT failed or only partially suppressed GH secretion in all acromegalics. Therefore, elevated fasting GH levels are not diagnostic and OGTT is required for accurate diagnosis and assessment of treatment of acromegalic patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acromegaly/blood; Blood Glucose/metabolism; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/blood; Growth Hormone/blood
  7. Abdullah R
    PMID: 3282374
    Nephrotic syndrome is often associated with a hypercoagulable state and thrombotic complications. Thrombosis may be due to a number of abnormalities in blood, including AT III deficiency, increased concentrations of fibrinogen, factors V and VIII, and platelet hyperaggregability. The therapeutic approach to thrombosis in nephrotic syndrome is the use of anticoagulants as a preventive measure or an attempt at thrombolysis with streptokinase, urokinase, or stanozolol.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Coagulation Factors/physiology; Blood Platelets/physiology; Nephrotic Syndrome/blood
  8. Lopez CG
    PMID: 524138
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Banks/organization & administration; Blood Donors; Blood Group Antigens; Blood Transfusion*
  9. Law GR, Gilthorpe MS, Secher AL, Temple R, Bilous R, Mathiesen ER, et al.
    Diabetologia, 2017 04;60(4):618-624.
    PMID: 28105519 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4205-7
    AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: This study aimed to examine the relationship between average glucose levels, assessed by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), and HbA1clevels in pregnant women with diabetes to determine whether calculations of standard estimated average glucose (eAG) levels from HbA1c measurements are applicable to pregnant women with diabetes.
    METHODS: CGM data from 117 pregnant women (89 women with type 1 diabetes; 28 women with type 2 diabetes) were analysed. Average glucose levels were calculated from 5-7 day CGM profiles (mean 1275 glucose values per profile) and paired with a corresponding (±1 week) HbA1c measure. In total, 688 average glucose-HbA1c pairs were obtained across pregnancy (mean six pairs per participant). Average glucose level was used as the dependent variable in a regression model. Covariates were gestational week, study centre and HbA1c.
    RESULTS: There was a strong association between HbA1c and average glucose values in pregnancy (coefficient 0.67 [95% CI 0.57, 0.78]), i.e. a 1% (11 mmol/mol) difference in HbA1c corresponded to a 0.67 mmol/l difference in average glucose. The random effects model that included gestational week as a curvilinear (quadratic) covariate fitted best, allowing calculation of a pregnancy-specific eAG (PeAG). This showed that an HbA1c of 8.0% (64 mmol/mol) gave a PeAG of 7.4-7.7 mmol/l (depending on gestational week), compared with a standard eAG of 10.2 mmol/l. The PeAG associated with maintaining an HbA1c level of 6.0% (42 mmol/mol) during pregnancy was between 6.4 and 6.7 mmol/l, depending on gestational week.
    CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: The HbA1c-average glucose relationship is altered by pregnancy. Routinely generated standard eAG values do not account for this difference between pregnant and non-pregnant individuals and, thus, should not be used during pregnancy. Instead, the PeAG values deduced in the current study are recommended for antenatal clinical care.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose/metabolism*; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/blood*; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood*; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring
  10. Chong YH, Khoo KL
    Clin Chim Acta, 1975 Nov 15;65(1):143-8.
    PMID: 172262 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(75)90346-0
    Matched MeSH terms: Cholesterol/blood*; Hypercholesterolemia/blood; Hyperlipidemias/blood; Lipoproteins, LDL/blood*; Triglycerides/blood*
  11. Burns-Cox CJ, Chong YH, Gillman R
    Br Heart J, 1972 Sep;34(9):953-8.
    PMID: 4116420
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure; Cholesterol/blood; Lipids/blood; Transketolase/blood; Triglycerides/blood
  12. Suhaimi MZ, Sanip Z, Jan HJ, Yusoff HM
    Ann Saudi Med, 2016;36(6):404-408.
    PMID: 27920412
    BACKGROUND: Exposure to nicotine via tobacco smoking may influence leptin release and decrease food intake among smokers. However, the effect of nicotine exposure on leptin and food intake among different nicotine dependent groups is unclear.

    OBJECTIVE: We aimed to measure leptin and calorie intake among different nicotine dependent groups.

    DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.

    SETTING: Research department in school of medical sciences.

    PATIENTS AND METHODS: Subjects were selected by purposive (non-probability) sampling and categorized as having low, moderate and high nicotine dependency based on the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) score. Diet was recorded by interview. Anthropometry, blood pressure, body composition, lipid profile, and physical activity level were measured accordingly. Fasting serum leptin was measured using a commercial ELISA kit.

    MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Nicotine dependency, 24-hour diet, clinical anthropometric and clinical measurements.

    RESULTS: In 107 Malay male smokers leptin concentration was inversely correlated with nicotine dependence. However, body weight, smoking period, blood pressure, body composition, lipid profile and physical activity level were not significantly different among low, moderately and highly dependent smoking groups. Leptin concentration and total calorie intake were also not significantly different among these groups.

    CONCLUSION: Leptin concentration was inversely correlated with nicotine dependence, but leptin concentration and total calorie intake status were not significantly different among our different nicotine dependency subjects.

    LIMITATIONS: Purposive sampling for subject recruitment and inaccurate information in the self-administered questionnaire.

    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure; Lipids/blood; Smoking/blood; Tobacco Use Disorder/blood*; Leptin/blood
  13. Yapp JH, Kamil R, Rozi M, Mohtarrudin N, Loqman MY, Ezamin AR, et al.
    J Tissue Viability, 2017 Aug;26(3):196-201.
    PMID: 28438463 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtv.2017.03.002
    Tissue recovery is important in preventing tissue deterioration, which is induced by pressure and may lead to pressure ulcers (PU). Reactive hyperaemia (RH) is an indicator used to identify people at risk of PU. In this study, the effect of different recovery times on RH trend is investigated during repetitive loading. Twenty-one male Sprague-Dawley rats (seven per group), with body weight of 385-485 g, were categorised into three groups and subjected to different recovery times with three repetitive loading cycles. The first, second, and third groups were subjected to short (3 min), moderate (10 min), and prolonged (40 min) recovery, respectively, while fixed loading time and pressure (10 min and 50 mmHg, respectively). Peak hyperaemia was measured in the three cycles to determine trends associated with different recovery times. Three RH trends (increasing, decreasing, and inconsistent) were observed. As the recovery time is increased (3 min vs. 10 min vs. 40 min), the number of samples with increasing RH trend decreases (57% vs. 29% vs. 14%) and the number of samples with inconsistent RH trend increases (29% vs. 57% vs. 72%). All groups consists of one sample with decreasing RH trend (14%). Results confirm that different recovery times affect the RH trend during repetitive loading. The RH trend may be used to determine the sufficient recovery time of an individual to avoid PU development.
    Matched MeSH terms: Regional Blood Flow/physiology*; Skin/blood supply*; Rats, Sprague-Dawley/blood
  14. Seow HF, Mahomed NM, Mak JW, Riddell MA, Li F, Anderson DA
    J Med Virol, 1999 Oct;59(2):164-8.
    PMID: 10459151
    The prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis E virus (HEV) has been examined in many countries, but such studies have generally been limited to majority populations such as those represented in healthy blood donors or cross sections of urban populations. Due to its major route of enteric transmission, large differences in HEV prevalence might be expected between populations in the same country but with different living conditions. Using an ELISA based on GST-ORF2.1 antigen, the prevalence of IgG-class antibodies to HEV was examined in three distinct populations in Malaysia: the normal (urban) blood donor population and two aboriginal communities located at Betau, Pahang and Parit Tanjung, Perak. IgG anti-HEV was detected in 45 (44%) of 102 samples from Betau and 15 (50%) of 30 samples from Parit Tanjung, compared to only 2 (2%) of 100 normal blood donors. The distribution of sample ELISA reactivities was also consistent with ongoing sporadic infection in the aboriginal communities, while there was no significant relationship between HEV exposure and age, sex, or malaria infection. The high prevalence of antibodies to HEV in the two aboriginal communities indicates that this group of people are at high risk of exposure to HEV compared to the general blood donors, and the results suggest that studies of HEV seroprevalence within countries must take into account the possibility of widely varying infection rates between populations with marked differences in living conditions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Viral/blood*; Blood Donors*; Immunoglobulin G/blood*; Hepatitis E/blood
  15. Ismail NM, Jaarin K, Vasudevan SK, Hashim S
    Pharmacol. Toxicol., 1995 Jul;77(1):10-5.
    PMID: 8532606
    Nicardipine has been shown to have an anti-atherogenic effect in rabbits given a 2% cholesterol diet. Current evidence suggests that lipid peroxidation plays an important role in atherogenesis. This study examines the effect of nicardipine on lipid peroxidation in rabbits given a 2% cholesterol diet, 8 of these rabbits given nicardipine 0.5 mg/kg twice daily intramuscularly for ten weeks while the remaining untreated 6 were controls. After ten weeks, serum malondialdehyde in the control group was significantly higher compared to their baseline levels (P < 0.05). However, there was no increase in serum malondialdehyde in the nicardipine group after 10 weeks. The area of Sudan IV positive intimal lesions (atherosclerotic plaques) were significantly decreased (P < 0.01) in the treated group compared to the control group. The aortic tissue content of cholesterol and diene conjugates were also decreased in the nicardipine group (P < 0.01). These findings suggest a possible link between nicardipine and lipid peroxidation in mediating its antiatherogenic effects.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure/drug effects; Cholesterol/blood; Lipoproteins, LDL/blood; Malondialdehyde/blood
  16. Tan TYC, Lim XY, Yeo JHH, Lee SWH, Lai NM
    Nutrients, 2021 Aug 24;13(9).
    PMID: 34578786 DOI: 10.3390/nu13092909
    Chocolate has a history of human consumption tracing back to 400 AD and is rich in polyphenols such as catechins, anthocyanidins, and pro anthocyanidins. As chocolate and cocoa product consumption, along with interest in them as functional foods, increases worldwide, there is a need to systematically and critically appraise the available clinical evidence on their health effects. A systematic search was conducted on electronic databases such as MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) using a search strategy and keywords. Among the many health effects assessed on several outcomes (including skin, cardiovascular, anthropometric, cognitive, and quality of life), we found that compared to controls, chocolate or cocoa product consumption significantly improved lipid profiles (triglycerides), while the effects of chocolate on all other outcome parameters were not significantly different. In conclusion, low-to-moderate-quality evidence with short duration of research (majority 4-6 weeks) showed no significant difference between the effects of chocolate and control groups on parameters related to skin, blood pressure, lipid profile, cognitive function, anthropometry, blood glucose, and quality of life regardless of form, dose, and duration among healthy individuals. It was generally well accepted by study subjects, with gastrointestinal disturbances and unpalatability being the most reported concerns.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose/analysis; Blood Pressure/drug effects; Triglycerides/blood
  17. Tan PC, Soe MZ, Si Lay K, Wang SM, Sekaran SD, Omar SZ
    PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2012;6(5):e1637.
    PMID: 22590658 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001637
    Dengue is the most prevalent mosquito borne infection worldwide. Vertical transmissions after maternal dengue infection to the fetus and pregnancy losses in relation to dengue illness have been reported. The relationship of dengue to miscarriage is not known.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Viral/blood; Antigens, Viral/blood; Immunoglobulin G/blood; Immunoglobulin M/blood; Viral Nonstructural Proteins/blood
  18. Tan PC, Aziz AZ, Ismail IS, Omar SZ
    Clin Biochem, 2012 Oct;45(15):1192-6.
    PMID: 22659058 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2012.05.025
    OBJECTIVES: To evaluate gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), alanine transaminases (ALT) and aspartate transaminases (AST) levels and prevalent gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
    DESIGN AND METHODS: Random plasma glucose, GGT, ALT and AST and the 50-g glucose challenge test were done on antenatal women followed by diagnostic 3-point 75-g oral glucose tolerance test within two weeks. GDM was diagnosed by ADA (2011) criteria.
    RESULTS: The GDM rate was 12.2% (319/2610). Mean GGT level was higher in GDM women, 18 ± 12 vs. 16 ± 11 IU/L; P=0.03. The risk for GDM was higher for women in the highest GGT quartile band compared to the lowest: RR 1.35 95%CI 1.0-1.8; P=0.04. However, after adjustment for confounders, GGT was no longer associated with GDM. There was no correlation between ALT and AST levels and GDM.
    CONCLUSIONS: Liver transaminases do not predict GDM in contrast to type 2 diabetes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Alanine Transaminase/blood*; Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood*; gamma-Glutamyltransferase/blood*; Biomarkers/blood; Diabetes, Gestational/blood*
  19. Wei LK, Menon S, Griffiths LR, Gan SH
    J Hum Hypertens, 2015 Feb;29(2):99-104.
    PMID: 25055800 DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2014.53
    Irregular atrial pressure, defective folate and cholesterol metabolism contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertension. However, little is known about the combined roles of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), apolipoprotein-E (ApoE) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) genes, which are involved in metabolism and homeostasis. The objective of this study is to investigate the association of the MTHFR 677 C>T and 1298A>C, ACE insertion-deletion (I/D) and ApoE genetic polymorphisms with hypertension and to further explore the epistasis interactions that are involved in these mechanisms. A total of 594 subjects, including 348 normotensive and 246 hypertensive ischemic stroke subjects were recruited. The MTHFR 677 C>T and 1298A>C, ACE I/D and ApoEpolymorphisms were genotyped and the epistasis interaction were analyzed. The MTHFR 677 C>T and ApoE polymorphisms demonstrated significant associations with susceptibility to hypertension in multiple logistic regression models, multifactor dimensionality reduction and a classification and regression tree. In addition, the logistic regression model demonstrated that significant interactions between the ApoE E3E3, E2E4, E2E2 and MTHFR 677 C>T polymorphisms existed. In conclusion, the results of this epistasis study indicated significant association between the ApoE and MTHFR polymorphisms and hypertension.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure/genetics; Cholesterol/blood; Folic Acid/blood; Hypertension/blood
  20. Loy SL, KNS S, JM HJ
    Prev Med, 2013;57 Suppl:S41-4.
    PMID: 23219759 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.11.021
    This study aimed to evaluate changes in maternal adiposity and lipid profile and to correlate these parameters with Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels among pregnant women.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cholesterol/blood; Lipids/blood*; Cholesterol, LDL/blood; Pregnancy Trimesters/blood; Triglycerides/blood
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