Displaying publications 41 - 52 of 52 in total

Abstract:
Sort:
  1. Fulltext Evaluation of decellularization process for developing osteogenic bovine cancellous bone scaffolds in-vitro
    Al Qabbani A, Rani KGA, Syarif J, AlKawas S, Sheikh Abdul Hamid S, Samsudin AR, et al.
    PLoS One, 2023;18(4):e0283922.
    PMID: 37018321 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283922
    Current immunological issues in bone grafting regarding the transfer of xenogeneic donor bone cells into the recipient are challenging the industry to produce safer acellular natural matrices for bone regeneration. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of a novel decellularization technique for producing bovine cancellous bone scaffold and compare its physicochemical, mechanical, and biological characteristics with demineralized cancellous bone scaffold in an in-vitro study. Cancellous bone blocks were harvested from a bovine femoral head (18-24 months old) subjected to physical cleansing and chemical defatting, and further processed in two ways. Group I was subjected to demineralization, while Group II underwent decellularization through physical, chemical, and enzymatic treatments. Both were then freeze-dried, and gamma radiated, finally producing a demineralized bovine cancellous bone (DMB) scaffold and decellularized bovine cancellous bone (DCC) scaffold. Both DMB and DCC scaffolds were subjected to histological evaluation, scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), quantification of lipid, collagen, and residual nucleic acid content, and mechanical testing. The osteogenic potential was investigated through the recellularization of scaffolds with human osteoblast cell seeding and examined for cell attachment, proliferation, and mineralization by Alizarin staining and gene expression. DCC produced a complete acellular extracellular matrix (ECM) with the absence of nucleic acid content, wider pores with extensive interconnectivity and partially retaining collagen fibrils. DCC demonstrated a higher cell proliferation rate, upregulation of osteogenic differentiation markers, and substantial mineralized nodules production. Our findings suggest that the decellularization technique produced an acellular DCC scaffold with minimal damage to ECM and possesses osteogenic potential through the mechanisms of osteoconduction, osteoinduction, and osteogenesis in-vitro.
  2. Differentiation of osteoblasts: the links between essential transcription factors
    Khotib J, Marhaeny HD, Miatmoko A, Budiatin AS, Ardianto C, Rahmadi M, et al.
    J Biomol Struct Dyn, 2023 Nov;41(19):10257-10276.
    PMID: 36420663 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2148749
    Osteoblasts, cells derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the bone marrow, are cells responsible for bone formation and remodeling. The differentiation of osteoblasts from MSCs is triggered by the expression of specific genes, which are subsequently controlled by pro-osteogenic pathways. Mature osteoblasts then differentiate into osteocytes and are embedded in the bone matrix. Dysregulation of osteoblast function can cause inadequate bone formation, which leads to the development of bone disease. Various key molecules are involved in the regulation of osteoblastogenesis, which are transcription factors. Previous studies have heavily examined the role of factors that control gene expression during osteoblastogenesis, both in vitro and in vivo. However, the systematic relationship of these transcription factors remains unknown. The involvement of ncRNAs in this mechanism, particularly miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs, has been shown to influence transcriptional factor activity in the regulation of osteoblast differentiation. Here, we discuss nine essential transcription factors involved in osteoblast differentiation, including Runx2, Osx, Dlx5, β-catenin, ATF4, Ihh, Satb2, and Shn3. In addition, we summarize the role of ncRNAs and their relationship to these essential transcription factors in order to improve our understanding of the transcriptional regulation of osteoblast differentiation. Adequate exploration and understanding of the molecular mechanisms of osteoblastogenesis can be a critical strategy in the development of therapies for bone-related diseases.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
  3. Fulltext PEGylated liposomes enhance the effect of cytotoxic drug: A review
    Taher M, Susanti D, Haris MS, Rushdan AA, Widodo RT, Syukri Y, et al.
    Heliyon, 2023 Mar;9(3):e13823.
    PMID: 36873538 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13823
    Cancer is a second leading disease-causing death worldwide that will continuously grow as much as 70% in the next 20 years. Chemotherapy is still becoming a choice for cancer treatment despite its severity of side effects and low success rate due to ineffective delivery of the chemodrugs. Since it was introduced in 1960, significant progress has been achieved in the use of liposomes in drug delivery. The study aims to review relevant literatures on role of PEGylated liposome in enhancing cytotoxic activity of several agents. A systematic literature on the use of PEGylated liposomes in anticancer research via Scopus, Google scholar and PubMed databases was conducted for studies published from 2000 to 2022. A total of 15 articles were selected and reviewed from 312 articles identified covering a variety of anticancer treatments by using PEGylated liposomes. PEGylated liposome which is purposed to achieve steric equilibrium is one of enhanced strategies to deliver anticancer drugs. It has been shown that some improvement of delivery and protection form a harsh gastric environment of several anticancer drugs when they are formulated in a PEGylated liposome. One of the successful drugs that has been clinically used is Doxil®, followed by some other drugs in the pipeline Various drugs (compounds) had been used to enhance the efficacy of PEGylated liposomes for targeted cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, PEGylated liposomes enhance drug activities and have great potential to become efficient anticancer delivery to follow Doxil® in the clinical setting.
  4. Fulltext Diamine-Crosslinked and Blended Polyimide Membranes: An Emerging Strategy in Enhancing H2/CO2 Separation
    Mohd Amin NH, Junaidi MUM, Amir Z, Hashim NA, Hizaddin HF, Ahmad AL, et al.
    Polymers (Basel), 2025 Feb 25;17(5).
    PMID: 40076108 DOI: 10.3390/polym17050615
    The increasing demand for high-purity hydrogen (H2) as renewable energy sources is driving advancements in membrane technology, which is essential for achieving efficient gas separation. Polyimide (PI) membranes have become an emerging option for H2/CO2 separation due to its excellent thermal stability and stability under harsh conditions. However, the neat PI membrane suffers performance loss due to CO2 plasticization effect and an encountered trade-off limit between permeability and selectivity. Therefore, membrane modification by crosslinking and blending emerged as a recent strategy to enhance the membrane's performance and properties. This paper provides: (1) An overview of the possible method to do the modification in PI membranes, including the advantages and challenges of the membrane modification types; (2) As blending and crosslinking is the most popular modification for the PI membrane, their roles in enhancing membrane properties for improved H2/CO2 separation are discussed; (3) The critical parameters of the blending and crosslinking processes are also clarified for the optimal purification process; (4) The future outlook for H2/CO2 separation using membrane technology is discussed, aiming to provide commercialization strategy for optimal H2/CO2 separation. Thus, this review could provide guidelines for the readers to implement changes that significantly enhance the membrane's features for high-purity H2 production.
  5. Fulltext The integration of 21st century skills in the curriculum of education
    Herlinawati H, Marwa M, Ismail N, Junaidi, Liza LO, Situmorang DDB
    Heliyon, 2024 Aug 15;10(15):e35148.
    PMID: 39170322 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35148
    The premise of this study, utilizing content analysis and descriptive qualitative designs, posited that teachers' comprehension of 21st-century/4Cs skills' could define the caliber of educational materials in higher education institutions. The study aimed to ascertain how 21st-century skills were incorporated in teachers' term evaluations and instructional plans, and to explore teachers' understanding of these skills. From 2022 to 2023, this research was carried out at the Faculty of Education in one university in Indonesia. There were 54 documents collected, which included 27 teachers' term evaluations and 27 instructional plans. Four teachers were interviewed to collect information related to their 4Cs competencies' familiarity, opinions, and the challenges of the 4Cs competencies integration. To evaluate the collected documents, this study utilized the Career Technical Education (CTE) Career Ready Practices checklist, a 21st-Century Skills/4Cs rubric encompassing "Communication," "Creativity," "Critical Thinking," and "Collaboration." The research indicated that teachers' term evaluations and instructional plans have incorporated 4C skills in the categories of "Not yet reached competency" and "Approaching competency." The research suggests that teachers' understanding of 4Cs competencies can be initially assessed through their instructional materials, 4Cs competencies, familiarity, positive opinions, and challenges. Teachers must have familiarity with 4Cs competencies in order to provide these skills in their instructional materials/plans and develop teaching with the 4Cs competencies. A multifaceted strategy is needed for the next research, including focused professional development, collaboration among educators, institutional leaders' support, and alignment with larger educational priorities and goals.
  6. Fulltext Role of imaging in managing lateral trocar site incisional hernia after abdominoperineal resection
    Aimanan K, Mohd Nor MR, Ling W, Che Ghazali K, Ahmad Hamidi AJ, Hayati F, et al.
    Radiol Case Rep, 2021 Nov;16(11):3457-3460.
    PMID: 34527123 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2021.08.031
    Trocar site incisional hernia (TSIH) is an unpleasant complication of laparoscopic surgery. A 70-year-old male with low rectal carcinoma underwent a laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection after completion of neoadjuvant radiotherapy. The postoperative recovery was smooth; however, he developed abdominal distension and pain over the previous drain site after removal on day 3. In view of diagnostic ambiguity, an imaging tool was requested as an adjunct to further management. Computed tomography of the abdomen showed small bowel obstruction secondary to herniated ileal loops passing through the right iliac fossa anterior abdominal wall defect at the previous drainage site. An exploration was made and the rectus defect was closed using a non-absorbable suture.
  7. Fulltext A deep crowd density classification model for Hajj pilgrimage using fully convolutional neural network
    Bhuiyan MR, Abdullah J, Hashim N, Al Farid F, Ahsanul Haque M, Uddin J, et al.
    PeerJ Comput Sci, 2022;8:e895.
    PMID: 35494812 DOI: 10.7717/peerj-cs.895
    This research enhances crowd analysis by focusing on excessive crowd analysis and crowd density predictions for Hajj and Umrah pilgrimages. Crowd analysis usually analyzes the number of objects within an image or a frame in the videos and is regularly solved by estimating the density generated from the object location annotations. However, it suffers from low accuracy when the crowd is far away from the surveillance camera. This research proposes an approach to overcome the problem of estimating crowd density taken by a surveillance camera at a distance. The proposed approach employs a fully convolutional neural network (FCNN)-based method to monitor crowd analysis, especially for the classification of crowd density. This study aims to address the current technological challenges faced in video analysis in a scenario where the movement of large numbers of pilgrims with densities ranging between 7 and 8 per square meter. To address this challenge, this study aims to develop a new dataset based on the Hajj pilgrimage scenario. To validate the proposed method, the proposed model is compared with existing models using existing datasets. The proposed FCNN based method achieved a final accuracy of 100%, 98%, and 98.16% on the proposed dataset, the UCSD dataset, and the JHU-CROWD dataset, respectively. Additionally, The ResNet based method obtained final accuracy of 97%, 89%, and 97% for the proposed dataset, UCSD dataset, and JHU-CROWD dataset, respectively. The proposed Hajj-Crowd-2021 crowd analysis dataset and the model outperformed the other state-of-the-art datasets and models in most cases.
  8. Immunogenicity of monoclonal antibody: Causes, consequences, and control strategies
    Asmani AZA, Zainuddin AFF, Azmi Murad NA, Mohd Darwis NH, Suhaimi NS, Zaini E, et al.
    Pathol Res Pract, 2024 Nov;263:155627.
    PMID: 39357185 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155627
    Antibody-based treatment was first used in 1891 for the treatment of diphtheria. Since then, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been developed to treat many diseases such as cancer and act as vaccines. However, murine-derived therapeutic mAbs were found to be highly immunogenic, and caused anti-drug antibodies (ADAs) reaction, reducing their efficacy and causing severe infusion reactions. Fully human, humanised, and chimeric antibodies were then introduced for better therapeutic efficacy. With the introduction of immune response associated with mAbs immunogenicity. This review explores the immunogenicity of mAbs, its mechanism, contributing factors, and its impact on therapeutic efficacy. It also discusses immunogenicity assessment for preclinical studies and strategies for minimising immunogenicity for effective therapeutic treatment in various diseases. Finally, predicting immunogenicity in drug development is essential for selecting top drug candidates. A lot of methods can be implemented by the researchers and developers to reduce the development of ADAs while simultaneously minimising the immunogenicity reaction of mAbs.
  9. Fulltext Emergence of mRNA vaccines in the management of cancer
    Mohamad Razif MI, Nizar N, Zainal Abidin NH, Muhammad Ali SN, Wan Zarimi WNN, Khotib J, et al.
    Expert Rev Vaccines, 2023;22(1):629-642.
    PMID: 37401128 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2023.2232450
    INTRODUCTION: mRNA vaccines have been developed as a promising cancer management. It is noted that specification of the antigen sequence of the target antigen is necessary for the design and manufacture of an mRNA vaccine.

    AREAS COVERED: The steps involved in preparing the mRNA-based cancer vaccines are isolation of the mRNA cancer from the target protein using the nucleic acid RNA-based vaccine, sequence construction to prepare the DNA template, in vitro transcription for protein translation from DNA into mRNA strand, 5' cap addition and poly(A) tailing to stabilize and protect the mRNA from degradation and purification process to remove contaminants produced during preparation.

    EXPERT OPINION: Lipid nanoparticles, lipid/protamine/mRNA nanoparticles, and cell-penetrating peptides have been used to formulate mRNA vaccine and to ensure vaccine stability and delivery to the target site. Delivery of the vaccine to the target site will trigger adaptive and innate immune responses. Two predominant factors of the development of mRNA-based cancer vaccines are intrinsic influence and external influence. In addition, research relating to the dosage, route of administration, and cancer antigen types have been observed to positively impact the development of mRNA vaccine.

  10. Fulltext Profiling the Antidiabetic Potential of Compounds Identified from Fractionated Extracts of Entada africana toward Glucokinase Stimulation: Computational Insight
    Onikanni SA, Lawal B, Munyembaraga V, Bakare OS, Taher M, Khotib J, et al.
    Molecules, 2023 Jul 30;28(15).
    PMID: 37570723 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155752
    Glucokinase plays an important role in regulating the blood glucose level and serves as an essential therapeutic target in type 2 diabetes management. Entada africana is a medicinal plant and highly rich source of bioactive ligands with the potency to develop new target drugs for glucokinase such as diabetes and obesity. Therefore, the study explored a computational approach to predict identified compounds from Entada africana following its intermolecular interactions with the allosteric binding site of the enzymes. We retrieved the three-dimensional (3D) crystal structure of glucokinase (PDB ID: 4L3Q) from the online protein data bank and prepared it using the Maestro 13.5, Schrödinger Suite 2022-3. The compounds identified were subjected to ADME, docking analysis, pharmacophore modeling, and molecular simulation. The results show the binding potential of the identified ligands to the amino acid residues, thereby suggesting an interaction of the amino acids with the ligand at the binding site of the glucokinase activator through conventional chemical bonds such as hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. The compatibility of the molecules was highly observed when compared with the standard ligand, thereby leading to structural and functional changes. Therefore, the bioactive components from Entada africana could be a good driver of glucokinase, thereby paving the way for the discovery of therapeutic drugs for the treatment of diabetes and its related complications.
  11. Fulltext Challenges issues and future recommendations of deep learning techniques for SARS-CoV-2 detection utilising X-ray and CT images: a comprehensive review
    Islam MS, Al Farid F, Shamrat FMJM, Islam MN, Rashid M, Bari BS, et al.
    PeerJ Comput Sci, 2024;10:e2517.
    PMID: 39896401 DOI: 10.7717/peerj-cs.2517
    The global spread of SARS-CoV-2 has prompted a crucial need for accurate medical diagnosis, particularly in the respiratory system. Current diagnostic methods heavily rely on imaging techniques like CT scans and X-rays, but identifying SARS-CoV-2 in these images proves to be challenging and time-consuming. In this context, artificial intelligence (AI) models, specifically deep learning (DL) networks, emerge as a promising solution in medical image analysis. This article provides a meticulous and comprehensive review of imaging-based SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis using deep learning techniques up to May 2024. This article starts with an overview of imaging-based SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis, covering the basic steps of deep learning-based SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis, SARS-CoV-2 data sources, data pre-processing methods, the taxonomy of deep learning techniques, findings, research gaps and performance evaluation. We also focus on addressing current privacy issues, limitations, and challenges in the realm of SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis. According to the taxonomy, each deep learning model is discussed, encompassing its core functionality and a critical assessment of its suitability for imaging-based SARS-CoV-2 detection. A comparative analysis is included by summarizing all relevant studies to provide an overall visualization. Considering the challenges of identifying the best deep-learning model for imaging-based SARS-CoV-2 detection, the article conducts an experiment with twelve contemporary deep-learning techniques. The experimental result shows that the MobileNetV3 model outperforms other deep learning models with an accuracy of 98.11%. Finally, the article elaborates on the current challenges in deep learning-based SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis and explores potential future directions and methodological recommendations for research and advancement.
  12. Shrimp allergen extract immunotherapy induces prolonged immune tolerance in a gastro-food allergy mouse model
    Marhaeny HD, Rohmah L, Pratama YA, Kasatu SM, Miatmoko A, Addimaysqi R, et al.
    PLoS One, 2024;19(12):e0315312.
    PMID: 39729447 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0315312
    Food allergies are a global health problem that continues to grow annually, with a prevalence of more than 10%. Shrimp allergy is the most common and life-threatening allergy. There is no cure for food allergies, but shrimp allergen extract (SAE) offers promise as a treatment through allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT). However, whether SAE induces immunological tolerance in seafood allergies remains to be established. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of SAE in inducing immunological tolerance in a gastro-food allergy mouse model. For the immunotherapy evaluation, mice (n = 24) were intraperitoneally (i.p.) sensitized with 1 mg alum and 100 μg SAE in PBS on days 0, 7, and 14 and randomly divided into four groups of six: a negative control (NC) and high- to low-dose immunotherapy (HI, MI, and LI). The untreated group (n = 6) only received 1 mg alum in PBS (i.p.). All groups were challenged with 400 μg SAE (i.g.) on days 21, 22, 23, 53, and 58. Following the challenge, SAE-sensitized mice from the immunotherapy group were treated (i.p.) with 10 μg SAE for LI, 50 μg SAE for MI, and 100 μg SAE for HI on days 32, 39, and 46. The untreated and NC groups only received PBS (i.p.). All mice were euthanized on day 59. As the results, we found that SAE immunotherapy reduced systemic allergy symptom scores, serum IL-4 levels, IL-4 and FcεR1α mRNA relative expression, and mast cell degranulation in ileum tissue in allergic mice while increasing Foxp3 and IL-10 mRNA relative expression. Notably, we observed an increased ratio of IL-10 to IL-4 mRNA expression, demonstrating the efficacy of SAE immunotherapy in promoting desensitization. Thus, SAE can be developed as an immunotherapeutic agent for food allergies by inducing prolonged allergy tolerance with a wide range of allergen targets.
Related Terms
    Try searching for something
Filters
Contact Us

Please provide feedback to Administrator (afdal@afpm.org.my)

External Links