Displaying publications 41 - 60 of 1366 in total

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  1. Gene, ethnic and gender influences predisposition of adverse drug reactions to artesunate among Malaysians
    Yusof W, Hua GS
    Toxicol. Mech. Methods, 2012 Apr;22(3):184-92.
    PMID: 22003869 DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2011.623331
    Artesunate (AS) and amodiaquine (AQ) are two prodrugs widely used as antimalarial agents and are metabolized by the CYP P450 2A6 (CYP 2A6) and CYP P450 2C8 (CYP 2C8) enzymes, respectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group/genetics*
  2. Molecular analysis of HLA Class I and Class II genes in four indigenous Malaysian populations
    Jinam TA, Saitou N, Edo J, Mahmood A, Phipps ME
    Tissue Antigens, 2010 Feb;75(2):151-8.
    PMID: 20003135 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2009.01417.x
    This is the first report of high-resolution human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing in four indigenous groups in Malaysia. A total of 99 normal, healthy participants representing the Negrito (Jehai and Kensiu), Proto-Malay (Temuan) and a native group of Borneo (Bidayuh) were typed for HLA-A, -B, -DRB1 and -DQB1 genes using sequence-based typing. Eleven HLA-A, 26 HLA-B, 16 HLA-DRB1 and 14 HLA-DQB1 alleles were detected, including a new allele, HLA-B*3589 in the Jehai. Highly frequent alleles were A*2407, B*1513, B*1801, DRB1*0901, DRB1*1202, DRB1*1502, DQB1*0303 and DQB1*0502. Principal component analysis based on high-resolution HLA-A, -B and -DRB1 allele frequencies showed close affinities among all four groups, including the Negritos, with other Southeast Asian populations. These results showed the scope of HLA diversity in these indigenous minority groups and may prove beneficial for future disease association, anthropological and forensic studies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group/genetics*
  3. HLA polymorphism in three indigenous populations of Sabah and Sarawak
    Dhaliwal JS, Shahnaz M, Azrena A, Irda YA, Salawati M, Too CL, et al.
    Tissue Antigens, 2010 Feb;75(2):166-9.
    PMID: 20196825 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2009.01410.x
    One hundred and fifty-eight Kadazan, Iban and Bidayuh individuals registered with the Malaysian Marrow Donor Registry were typed for human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A, HLA-B and HLA-DR. Six, seven and eight HLA-A alleles as well as 13, 15 and 16 HLA-B alleles were detected in the Kadazan, Bidayuh and Iban, respectively. The most common HLA-A allele in all three groups was HLA-A*24 with a frequency of 0.456, 0.490 and 0.422 in the Kadazan, Bidayuh and Iban, respectively. The most common HLA-B allele detected in the Kadazan was HLA-B*40 with a frequency of 0.333; for the Bidayuh and the Iban it was HLA-B*15 with a frequency of 0.460 and 0.275, respectively. The HLA-DR allele with the highest frequency in the Kadazan was HLA-DR*1502 with a frequency of 0.500. In the Iban and the Bidayuh, HLA-DRB1*1202 was the most common DR allele with frequencies of 0.235 and 0.310, respectively. The two most common haplotypes for the Kadazan are A*34-B*38-DR*1502 and A*24-B*40-DR*0405, whereas for the Bidayuh they are A*24-B*15-DR*1602 and A*24-B*35-DR*1202 and for the Iban they are A*34-*B15-DR*1502 and A*24-B*15-DR*1202.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group/genetics*
  4. A new HLA-B*35 allele, B*3589, detected in a Malaysian individual
    Phipps M, Jinam T
    Tissue Antigens, 2009 Mar;73(3):279-80.
    PMID: 19144089 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2008.01195.x
    A novel human leukocyte antigen-B allele officially named B*3589, was found in an indigenous individual of Jehai ethnicity when sequencing was performed to investigate human genome variation in a research project. B*3589 differs form B*3505 in a point mutation at codon 169 (CGC to TGC) resulting in an amino acid change from Arg to Cys.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group/genetics
  5. Prevalence, risk factors, and clinical features of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy in multiethnic Malaysian patients with Graves' disease
    Lim SL, Lim AK, Mumtaz M, Hussein E, Wan Bebakar WM, Khir AS
    Thyroid, 2008 Dec;18(12):1297-301.
    PMID: 19012471 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2008.0044
    The prevalence of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) has been reported to be lower in several Asian populations than in Caucasians. The risk factors for TAO that have been demonstrated in Caucasians have not been studied in Asian populations. The aim of this study, therefore, was to determine the prevalence, risk factors, and clinical features of TAO in a cohort of multiethnic Malaysian patients with Graves' disease (GD).
    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group
  6. Venous thromboembolism in Asia and worldwide: Emerging insights from GARFIELD-VTE
    Angchaisuksiri P, Goto S, Farjat AE, Fryk H, Bang SM, Chiang CE, et al.
    Thromb Res, 2021 05;201:63-72.
    PMID: 33652328 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2021.02.024
    BACKGROUND: Although epidemiological studies report a lower risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) than in the Western world, VTE rates in Asia may be underestimated. Furthermore, it is uncertain whether VTE outcomes differ in Asia and the rest of the world (ROW).

    METHODS: GARFIELD-VTE is a global, prospective, non-interventional study of real-world treatment practices. In this study, we compared baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 12-month outcomes in Asia and ROW.

    RESULTS: Of the 10,684 enrolled patients, 1822 (17.1%) were Asian (China n = 420, Hong Kong n = 98, Japan n = 148, Malaysia n = 244, South Korea n = 343, Taiwan n = 232, Thailand n = 337). Compared with ROW patients, those from Asia were more often female (57.4% vs. 48.0%), non-smokers (74.0% vs. 58.9%) and had a lower BMI (24.8 kg/m2 vs. 29.1 kg/m2). Asian patients were more likely to be managed in the hospital (86.9% vs. 70.4%) and to have active cancer (19.8% vs. 8.1%) or a history of cancer (19.1% vs. 12.0%). Asian patients received no anticoagulation more frequently than ROW patients (6.5% vs. 2.1%). Over 12-months follow-up, the rate of all-cause mortality (per 100 person-years [95% confidence interval]) was higher in Asians (15.2 [13.4-17.3] vs. 5.9 [5.4-6.5]). Adjusted hazard ratios indicated a higher risk of all-cause mortality in Asian patients than the ROW (1.32 [1.08-1.62]). The frequencies of major bleeding and recurrent VTE were similar.

    CONCLUSION: Asian patients have different risk profiles, treatment patterns and a higher risk of mortality compared with the ROW.

    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group
  7. Anticoagulation control in different ethnic groups receiving vitamin K antagonist therapy for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation
    Zulkifly H, Cheli P, Lutchman I, Bai Y, Lip GYH, Lane DA
    Thromb Res, 2020 08;192:12-20.
    PMID: 32416364 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.04.001
    BACKGROUND: Efficacy and safety of vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) is optimised in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients when the International Normalised Ratio (INR) is 2.0-3.0. Anticoagulation control comparing different ethnic groups is limited, although epidemiological studies suggest poorer INR control in non-white cohorts.

    METHODS: VKA control was assessed retrospectively by time-in-the-therapeutic range (TTR) (Rosendaal method) and percentage INR-in-range (PINRR) in 991 White, Afro-Caribbean and South-Asian AF patients [overall mean (SD) age 71.6 (9.4) years; 55% male; mean (SD) CHA2DS2-VASc score 3.4 (1.6)] over a median (IQR) follow-up of 5.2 (3.2-7.0) years.

    RESULTS: Compared to Whites, mean (SD) TTR and PINRR were significantly lower in South-Asians [TTR 67.9% vs. 60.5%; PINRR 58.8% vs. 51.6%, respectively] and Afro-Caribbeans [TTR 67.9% vs. 61.3%; PINRR 58.8% vs. 53.1%, respectively], despite similar INR monitoring intensity. Logistic regression revealed non-white ethnicity [OR 2.62; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] (1.67-4.10) and OR 3.47 (1.44-8.34)] and anaemia [OR 1.65 (1.00-2.70) and OR 6.27 (1.89-20.94)] as independent predictors of both TTR and PINRR Asians (32.3%) compared to the Whites and Afro-Caribbeans (21.3% vs 25.6% respectively).

    CONCLUSIONS: Ethnic disparities in quality of anticoagulation control are evident, with South-Asians and Afro-Caribbeans having poorer control compared to Whites, despite similar intensity INR monitoring. Non-white ethnicity remained the strongest independent predictor of poor TTR and PINRR. Interventions to improve anticoagulation control need to be implemented, particularly targeting ethnic minority patients.

    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group
  8. The effect of CYP2C19 genetic polymorphism and non-genetic factors on clopidogrel platelets inhibition in East Asian coronary artery disease patients
    Amin AM, Sheau Chin L, Mohamed Noor DA, Mostafa H, Abdul Kader MASK, Kah Hay Y, et al.
    Thromb Res, 2017 10;158:22-24.
    PMID: 28802144 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2017.07.032
    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group/genetics
  9. Fulltext Temporal trends and ethnic variations in asthma mortality in Singapore, 1976-1995
    Ng TP, Tan WC
    Thorax, 1999 Nov;54(11):990-4.
    PMID: 10525557
    BACKGROUND: A study was undertaken to examine temporal trends and ethnic differences in the asthma mortality rate in Singapore.
    METHODS: Asthma mortality rates in Singapore were estimated from vital data for the years from 1976 to 1995. Trends in sex and age specific (5-14, 15-34, 35-59, 60+ years) rates were obtained for four periods (1976-80, 1981-85, 1986-90, 1991-95) and for Chinese, Malay, and Indian subjects for the years when these data were available (1989-95).
    RESULTS: An increase in asthma mortality was observed in children aged 5-14 years from 0.21 per 100,000 person years in 1976-80 to 0.72 per 100,000 person years in 1991-95. No increases were noted in the other age groups but a small decrease was observed in the 1991-95 period for the 35-59 year age group. Marked ethnic differences in mortality rates were observed. In the group aged 5-34 years the asthma mortality rates were 0.5 per 100,000 in Chinese subjects, 1.3 per 100,000 in Indians, and 2.5 per 100,000 in Malay subjects. Similar 2-4 fold differences were observed in all other age groups.
    CONCLUSIONS: Apart from genetic factors, environmental exposures and medical care factors which influence asthma prevalence and severity are most likely to be the causes of the observed temporal trends and ethnic differences in the asthma mortality rate in Singapore, but further studies are needed to elucidate these more fully.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group
  10. Respiratory function among Malaysian aboriginals
    Dugdale AE, Bolton JM, Ganendran A
    Thorax, 1971 Nov;26(6):740-3.
    PMID: 5144653
    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group
  11. Racial incidence of carcinoma of the bronchus in Malaya
    Snelling MR, Chooi MUN KAM
    Thorax, 1966 Sep;21(5):434-6.
    PMID: 5969242
    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group
  12. Fulltext Sociodemographic correlates of unipolar major depression among the Chinese elderly in Klang Valley, Malaysia: an epidemiological study
    Verma RK, Min TH, Chakravarthy S, Barua A, Kar N
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:812712.
    PMID: 25544962 DOI: 10.1155/2014/812712
    BACKGROUND: Depression, as one of the most disabling diseases around the world, had caught the global concern with its rising prevalence rate. There is a growing need of detecting depression, particularly in the old age population which is often left being overlooked.
    METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional community-based study which included 150 Chinese elderly aged 60 and above within Klang Valley area. We obtained the sociodemographic profiles and assessed the status of well-being, depression, and cognitive function of the participants with the help of instruments: WHO Five-Item Well-Being Index, Major (ICD-10) Depression Inventory, and 6-Item Cognitive Impairment Test.
    RESULTS: We found that the prevalence of depression among the Chinese elderly within Klang Valley region was 10.7%. With multiple logistic regression, decision to consult doctor on depressed mood or memory problem and presence of cognitive impairment were shown to be significantly associated with unipolar major depression, whereas wellbeing status was also found to be statistically correlated with depression in univariate analysis.
    CONCLUSION: The prevalence of unipolar depression among Chinese elderly within Klang Valley, Malaysia presented that there was an increased trend compared to the previous studies..
    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group
  13. Genetic epidemiology of pharmacogenetic variants in South East Asian Malays using whole-genome sequences
    Sivadas A, Salleh MZ, Teh LK, Scaria V
    Pharmacogenomics J, 2017 10;17(5):461-470.
    PMID: 27241059 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2016.39
    Expanding the scope of pharmacogenomic research by including multiple global populations is integral to building robust evidence for its clinical translation. Deep whole-genome sequencing of diverse ethnic populations provides a unique opportunity to study rare and common pharmacogenomic markers that often vary in frequency across populations. In this study, we aim to build a diverse map of pharmacogenetic variants in South East Asian (SEA) Malay population using deep whole-genome sequences of 100 healthy SEA Malay individuals. We investigated the allelic diversity of potentially deleterious pharmacogenomic variants in SEA Malay population. Our analysis revealed 227 common and 466 rare potentially functional single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in 437 pharmacogenomic genes involved in drug metabolism, transport and target genes, including 74 novel variants. This study has created one of the most comprehensive maps of pharmacogenetic markers in any population from whole genomes and will hugely benefit pharmacogenomic investigations and drug dosage recommendations in SEA Malays.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group/genetics*
  14. Translational aspects of genetic factors in the prediction of drug response variability: a case study of warfarin pharmacogenomics in a multi-ethnic cohort from Asia
    Chan SL, Suo C, Lee SC, Goh BC, Chia KS, Teo YY
    Pharmacogenomics J, 2012 Aug;12(4):312-8.
    PMID: 21383771 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2011.7
    Genetic markers displaying highly significant statistical associations with complex phenotypes may not necessarily possess sufficient clinical validity to be useful. Understanding the contribution of these markers beyond readily available clinical biomarkers is particularly important in pharmacogenetics. We demonstrate the utility of genetic testing using the example of warfarin in a multi-ethnic setting comprising of three Asian populations that are broadly representative of the genetic diversity for half of the population in the world, especially as distinct interethnic differences in warfarin dose requirements have been previously established. We confirmed the roles of three well-established loci (CYP2C9, VKORC1 and CYP4F2) in explaining warfarin dosage variation in the three Asian populations. In addition, we assessed the relationship between ethnicity and the genotypes of these loci, observing strong correlations at VKORC1 and CYP4F2. Subsequently, we established the additional utility of these genetic factors in predicting warfarin dose beyond ethnicity and clinical biomarkers through performing a series of systematic cross-validation analyses of the relative predictive accuracies of various fixed-dose regimen, clinical and genetic models. Through a pharmacogenetics model for warfarin, we show the importance of genetic testing beyond readily available clinical biomarkers in predicting dose requirements, confirming the role of genetic profiling in personalized medicine.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group/genetics
  15. PXR, CAR and HNF4alpha genotypes and their association with pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of docetaxel and doxorubicin in Asian patients
    Hor SY, Lee SC, Wong CI, Lim YW, Lim RC, Wang LZ, et al.
    Pharmacogenomics J, 2008 Apr;8(2):139-46.
    PMID: 17876342
    Previously studied candidate genes have failed to account for inter-individual variability of docetaxel and doxorubicin disposition and effects. We genotyped the transcriptional regulators of CYP3A and ABCB1 in 101 breast cancer patients from 3 Asian ethnic groups, that is, Chinese, Malays and Indians, in correlation with the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of docetaxel and doxorubicin. While there was no ethnic difference in docetaxel and doxorubicin pharmacokinetics, ethnic difference in docetaxel- (ANOVA, P=0.001) and doxorubicin-induced (ANOVA, P=0.003) leukocyte suppression was observed, with Chinese and Indians experiencing greater degree of docetaxel-induced myelosuppression than Malays (Bonferroni, P=0.002, P=0.042), and Chinese experiencing greater degree of doxorubicin-induced myelosuppression than Malays and Indians (post hoc Bonferroni, P=0.024 and 0.025). Genotyping revealed both PXR and CAR to be well conserved; only a PXR 5'-untranslated region polymorphism (-24381A>C) and a silent CAR variant (Pro180Pro) were found at allele frequencies of 26 and 53%, respectively. Two non-synonymous variants were identified in HNF4alpha (Met49Val and Thr130Ile) at allele frequencies of 55 and 1%, respectively, with the Met49Val variant associated with slower neutrophil recovery in docetaxel-treated patients (ANOVA, P=0.046). Interactions were observed between HNF4alpha Met49Val and CAR Pro180Pro, with patients who were wild type for both variants experiencing least docetaxel-induced neutropenia (ANOVA, P=0.030). No other significant genotypic associations with pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of either drug were found. The PXR-24381A>C variants were significantly more common in Indians compared to Chinese or Malays (32/18/21%, P=0.035) Inter-individual and inter-ethnic variations of docetaxel and doxorubicin pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics exist, but genotypic variability of the transcriptional regulators PAR, CAR and HNF4alpha cannot account for this variability.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group/genetics*
  16. Determining optimal gestational weight gain in a multiethnic Asian population
    Ee TX, Allen JC, Malhotra R, Koh H, Østbye T, Tan TC
    J Obstet Gynaecol Res, 2014 Apr;40(4):1002-8.
    PMID: 24611987 DOI: 10.1111/jog.12307
    To define the optimal gestational weight gain (GWG) for the multiethnic Singaporean population.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group
  17. Physical, psychological and sexual effects in multi-ethnic Malaysian women who have undergone hysterectomy
    Wong LP, Arumugam K
    J Obstet Gynaecol Res, 2012 Aug;38(8):1095-105.
    PMID: 22540215 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2011.01836.x
    The postoperative effects on Asian women after hysterectomy have not been fully explored. This study was undertaken to investigate the physical, psychological and sexual functioning effects in multi-ethnic Malaysian women who have undergone hysterectomy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group
  18. Heterogeneity in alpha-thalassemia interactions in Malays, Chinese and Indians in Malaysia
    Wee YC, Tan KL, Chow TW, Yap SF, Tan JA
    J Obstet Gynaecol Res, 2005 Dec;31(6):540-6.
    PMID: 16343256 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2005.00333.x
    AIM: Interactions between different determinants of alpha-thalassemia raises considerable problems, particularly during pregnancies where antenatal diagnosis is necessary. This study aims to determine the different types of deletional alpha-thalassemia and Hemoglobin Constant Spring (HbCS), and their frequency in Malays, Chinese and Indians in Malaysia.
    METHODS: DNA from 650 pregnant women from the Antenatal Clinic of the University of Malaya Medical Center in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia who showed mean cell volume < or =89 fL and/or mean cell hemoglobin < or =28 pg were analyzed for the double alpha-globin gene South-East Asian deletion (--SEA), the -alpha3.7 and -alpha4.2 single alpha-globin gene deletions and HbCS.
    RESULTS: One hundred and three (15.8%) of the pregnant women were confirmed as alpha-thalassemia carriers: 25 (3.8%) were alpha-thalassemia-1 carriers with the --SEA/alphaalpha genotype, 64 (9.8%) were heterozygous for the -alpha3.7 rightward deletion (-alpha3.7/alphaalpha), four (0.6%) were heterozygous for the -alpha4.2 leftward deletion (-alpha4.2/alphaalpha), nine (1.4%) were heterozygous for HbCS (alphaCSalpha/alphaalpha) and one (0.2%) was compound heterozygous with the -alpha3.7/alphaCSalpha genotype. The double alpha-globin gene --SEA deletion was significantly higher in the Chinese (15%) compared to the Malays (2.5%) and not detected in the Indians studied. The -alpha3.7 deletion was distributed equally in the three races. HbCS and -alpha4.2 was observed only in the Malays.
    CONCLUSION: The data obtained gives a better understanding of the interactions of the different alpha-thalassemia determinants in the different ethnic groups, thus enabling more rapid and specific confirmation of alpha-thalassemia in affected pregnancies where antenatal diagnosis is necessary.
    Study site: Antenatal clinic, University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group/genetics*
  19. Recent trends in histological pattern of cervical carcinoma among three ethnic groups in Malaysia
    Cheah PL, Looi LM, Sivanesaratnam V
    J Obstet Gynaecol Res, 1999 Dec;25(6):401-6.
    PMID: 10680337
    To study the trend of different histological types of cervical carcinoma among the 3 major ethnic groups in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group
  20. Factors Related to Urinary Incontinence among the Malaysian Elderly
    Eshkoor SA, Hamid TA, Shahar S, Mun CY
    J Nutr Health Aging, 2017;21(2):220-226.
    PMID: 28112780 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-016-0779-x
    BACKGROUND: Urinary incontinence is a prevalent condition in the elderly that is the spontaneous leakage of urine. It is an age-related problem and increases especially in people aged above 65 years. It can cause many psychological, behavioral, biological, economic and social effects. The treatment of urinary incontinence can reduce morbidity and mortality. Thus, this study aimed to determine the effects of variables including age, ethnicity, gender, education, marital status, body weight, blood elements and nutritional parameters on urinary incontinence among the Malaysian elderly.

    METHODS: The study was on 2322 non-institutionalized Malaysian elderly. The hierarchy logistic regression analysis was applied to estimate the risk of independent variables for urinary incontinence among respondents.

    RESULTS: The findings indicated that approximately 3.80% of subjects had urinary incontinence. In addition, constipation was found a significant factor that increased the risk of urinary incontinence in samples (p=0.006; OR=3.77). The increase in dietary monounsaturated fat (p=0.038; OR=0.59) and plasma triglyceride levels (p=0.029; OR=0.56) significantly reduced the risk of incontinence in subjects. Many of suspected variables including socio-demographic factors, diseases, nutritional minerals, blood components and body weight were non-relevant factors to urinary incontinence in respondents.

    CONCLUSIONS: Constipation increased the risk of urinary incontinence in subjects, and increase in dietary monounsaturated fat and plasma triglyceride levels decreased the risk.

    Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group*
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