Displaying publications 41 - 60 of 92 in total

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  1. The ELISA-U: an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using urease as the enzyme marker for rapid detection of Plasmodium falciparum antibody in human serum
    Lee M, Lambros C
    Am J Trop Med Hyg, 1988 Nov;39(5):421-6.
    PMID: 3057927
    A visual, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using urease (ELISA-U) as the enzyme marker was adapted for rapid detection of antibody against Plasmodium falciparum. Flat-bottom, 96-well microtiter plates were coated with P. falciparum soluble antigen obtained by saponin and NP-40 treatment of parasite cultures. Antibody was detected by successive incubations with test sera, urease-conjugated rabbit-human antibody, and urease substrate. Reactive sera developed a definite and easily visualized purple color. Sera from patients with single infections of P. vivax or P. ovale were unreactive. No cross-reactivity was noted with sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, filariasis, amebiasis, schistosomiasis, dengue, scrub typhus, leptospirosis, or toxoplasmosis. The procedure can be performed at room temperature and completed within 1 hr. The sensitivity of the assay is comparable to that of the indirect fluorescent antibody test at all but the lowest dilutions tested.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross Reactions
  2. Use of avidin-biotin-glucose oxidase complex to detect antimalarial antibody in serum by light microscopy
    Lee M, Lambros C
    Am J Trop Med Hyg, 1988 Aug;39(2):145-9.
    PMID: 3044152
    An immunohistochemical assay was developed combining an avidin-biotin-glucose oxidase complex procedure (ABC-GO) with light microscopy to detect specific antibody against Plasmodium falciparum. Thin blood films were prepared from culture material of P. falciparum and fixed with acetone. Antibody was detected by successive incubations with test serum, biotinylated goat antihuman antibody, avidin-biotin-glucose oxidase complex, and glucose oxidase substrate. In the presence of reactive serum, a blue precipitate formed on the parasites and could be visually observed with a 40x objective. Sera from patients with single infections for P. vivax or P. ovale were unreactive. No cross-reactivity was observed with sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, filariasis, amebiasis, schistosomiasis, dengue, scrub typhus, leptospirosis, or toxoplasmosis. The sensitivity of ABC-GO is comparable to that of the indirect fluorescent antibody test.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross Reactions
  3. Clinical judgement perplexed by initially undisclosed use of herbal medicine and unexpected cross-reactivity of immunoassay
    Liu KT, Lee CW
    Malays J Pathol, 2017 Aug;39(2):189-192.
    PMID: 28866703
    We report a case of symptomatic bradycardia caused by consumption of a Chinese herbal medicine which was initially undisclosed to the attending emergency physician. The scientific name of the herb is Panax japonicus. Electrocardiogram revealed sinus bradycardia. Laboratory tests were normal except for the detection of a high serum digoxin level. Further interrogation of the patient eventually disclosed ingestion of the herb which, however, did not contain any digoxin. Other active ingredients in the herb include various types of ginsenoside. These are digoxin-like substances that had caused the observed false-positive detection of digoxin by fluorescence polarization immunoassay due to cross-reactivity. Our case-report provides an important insight about a blind-spot in the field of laboratory medicine (clinical pathology), namely, the false positive detection of digoxin due to crossreactivity in the immunoassay when we come across digoxin-like substances in clinical scenarios, which has barely received attention in the medical literature. It also conveys a clear educational message that with full understanding of the laboratory methodology and its mechanistic rationale there are actually some tricks-of-the-trade that allow us to optimize the specificity of the biochemical tests and the treatment of digoxin-like substances overdose.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross Reactions
  4. Fulltext Geographic distribution of Tick-borne encephalitis virus complex
    Im JH, Baek JH, Durey A, Kwon HY, Chung MH, Lee JS
    J Vector Borne Dis, 2020 1 1;57(1):14-22.
    PMID: 33818450 DOI: 10.4103/0972-9062.308794
    A comprehensive understanding of the geographic distribution of the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) complex is necessary due to increasing transboundary movement and cross-reactivity of serological tests. This review was conducted to identify the geographic distribution of the TBEV complex, including TBE virus, Alkhurma haemorrhagic fever virus, Kyasanur forest disease virus, louping-ill virus, Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus, and Powassan virus. Published reports were identified using PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane library. In addition to TBEV complex case-related studies, seroprevalence studies were also retrieved to assess the risk of TBEV complex infection. Among 1406 search results, 314 articles met the inclusion criteria. The following countries, which are known to TBEV epidemic region, had conducted national surveillance studies: Austria, China, Czech, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Switzerland, Sweden, Slovenia, and Slovakia. There were also studies/reports on human TBEV infection from Belarus, Bulgaria, Croatia, France, Japan, Kyrgyzstan, Netherland, and Turkey. Seroprevalence studies were found in some areas far from the TBEV belt, specifically Malaysia, Comoros, Djibouti, and Kenya. Kyasanur forest disease virus was reported in southwestern India and Yunnan of China, the Powassan virus in the United States, Canada, and east Siberia, Alkhurma haemorrhagic fever virus in Saudi Arabia and east Egypt, and Louping-ill virus in the United Kingdom, Ireland, and east Siberia. In some areas, the distribution of the TBEV complex overlaps with that of other viruses, and caution is recommended during serologic diagnosis. The geographic distribution of the TBEV complex appears to be wide and overlap of the TBE virus complex with other viruses was observed in some areas. Knowledge of the geographical distribution of the TBEV complex could help avoid cross-reactivity during the serologic diagnosis of these viruses. Surveillance studies can implement effective control measures according to the distribution pattern of these viruses.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross Reactions
  5. Comparative evaluation of the indirect immunoperoxidase test for the serodiagnosis of rickettsial disease
    Kelly DJ, Wong PW, Gan E, Lewis GE
    Am J Trop Med Hyg, 1988 Mar;38(2):400-6.
    PMID: 3128129 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.1988.38.400
    An indirect immunoperoxidase test was compared with an indirect fluorescent antibody test and the Weil-Felix OXK test for serodiagnosis of scrub typhus by measuring the rickettsial antigen specific activity of IgG, IgM, and whole globulin. Acute and convalescent sera from 50 Rickettsia tsutsugamushi isolate-positive scrub typhus patients and from 45 febrile patients diagnosed as having diseases other than scrub typhus were tested. The receiver operating characteristic for each test showed that the indirect immunoperoxidase and indirect fluorescent antibody tests were more sensitive and specific than the Weil-Felix test using convalescent and acute as well as paired sera. The indirect immunoperoxidase test showed no cross-reactivity when R. tsutsugamushi antigen was tested against sera collected from patients living outside the scrub typhus-endemic area with diseases other than scrub typhus. The indirect immunoperoxidase and indirect fluorescent antibody tests were comparable in measured response to R. tsutsugamushi, R. typhi, and TT-118 (spotted fever group) antigen. Thus the indirect immunoperoxidase test represents a sensitive, specific, reproducible, and practical semiquantitative test for rickettsial disease diagnosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross Reactions
  6. Expression of a codon-optimised recombinant Ara h 2.02 peanut allergen in Escherichia coli
    Lew MH, Lim RL
    Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 2016 Jan;100(2):661-71.
    PMID: 26411458 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6953-y
    Current diagnostic tools for peanut allergy using crude peanut extract showed low predictive value and reduced specificity for detection of peanut allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE). The Ara h 2.02, an isoform of the major peanut allergen Ara h 2, contains three IgE epitope recognition sequence of 'DPYSPS' and may be a better reagent for component resolve diagnosis. This research aimed to generate a codon-optimised Ara h 2.02 gene for heterologous expression in Escherichia coli and allergenicity study of this recombinant protein. The codon-optimised gene was generated by PCR using overlapping primers and cloned into the pET-28a (+) expression vector. Moderate expression of a 22.5 kDa 6xhistidine-tagged recombinant Ara h 2.02 protein (6xHis-rAra h 2.02) in BL21 (DE3) host cells was observed upon induction with 1 mM isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG). The insoluble recombinant protein was purified under denaturing condition using nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni-NTA) affinity chromatography and refolded by dialysis in decreasing urea concentration, amounting to a yield of 74 mg/l of expression culture. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) and immunoblot analysis confirmed the production of the recombinant 6xHis-rAra h 2.02. The refolded recombinant 6xHis-rAra h 2.02, with or without adjuvant, was able to elicit comparable level of allergen-specific IgE and IgG1 in sensitised Balb/c mice. In addition, the specific IgE antibodies raised against the recombinant protein were able to recognise the native Ara h 2 protein, demonstrating its allergenicity and potential as a reagent for diagnosis and therapeutic study.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross Reactions
  7. Fulltext Evaluation of recombinant Plasmodium knowlesi merozoite surface protein-1(33) for detection of human malaria
    Cheong FW, Lau YL, Fong MY, Mahmud R
    Am J Trop Med Hyg, 2013 May;88(5):835-40.
    PMID: 23509118 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.12-0250
    Plasmodium knowlesi is now known as the fifth Plasmodium species that can cause human malaria. The Plasmodium merozoite surface protein (MSP) has been reported to be potential target for vaccination and diagnosis of malaria. MSP-1(33) has been shown to be immunogenic and its T cell epitopes could mediate cellular immune protection. However, limited studies have focused on P. knowlesi MSP-133. In this study, an approximately 28-kDa recombinant P. knowlesi MSP-1(33) (pkMSP-1(33)) was expressed by using an Escherichia coli system. The purified pkMSP-1(33) reacted with serum samples of patients infected with P. knowlesi (31 of 31, 100%) and non-P. knowlesi malaria (27 of 28, 96.43%) by Western blotting. The pkMSP-1(33) also reacted with P. knowlesi (25 of 31, 80.65%) and non-P. knowlesi malaria sera (20 of 28, 71.43%) in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Most of the non-malarial infection (49 of 52 in by Western blotting and 46 of 52 in the ELISA) and healthy donor serum samples (65 of 65 by Western blotting and ELISA) did not react with recombinant pkMSP-1(33).
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross Reactions
  8. Detection of Angiostrongylus malaysiensis circulating antigen using monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MAb-ELISA)
    Ambu S, Rain AN, Mak JW, Maslah D, Maidah S
    Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1997;28 Suppl 1:143-7.
    PMID: 9656366
    Three MAbs 1C4.2D8, 1C4.2C4 and 1C4.1F5 were produced using sonicated adult worm antigens of Angiostrongylus malaysiensis and they were found to be secreters of IgG1. The MAbs 1C4.2C4 and 1C4.2D8 were found to react with antigens of A. malaysiensis and cross-react with the closely related A. cantonensis but not with other helminths. A total of 108 human sera collected from Orang Asli (aborigenes) from Grik, in the State of Perak were tested for A. malaysiensis infection using the MAb-ELISA. MAb 1C4.1F5 and 25 (23%) were positive. Twenty of these positive samples were tested with the MAb 1C4.2D8 and none was found to be positive.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross Reactions
  9. Candida parapsilosis-specific monoclonal antibodies and their use for detection of Candida antigens in experimental systemic candidiasis
    Wong SF, Mak JW
    Hybridoma (Larchmt), 2010 Dec;29(6):539-46.
    PMID: 21117988 DOI: 10.1089/hyb.2010.0049
    Candida parapsilosis has emerged as one of the most common causes of bloodstream infection worldwide. The diagnosis of invasive candidiasis etiological agents to the species level remains a laboratory and clinical challenge. Thus, specific monoclonal antibodies to detect systemic candidiasis and to identify Candida virulence factors and associated pathogenesis through immunohistochemistry would be very useful. Inbred Balb/c mice were immunized with C. parapsilosis antigens, and blood was checked for the presence of reactive antibodies using ELISA. Fusion was performed using the harvested spleen cells and NS1 myeloma cells, and the clones were screened for the presence of antibody producing hybrid cells by dot-blot. The 1B11 clone secreted IgG2a monoclonal antibody that was reactive with the C. parapsilosis antigen at MW of 59 kDa and cross-reacted with C. tropicalis but not with other fungal and bacterial antigens tested. Another 3D1 clone secreted IgG1 monoclonal antibody that was reactive with C. parapsilosis antigen at MW of 30 kDa. The 3D1 monoclonal antibody was found to be species specific. Experimental systemic candidiasis in rats was induced through intravenous injection of C. parapsilosis, and all the vital organs were collected for immunohistochemistry study. These monoclonal antibodies were reactive against surface epitopes on the yeast cells, pseudohyphae, and immune complexes in tissue sections. Sandwich ELISAs using these antibodies were developed and were able to detect circulating antigens in experimental candidiasis in rats at 0.2 μg/μL. These monoclonal antibodies may have potential as primary capture antibodies for the development of rapid diagnostic test for human systemic fungal infection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross Reactions/immunology
  10. Fulltext Expression of recombinant E1 Glycoprotein of Chikungunya virus in Baculovirus expression system
    Sum, Magdline Sia Henry, Andrew, Anna, Maling, Milda Aren
    Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2015;3(1):26-29.
    MyJurnal
    Chikungunya is an acute febrile illness caused by chikungunya virus (CHIKV). In this study, the envelope E1 gene of CHIKV was cloned and expressed in a baculovirus system. The recombinant E1 protein with N-term 6-His residues protein was successfully expressed and purified as confirmed by SDS-PAGE and western blot analysis. The seroreactivity of the recombinant protein was evaluated in immunoassay for anti-CHIKV IgM and IgG antibodies. The recombinant antigen showed 69% sensitivity and 100% specificity for anti-CHIKV IgG by dot blot assay. Detection of anti-CHIKV IgM by dot assay showed 79% sensitivity and 100% specificity. No cross reactivity of the antigen was observed with anti-dengue virus serum samples. The results strongly support that the recombinant E1 protein has potential to be used as diagnostic antigen. The used of the antigen in a dot blot assay gives an advantage for laboratory detection without the need of any specialised equipment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross Reactions
  11. Fulltext Host immune response against DENV and ZIKV infections
    Sekaran SD, Ismail AA, Thergarajan G, Chandramathi S, Rahman SKH, Mani RR, et al.
    Front Cell Infect Microbiol, 2022;12:975222.
    PMID: 36159640 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.975222
    Dengue is a major public health concern, affecting almost 400 million people worldwide, with about 70% of the global burden of disease in Asia. Despite revised clinical classifications of dengue infections by the World Health Organization, the wide spectrum of the manifestations of dengue illness continues to pose challenges in diagnosis and patient management for clinicians. When the Zika epidemic spread through the American continent and then later to Africa and Asia in 2015, researchers compared the characteristics of the Zika infection to Dengue, considering both these viruses were transmitted primarily through the same vector, the Aedes aegypti female mosquitoes. An important difference to note, however, was that the Zika epidemic diffused in a shorter time span compared to the persisting feature of Dengue infections, which is endemic in many Asian countries. As the pathogenesis of viral illnesses is affected by host immune responses, various immune modulators have been proposed as biomarkers to predict the risk of the disease progression to a severe form, at a much earlier stage of the illness. However, the findings for most biomarkers are highly discrepant between studies. Meanwhile, the cross-reactivity of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells response to Dengue and Zika viruses provide important clues for further development of potential treatments. This review discusses similarities between Dengue and Zika infections, comparing their disease transmissions and vectors involved, and both the innate and adaptive immune responses in these infections. Consideration of the genetic identity of both the Dengue and Zika flaviviruses as well as the cross-reactivity of relevant T cells along with the actions of CD4+ cytotoxic cells in these infections are also presented. Finally, a summary of the immune biomarkers that have been reported for dengue and Zika viral infections are discussed which may be useful indicators for future anti-viral targets or predictors for disease severity. Together, this information appraises the current understanding of both Zika and Dengue infections, providing insights for future vaccine design approaches against both viruses.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross Reactions
  12. Pathogenic leptospiras isolated from Malaysian surface waters
    Alexander AD, Evans LB, Baker MF, Baker HJ, Ellison D, Marriapan M
    Appl Microbiol, 1975 Jan;29(1):30-3.
    PMID: 1110490
    Pathogenic leptospiras (1,424) isolated from natural waters and wet soils in Malaysia comprised 29 different serovars (synonym serotypes). All except two of the serovars had been found previously in Malaysia. The exceptional serovars were werrasingha, an Autumnalis serogroup member originally isolated in Ceylon, and a new serovar designated evansi. Serovar evansi had serological affinities with serovar ranarum which was isolated from the kidney of a frog in Iowa. The large variety of serovars found in jungle areas was consistent with similar previous findings of diverse serovar infections in troops who had operated in Malaysian jungles.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross Reactions
  13. Validation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay screening method and a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry confirmation method for the identification and quantification of ketamine and norketamine in urine samples from Malaysia
    Harun N, Anderson RA, Miller EI
    J Anal Toxicol, 2009 8 6;33(6):310-21.
    PMID: 19653934 DOI: 10.1093/jat/33.6.310
    An ELISA and a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) confirmation method were developed and validated for the identification and quantitation of ketamine and its major metabolite norketamine in urine samples. The Neogen ketamine microplate ELISA was optimized with respect to sample and enzyme conjugate volumes and the sample preincubation time before addition of the enzyme conjugate. The ELISA kit was validated to include an assessment of the dose-response curve, intra- and interday precision, limit of detection (LOD), and cross-reactivity. The sensitivity and specificity were calculated by comparison to the results from the validated LC-MS-MS confirmation method. An LC-MS-MS method was developed and validated with respect to LOD, lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ), linearity, recovery, intra- and interday precision, and matrix effects. The ELISA dose-response curve was a typical S-shaped binding curve, with a linear portion of the graph observed between 25 and 500 ng/mL for ketamine. The cross-reactivity of 200 ng/mL norketamine to ketamine was 2.1%, and no cross-reactivity was detected with 13 common drugs tested at 10,000 ng/mL. The ELISA LOD was calculated to be 5 ng/mL. Both intra- (n = 10) and interday (n = 50) precisions were below 5.0% at 25 ng/mL. The LOD for ketamine and norketamine was calculated statistically to be 0.6 ng/mL. The LLOQ values were also calculated statistically and were 1.9 ng/mL and 2.1 ng/mL for ketamine and norketamine, respectively. The test linearity was 0-1200 ng/mL with correlation coefficient (R(2)) > 0.99 for both analytes. Recoveries at 50, 500, and 1000 ng/mL range from 97.9% to 113.3%. Intra- (n = 5) and interday (n = 25) precisions between extracts for ketamine and norketamine were excellent (< 10%). Matrix effects analysis showed an average ion suppression of 5.7% for ketamine and an average ion enhancement of 13.0% for norketamine for urine samples collected from six individuals. A comparison of ELISA and LC-MS-MS results demonstrated a sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency of 100%. These results indicated that a cutoff value of 25 ng/mL ketamine in the ELISA screen is particularly suitable and reliable for urine testing in a forensic toxicology setting. Furthermore, both ketamine and norketamine were detected in all 34 urine samples collected from individuals socializing in pubs by the Royal Malaysian Police. Ketamine concentrations detected by LC-MS-MS ranged from 22 to 31,670 ng/mL, and norketamine concentrations ranged from 25 to 10,990 ng/mL. The concentrations of ketamine and norketamine detected in the samples are most ikely indicative of ketamine abuse.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross Reactions
  14. Fulltext An evaluation of a recombinant multiepitope based antigen for detection of Toxoplasma gondii specific antibodies
    Hajissa K, Zakaria R, Suppian R, Mohamed Z
    BMC Infect Dis, 2017 12 29;17(1):807.
    PMID: 29284420 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2920-9
    BACKGROUND: The inefficiency of the current tachyzoite antigen-based serological assays for the serodiagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection mandates the need for acquirement of reliable and standard diagnostic reagents. Recently, epitope-based antigens have emerged as an alternative diagnostic marker for the achievement of highly sensitive and specific capture antigens. In this study, the diagnostic utility of a recombinant multiepitope antigen (USM.TOXO1) for the serodiagnosis of human toxoplasmosis was evaluated.

    METHODS: An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to evaluate the usefulness of USM.TOXO1 antigen for the detection of IgG antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii in human sera. Whereas the reactivity of the developed antigen against IgM antibody was evaluated by western blot and Dot enzyme immunoassay (dot-EIA) analysis.

    RESULTS: The diagnostic performance of the new antigens in IgG ELISA was achieved at the maximum values of 85.43% and 81.25% for diagnostic sensitivity and specificity respectively. The USM.TOXO1 was also proven to be reactive with anti- T. gondii IgM antibody.

    CONCLUSIONS: This finding makes the USM.TOXO1 antigen an attractive candidate for improving the toxoplasmosis serodiagnosis and demonstrates that multiepitope antigens could be a potential and promising diagnostic marker for the development of high sensitive and accurate assays.

    Matched MeSH terms: Cross Reactions
  15. Fulltext Cross-reactivity of Malaysian rat cytomegalovirus strains with its human counterpart
    Camalxaman SN, Zeenathul NA, Quah YW, Loh HS, Zuridah H, Sheikh-Omar AR, et al.
    Trop Biomed, 2011 Dec;28(3):661-7.
    PMID: 22433897 MyJurnal
    This study probes into the prospect of cross-reactivity of HCMV with RCMV which has not been acknowledged to date. We describe the uncovering of a protein with an estimated size of between 61-68 kDa from local RCMV strains which reacted with HCMV positive sera. Our findings are a first disclosure of a plausible immunological cross-reactivity between RCMV with its human counterpart which grounds substantial interest implying existence of conserved determinants between rat and human CMV polypeptides. The cross-reactive protein most likely represents an enveloped glycoprotein, though the precise identification and its degree of similarity needs to be evidently defined and further elucidated in forthcoming experiments.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross Reactions*
  16. Component-resolved diagnosis (CRD): Is it worth it? frequency and differentiation in rhinitis patients with mite reactivity
    Mohamad Yadzir ZH, Misnan R, Abdullah N, Bakhtiar F, Leecyous B, Murad S
    Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol, 2014 Aug;13(4):240-6.
    PMID: 24659159
    Component-resolved diagnosis (CRD) using microarray technology has recently been introduced with the aim to improve diagnosis of allergy. The aim of this study was to compare performance of this allergen microarray to those of an established extract-based skin prick testing (SPT).45 patients with allergic rhinitis were studied (16 children and 29 adults). SPT to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae and Blomia tropicalis extracts and allergen microarray ImmunoCAP ISAC were carried out for all patients. Forty out of 45 patients demonstrated positive SPT to all mite extracts tested. These 40 patients were considered to be mite-allergic based on the positive SPT results. The remaining 5 patients with negative SPT to any mite extracts were classified as non-mite allergic. Comparatively, based on the microarray results, only 34 mite-allergic patients had detectable serum IgE to at least one of the mite allergen components tested whereas 6 patients with positive SPT to mite extracts showed no detectable IgE reactivity to any of the components tested. One non-mite allergic patient had a positive test- Blo t 5. Der p 10-positive patients also reacted to other cross-reactive tropomyosin from anisakis (Ani s 3) (25%), cockroach (Bla g 7) (50%) and shrimp (Pen m 1) (75%). CRD is a reliable tool for the diagnosis of allergy to mites. Der p 10 might be a useful indicator to identify a subset of mite-allergic patient that have additional sensitization due to cross-reactivity and thus allows selection of patients for immunotherapy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross Reactions
  17. Fulltext Development of TaqMan-based real-time RT-PCR assay based on N gene for the quantitative detection of feline morbillivirus
    Makhtar ST, Tan SW, Nasruddin NA, Abdul Aziz NA, Omar AR, Mustaffa-Kamal F
    BMC Vet Res, 2021 Mar 23;17(1):128.
    PMID: 33757494 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02837-6
    BACKGROUND: Morbilliviruses are categorized under the family of Paramyxoviridae and have been associated with severe diseases, such as Peste des petits ruminants, canine distemper and measles with evidence of high morbidity and/or could cause major economic loss in production of livestock animals, such as goats and sheep. Feline morbillivirus (FeMV) is one of the members of Morbilliviruses that has been speculated to cause chronic kidney disease in cats even though a definite relationship is still unclear. To date, FeMV has been detected in several continents, such as Asia (Japan, China, Thailand, Malaysia), Europe (Italy, German, Turkey), Africa (South Africa), and South and North America (Brazil, Unites States). This study aims to develop a TaqMan real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) assay targeting the N gene of FeMV in clinical samples to detect early phase of FeMV infection.

    RESULTS: A specific assay was developed, since no amplification was observed in viral strains from the same family of Paramyxoviridae, such as canine distemper virus (CDV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), and measles virus (MeV), and other feline viruses, such as feline coronavirus (FCoV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV). The lower detection limit of the assay was 1.74 × 104 copies/μL with Cq value of 34.32 ± 0.5 based on the cRNA copy number. The coefficient of variations (CV) values calculated for both intra- and inter-assay were low, ranging from 0.34-0.53% and 1.38-2.03%, respectively. In addition, the clinical sample evaluation using this assay showed a higher detection rate, with 25 (35.2%) clinical samples being FeMV-positive compared to 11 (15.5%) using conventional RT-PCR, proving a more sensitive assay compared to the conventional RT-PCR.

    CONCLUSIONS: The TaqMan-based real-time RT-PCR assay targeting the N gene described in this study is more sensitive, specific, rapid, and reproducible compared to the conventional RT-PCR assay targeting the N gene, which could be used to detect early infection in cats.

    Matched MeSH terms: Cross Reactions
  18. Evaluation of the cross-neutralization capacity of Thai green pit viper antivenom against venom of Myanmar green pit viper
    Yee KT, Maw LZ, Kyaw AM, Khow O, Oo AW, Oo TKK, et al.
    Toxicon, 2020 Apr 15;177:41-45.
    PMID: 32056833 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.02.003
    Green pit viper (Trimeresurus sp.) bite occurred throughout Myanmar, but there is no specific antivenom produced in the country for related envenomation. Instead, Myanmar Russell's viper antivenom (Anti-MRV) was often misused because of prolonged clotting time was observed from both species. Thai green pit viper antivenom (Anti-TGPV) raised against Trimeresurus albolabris was found to be effective against venoms of more than ten Trimeresurus sp. from Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia. The present study compared the neutralization capacities of Anti-TGPV and Anti-MRV towards the venom from T. erythrurus from Myanmar. Anti-TGPV was more efficacious than Anti-MRV in cross-neutralizing the lethal and haemorrhagic activities of the venom by a potency of a least 1.4 times higher. Although Anti-TGPV effectively cross-neutralized the coagulation activity of the venom, Anti-MRV failed to do so. Immunodiffusion and immunoblot experiments showed that Anti-TGPV cross-reacted with more protein components of the venom than Anti-MRV. In conclusion, Anti-TGPV is a better choice for patients bitten by Myanmar green pit viper, but further clinical investigation is required. The current findings highlight the development of a specific antivenom against Myanmar green pit viper venom.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross Reactions
  19. Fulltext Cross-reactivity in AED-Induced Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reaction: A Case Report
    Khor AH, Lim KS, Tan CT, Kwan Z, Ng CC
    J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol, 2016;26(5):329-331.
    PMID: 27763865 DOI: 10.18176/jiaci.0085
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross Reactions/immunology*
  20. IgA antiphospholipid antibodies in normal human saliva cross-react with bacterial lipopolysaccharide
    Cheng HM, Ngeow YF
    Int Arch Allergy Immunol, 1993;101(3):297-8.
    PMID: 8324391
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross Reactions
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