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Systemic lupus erythematosus in Malaysia: a study of 539 patients and comparison of prevalence and disease expression in different racial and gender groups

Wang F, Wang CL, Tan CT, Manivasagar M

Lupus, 1997;6(3):248-53.
PMID: 9104731 DOI: 10.1177/096120339700600306

The aims of this study were to examine the clinical and laboratory features of Malaysian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to identify any difference in disease expression between the different genders and among the three major ethnic groups of Malaysia. Retrospective analysis of all patients with SLE admitted to and followed-up at University Hospital Kuala Lumpur from 1974-90 was undertaken. Ethnic Chinese had the highest prevalence of SLE compared to other ethnic groups. There was a high incidence of renal disease, 74% of patient had significant proteinuria and half of these had associated nephrotic syndrome. Indian patients had significantly less incidence of skin manifestation compared to other racial groups. No difference in disease expression was detected between the ethnic Chinese and Indians and between the male and female patients. The overall 5 y and 10 y survival rates were 82% and 70% respectively. Indian patients had the poorest survival rates. Survival rates are similar among the Chinese and Malay patients. Our findings are in broad agreement with those previously reported.

Matched MeSH terms: Continental Population Groups
Detection of Angiostrongylus malaysiensis circulating antigen using monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MAb-ELISA)

Ambu S, Rain AN, Mak JW, Maslah D, Maidah S

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1997;28 Suppl 1:143-7.
PMID: 9656366

Three MAbs 1C4.2D8, 1C4.2C4 and 1C4.1F5 were produced using sonicated adult worm antigens of Angiostrongylus malaysiensis and they were found to be secreters of IgG1. The MAbs 1C4.2C4 and 1C4.2D8 were found to react with antigens of A. malaysiensis and cross-react with the closely related A. cantonensis but not with other helminths. A total of 108 human sera collected from Orang Asli (aborigenes) from Grik, in the State of Perak were tested for A. malaysiensis infection using the MAb-ELISA. MAb 1C4.1F5 and 25 (23%) were positive. Twenty of these positive samples were tested with the MAb 1C4.2D8 and none was found to be positive.

Matched MeSH terms: Continental Population Groups
Fulltext The prevalence of Trichuris, Ascaris and hookworm infection in Orang Asli children

Norhayati M, Zainudin B, Mohammod CG, Oothuman P, Azizi O, Fatmah MS

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1997 Mar;28(1):161-8.
PMID: 9322301

A community study on the age and sex related prevalence, intensity infection and frequency distribution of Ascaris, Trichuris and hookworm was carried out in 205 Orang Asli (Aborigines) children (95 boys, 110 girls) aged 1-13 years. The overall prevalence of Ascaris, Trichuris and hookworm was 62.9%, 91.7% and 28.8%, respectively. Almost two-thirds of the children were infected with moderate and severe intensity infection of Trichuris, 46.3% had moderate to severe intensity infection of Ascaris. However only 1.5% had moderate intensity of hookworm infection. The prevalence and mean intensity infection (measured by eggs per g) of Ascaris was age-dependent; lower in age group 1-4 years reached peak and stable at age group 5 years and above. The prevalence of Trichuris was high in all age groups and it fluctuated with age; the mean intensity of infection of Trichuris (measured by eggs per g) was age-dependent. Hookworm infection also rose with age and reached peak at 5-6 years, following that the prevalence declined. The frequency distributions of Ascaris, and hookworm were overdispersed. A strong positive correlation (p < 0.001) were observed between Ascaris and Trichuris and between hookworm and Trichuris. A positive correlation (p < 0.01) were also observed between Ascaris and hookworm.

Matched MeSH terms: Continental Population Groups
Fulltext Diagnosis of scrub typhus in Malaysian aborigines using nested polymerase chain reaction

Tay ST, Nazma S, Rohani MY

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1996 Sep;27(3):580-3.
PMID: 9185274

A rapid diagnostic system for scrub typhus using nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was applied to clinical samples from Malaysian Aborigines. Whole blood from twenty-four patients suspected of scrub typhus infection were tested using nested polymerase chain reaction and sera were evaluated by the indirect immunoperoxidase test. Antibody responses towards Rickettsia tsutsugamushi were observed in seventeen patients with the majority having high titers of IgG antibodies. Seven patients were seronegative. The nested PCR amplified R. tsutsugamushi DNA from six patients, of which two were negative serologically and four had high titers of IgG antibodies. Second samples collected seven days after treatment were negative by PCR testing. Nested PCR is highly sensitive and specific and may be used to provide rapid confirmation of scrub typhus cases in endemic region.

Matched MeSH terms: Continental Population Groups
Fulltext The impact of permethrin impregnated bednets on the malaria vector Anopheles maculatus (Diptera: Culicidae) in aboriginal villages of Pos Betau Pahang, Malaysia

Vythilingam I, Foo LC, Chiang GL, Chan ST, Eng KL, Mahadevan S, et al.

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1995 Jun;26(2):354-8.
PMID: 8629075

The effect of permethrin impregnated bednets on Anopheles maculatus Theobald was studied in four villages in Pos Betau, Pahang, Malaysia from August 1990 to July 1992. Collections of mosquitos were carried out indoors and outdoors from 1900 to 0700 hours. All mosquitos were dissected for sporozoites and parity. In May 1991 two villages received bednets impregnated with permethrin at 0.5 g/m2 and two villages received placebo bednets. There was a significant difference in the sporozoite and parous rates between the treated and control villages after the distribution of bednets (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the bites/man/night of An. maculatus between the pre and post treatment periods in the control villages. However there was a significant difference in bites/man/night between pre and post treatment in the treated villages (p < 0.001).

Matched MeSH terms: Continental Population Groups
Effect of apolipoprotein E variants on plasma lipids and apolipoproteins in the Orang Asli ('aborigines') of Malaysia

Gajra B, Candlish JK, Saha N, Mak JW, Tay JS

Hum. Hered., 1994 Jul-Aug;44(4):209-13.
PMID: 8056432

Members of the Semai group of Orang Asli ('aborigines') in peninsular Malaysia were examined for apolipoprotein E (apo E) variants in relation to plasma total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), triglycerides (TG), apolipoprotein AI and apolipoprotein B (apo B). The e2 and e4 alleles were found to be higher than in most other groups as reported. The sample as a whole was normotriglyceridaemic (mean plasma TG, 1.5 mmol/l) and very markedly hypocholesterolaemic (mean plasma TC 1.7 mmol/l). The distribution of apo E variants was not related to any of the plasma lipids or apolipoprotein fractions using results from all subjects, but if a distinctly hypertriglyceridaemic sub-section was omitted (TG > 1.7 mmol/l) then apo E variants were determinants of plasma TC, LDLC, and apo B concentrations, the lower values of these being associated with the 2-2 and 2-3 genotypes, and the higher with 3-4, and 4-4.

Matched MeSH terms: Continental Population Groups
Fulltext Distribution of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies among Orang Asli (aborigines) in Peninsular Malaysia

Hakim SL, Radzan T, Nazma M

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1994 Sep;25(3):485-9.
PMID: 7777912

The distribution of anti-toxoplasma antibodies among the aborigines in Malaysia and its association with other soil transmitted infections and eosinophilia were studied. A total of 415 serum samples were collected and tested by IFA test. Overall prevalence was 10.6%, lower than previously reported. The antibody titers showed a unimodal distribution peaking at 1:8 dilution. There was a higher proportion of high antibody titer (> 1:128) in the adult compared to the children with no significant difference in prevalence rate by sex. The pattern of infection does not differ from other soil transmitted infections and there was no association between raised Toxoplasma antibodies with eosinophilia.

Matched MeSH terms: Continental Population Groups
Fulltext A serological study of cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus infections in Peninsular Malaysia

Tan DS, Stern H

Bull World Health Organ, 1981;59(6):909-12.
PMID: 6279323

Healthy Malaysians from various parts of Peninsular Malaysia were examined for CF antibodies against cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 2. CMV antibodies were detected in 1114 out of 1556 persons (71.6%) and HSV antibodies were detected in 954 persons out of 1554 (61.4%). The age distribution patterns were similar for the two infections, with maximum prevalence at 5 - 14 years of age. Prevalence was higher in women than in men. There were no significant differences among the Malay, Chinese, and Indian groups of the population with respect to CMV, 72 - 78% possessing antibodies, but in the case of HSV, 76% of the Chinese had antibodies, compared with 57 - 60% of the Malays and Indians. More than 90% of newborn infants had CMV and HSV CF antibodies, confirming the highly immune status of childbearing women in Malaysia. No CMV-specific IgM was detected in the Malaysian neonates examined but this does not exclude the possibility of congenital infection.

Matched MeSH terms: Continental Population Groups
Significance of circumsporozoite-specific antibody in the natural transmission of Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, and Plasmodium malariae in an aboriginal (Orang Asli) population of central peninsula Malaysia

Gordon DM, Davis DR, Lee M, Lambros C, Harrison BA, Samuel R, et al.

Am J Trop Med Hyg, 1991 Jul;45(1):49-56.
PMID: 1867348

Two hundred and seventy-five Orang Asli volunteers living in nine villages in the Pos Legap Valley of Perak State, peninsular Malaysia, participated in a prospective study designed to characterize the epidemiological, parasitological, and entomological characteristics of Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, and P. malariae malaria transmission. Prevalence rates for the three plasmodial species at initiation of the study ranged from 56% in the 0-4-year-old age group to 0% in individuals over the age of 40. Entomological surveys were conducted, enabling us to determine mosquito salivary gland-positive rates and entomological inoculation rates of 1.2 infectious mosquito bites per person per month for P. falciparum, 2.4 for P. vivax, and 0.3 for P. malariae. Cumulative incidence rates over the 16 weeks of the study, following radical cure of all volunteers, were 22.5% for P. falciparum, 12.7% for P. vivax, and 1.5% for P. malariae. The median baseline antibody titer against the immunodominant repetitive B cell epitope of P. falciparum or P. vivax circumsporozoite protein was significantly higher for volunteers who did not become parasitemic. Volunteers were selected for further study if they had evidence of being challenged with P. falciparum sporozoites during the study, based on a two-fold or greater increase in antibody titer against the immunodominant repetitive B cell epitope of the circumsporozoite protein. Resistance to infection was seen in six of 10 individuals who had high (greater than 25 OD units) baseline ELISA titers, compared with only three of 24 individuals who had low baseline ELISA titers (chi 2 P less than 0.02). A similar analysis for P. vivax did not show a significant correlation.

Matched MeSH terms: Continental Population Groups
Sulphone resistance in leprosy. A review of one hundred proven clinical cases

Pearson JM, Rees RJ, Waters MF

Lancet, 1975 Jul 12;2(7924):69-72.
PMID: 49662

An account is given of the first hundred consecutive proven cases of sulphone resistance in leprosy, detected in Malaysia between 1963 and 1974. Proof of resistance was clinical in eighty patients and was obtained by drug-sensitivity testing in mice in ninety-six patients; 76 cases were proved both clinically and experimentally, and there was no discrepancy between the two methods. Sulphone resistance was confined to patients with lepromatous-type leprosy--i.e., patients with a large bacterial population. Clinical evidence of relapse due to drug resistance appeared 5-24 years after the start of sulphone treatment. Low dosage favoured the appearance of resistance; therefore regular treatment of lepromatous leprosy with dapsone in full dosage is recommended. The attainment of "skin smears negative for leprosy bacilli" is no test of cure of lepromatous leprosy.

Matched MeSH terms: Continental Population Groups
Effects of iodine deficiency on insulin-like growth factor-I, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 levels and height attainment in malnourished children

Wan Nazaimoon WM, Osman A, Wu LL, Khalid BA

Clin Endocrinol (Oxf), 1996 Jul;45(1):79-83.
PMID: 8796142

The expression and synthesis of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 have been shown to be regulated by hormones and nutrition. We study the effects of malnutrition and iodine deficiency on these growth factors and the height attainment of a group of children.

Matched MeSH terms: Continental Population Groups
Diaphroase activity and variants in normal adults and newborns

Eng LI, Loo M, Fah FK

Br J Haematol, 1972 Oct;23(4):419-25.
PMID: 5084807
Matched MeSH terms: Continental Population Groups
Epidemiological Characteristics of Strongyloidiasis in Inhabitants of Indigenous Communities in Borneo Island, Malaysia

Ngui R, Halim NA, Rajoo Y, Lim YA, Ambu S, Rajoo K, et al.

Korean J Parasitol, 2016 Oct;54(5):673-678.
PMID: 27853126

Epidemiological study on strongyloidiasis in humans is currently lacking in Malaysia. Thus, a cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis infection among the inhabitants of longhouse indigenous communities in Sarawak. A single stool and blood sample were collected from each participant and subjected to microscopy, serological and molecular techniques. Five species of intestinal parasites were identified by stool microscopy. None of the stool samples were positive for S. stercoralis. However, 11% of 236 serum samples were seropositive for strongyloidiasis. Further confirmation using molecular technique on stool samples of the seropositive individuals successfully amplified 5 samples, suggesting current active infections. The prevalence was significantly higher in adult males and tended to increase with age. S. stercoralis should no longer be neglected in any intestinal parasitic survey. Combination of more than 1 diagnostic technique is necessary to increase the likelihood of estimating the 'true' prevalence of S. stercoralis.

Matched MeSH terms: Population Groups
Fulltext Radioimmunoassay of serum alpha-fetoprotein in patients with different maliganant tumors

Lie-Injo LE, Caldwell J, Ganesan S, Ganesan J

Cancer, 1976 Jul;38(1):341-5.
PMID: 59626 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142%28197607%2938%3A1<341%3A%3AAID-C

The level of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was estimated by radioimmunoassay in 153 normal healthy Malysians of different ethnic groups. The mean level was 7.5 In1/ml (SD 2.28InU/ml). Among 330 patients with malignant tumors, 11 had increased levels of AFP. The only patient who had hepatoma had a very high level of serum AFP. High levels were also found in three of four patients with dysgerminoma of the ovary, in the only two patients with carcinoma of the testis, and in one patient with secondary carcinoma of the humerus of unknown origin. Lower, but significantly increased levels were observed in one patient (of 48) with breast carcinoma, one patient (of 8) with basal cell carcinoma of the nose, one patient (0f 27) with carcinoma of the lung, and one patient (of 59) with nasopharynegeal carcinoma.

Matched MeSH terms: Continental Population Groups
A study of immunoglobulin levels among Singapore infants and children

Paul FM, Leng T, Wee R

J Singapore Paediatr Soc, 1972 Apr;14(1):1-16.
PMID: 4626321
Matched MeSH terms: Continental Population Groups
Treatment of thyrotoxicosis with radioactive iodine: a report on 137 cases

Dharmalingam SK, Taek YS, Mahadev V

Med J Malaya, 1970 Sep;25(1):3-7.
PMID: 4249493
Matched MeSH terms: Continental Population Groups
Fulltext A comparison of aesthetic outcome between tissue adhesive and subcuticular suture in thyroidectomy wound closure in a multiracial country: A randomized controlled trial

Teoh LY, Chong SS, Hoh SY, Teoh MS, Ng KL

Asian J Surg, 2019 May;42(5):634-640.
PMID: 30446424 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2018.09.014

OBJECTIVES: Monofilament sutures, both absorbable and non-absorbable, have been used for wound closure. Tissue adhesive has been used in closure of clean, low tension wounds. However, there have been very few published studies on the aesthetic outcomes in neck surgeries. The aim of this study is to compare the patients' and doctors' satisfaction scores in the aesthetic outcome between both methods of closure of thyroidectomy wounds using validated scoring systems.
METHODS: A double-blinded randomised controlled trial comparing the aesthetic outcome between tissue adhesive and conventional suture was conducted among patients undergoing thyroid and parathyroid surgeries. Ninety-six patients were randomised into two treatment groups. Patients' wounds were scored by an independent observer using the SBSES score at 6 weeks postoperatively and observer component of the POSAS score at 3 months.
RESULTS: Forty-nine patients were randomised to the tissue adhesive group while forty-seven patients received the conventional method. There was no statistical difference in the aesthetic outcome using the patient's scoring system between both arms, with a median score of 9 (p = 0.25, SD ± 6.5). The observer's satisfaction score using POSAS was also not statistically significant (median score of 14 (p = 0.77, SD ± 6.2)). No significance was found in the observer's median score using the SBSES scoring system either (score 3, p = 0.12, SD ± 1.3). However, there was significant reduction in the duration of closure using glue (4.42 mins vs 6.36 mins, p

Matched MeSH terms: Continental Population Groups
Fulltext Ocular manifestation of vitamin A deficiency among Orang asli (Aborigine) children in Malaysia

Ngah NF, Moktar N, Isa NH, Selvara S, Yusof MS, Sani HA, et al.

Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2002;11(2):88-91.
PMID: 12074186

This study determined the prevalence of ocular manifestation of vitamin A deficiency in Orang Asli (Aborigine) children. Night blindness was found in 16.0% of the children, conjunctiva xerosis in 57.3%, Bitot's spot in 2.8%, corneal xerosis in 0.5% and corneal scars in 5.6%. These findings show that history of night blindness had sensitivity, specificity and predictive value (positive) of 47.2, 98.1 and 96.2%, respectively, compared with the standard diagnosis procedure using luxometer readings.

Matched MeSH terms: Continental Population Groups
Fulltext Diabetes in Central America

West KM, Kalbfleisch JM

Diabetes, 1970 Sep;19(9):656-63.
PMID: 5469119 DOI: 10.2337/diab.19.9.656

The prevalence of diabetes in Central America was somewhat greater than in East Pakistan and Malaya, less
than in Uruguay and Venezuela, and substantially less than in affluent societies such as the United States. Differences in prevalence among Central American countries were modest but probably significant in some instances. In all Central American countries diabetes was more common in females but this difference was probably attributable to the greater adiposity of the women. Age-matched populations from eleven different countries of three continents have now been tested using standardized methods. Prevalence of diabetes varied greatly, and differences were more related to environment than to race. These results support the hypothesis that environmental factors can increase or reduce prevalence by several-fold.

Matched MeSH terms: Continental Population Groups
Changing sex ratio of mortality in the Semai Senoi, 1969-1987

Fix AG

Hum Biol, 1991 Apr;63(2):211-20.
PMID: 2019414

An excess of male over female deaths is characteristic of modern national populations, whereas in some high-mortality societies female mortality exceeds that of males. Among the Semai Senoi, a Malaysian Orang Asli ("aboriginal") population, women experienced higher mortality than males in the decades before 1969. This differential occurred in all age classes older than 15 years so that the sex ratio progressively increased with age. A recent (1987) restudy of the Semai population found that sex-specific differential mortality is much reduced. A comparison of the 1969 and 1987 life tables shows a sharp shift in the sex ratios of mortality for the post-15-year-old age classes (the geometric means of age classes 15-44 were 0.768 in 1969 and 0.997 in 1987) so that male and female expectations of further life at age 15 are now nearly identical. In contrast to the best-known cases of high female mortality (mostly in South Asia), Semai sex differential mortality does not include the childhood ages. The Semai have traditionally been relatively sexually egalitarian, and sex bias in care has not occurred. Analysis of sex-specific causes of death for the pre-1969 population suggests that maternal mortality is the major cause of the excess female deaths. The reduced number of maternal deaths seems largely due to better health care, particularly the availability of hospital services. Interestingly, the reduction in female mortality has occurred simultaneously with increased fertility, and overall mortality has continued at relatively high levels (eO less than 36). Thus, rather than forming a component of a unitary demographic transition, declining sex differences in mortality can be accounted for by a specific factor, better maternal care.

Matched MeSH terms: Continental Population Groups

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