Displaying publications 41 - 52 of 52 in total

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  1. Ramachandran V, Ismail P, Stanslas J, Shamsudin N
    PMID: 19243623 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-8-11
    The renin-angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) plays an important role in regulating the blood pressure and the genetic polymorphisms of RAAS genes has been extensively studied in relation to the cardiovascular diseases in various populations with conflicting results. The aim of this study was to determine the association of five genetic polymorphisms (A6G and A20C of angiotensinogen (AGT), MboI of renin, Gly460Trp of aldosterone synthase and Lys173Arg of adducin) of RAAS genes in Malaysian essential hypertensive and type 2 diabetic subjects.
    Matched MeSH terms: Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics*
  2. Chia SE, Mohamed Ali S, Yap PH, Gan L, Ong YB, Chia KS
    Neurotoxicology, 2009 Mar;30(2):214-9.
    PMID: 19135476 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2008.12.004
    Organophosphate (OP)-containing pesticides are widely used worldwide for domestic and industrial purposes. Studies on acute and chronic exposure to OPs have revealed numerous health effects attributed mainly to acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition. The enzyme human serum paraoxonase (PON1) is involved in the detoxification of OP compounds. PON1 polymorphisms have been shown to affect susceptibility to OP exposure. We studied the effect of OP exposure on pest control workers and assessed the distribution of two common PON1 polymorphisms in our local population. The exposed group consisted of 103 workers from various pest control companies under the Singapore Pest Management Association while the 91 unexposed workers were from a lead stabilizer factory. For all workers, the mean age was 36.9 (20-70) years and the ethnic distribution was 38.1% Chinese, 44.3% Malay and 17.5% Indian. The mean+/-S.D. exposure duration among the pesticide workers was 10.4+/-8.4 years. The mean+/-S.D. RBC cholinesterase level was 18436.2+/-2078U/L and 18079.6+/-1576U/L for the exposed and unexposed groups, respectively (p=0.216). The mean+/-S.D. serum pseudocholinesterase was 11028.4+/-2867.4U/L and 9433.6+/-2022.6U/L in the exposed and unexposed groups, respectively (p<0.0001). Mean paraoxonase activity was similar among Chinese and Malays (266.5 and 266.3U/L, respectively) whereas that of the Indians was significantly lower (165.6U/L). Our study showed that cholinesterase levels among the exposed were not lower than those in the unexposed group. PON1 polymorphisms differed among ethnic groups, implying that ethnicity could be an important surrogate for identifying susceptible groups in case of OP exposure. Although OP poisoning is rare among occupationally exposed workers in Singapore, this information is useful for other developing countries that have large populations of Chinese, Malays and Indians where OP exposure could be very high especially in agricultural settings.
    Matched MeSH terms: Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics*
  3. Jalil NJ, Bannur Z, Derahman A, Maskon O, Darinah N, Hamidi H, et al.
    J Pharm Pharm Sci, 2015;18(3):474-83.
    PMID: 26517138
    PURPOSE:   Enzymes potentially responsible for the pharmacokinetic variations of aspirin include cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT1A6) and P450 (CYP) (CYP2C9). We therefore aimed to determine the types and frequencies of variants of COX-1 (A-842G), UGT1A6 (UGT1A6*2; A541G and UGT1A6*3; A522C) and CYP2C9 (CYP2C9*3; A1075C) in the three major ethnic groups in Malaysia. In addition, the role of these polymorphisms on aspirin-induced gastritis among the patients was investigated.

    METHODS: A total of 165 patients with cardiovascular disease who were treated with 75-150 mg daily dose of aspirin and 300 healthy volunteers were recruited. DNA was extracted from the blood samples and genotyped for COX-1 (A-842G), UGT1A6 (UGT1A6*2 and UGT1A6*3) and CYP2C9 (CYP2C9*3; A1075C) using allele specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR).

    RESULTS: Variants UGT1A6*2,*3 and CYP2C9*3 were detected in relatively high percentage of 22.83%, 30.0% and 6.50%, respectively; while COX-1 (A-842G) was absent. The genotype frequencies for UGT1A6*2 and *3 were significantly different between Indians and Malays or Chinese. The level of bilirubin among patients with different genotypes of UGT1A6 was significantly different (p-value < 0.05). In addition, CYP2C9*3 was found to be associated with gastritis with an odd ratio of 6.8 (95 % Cl OR: 1.39 - 33.19; P = 0.033).

    CONCLUSION: Screening of patients with defective genetic variants of UGT1A6 and CYP2C9*3 helps in identifying patients at risk of aspirin induced gastritis. However, a randomised clinical study of bigger sample size would be needed before it is translated to clinical use.

    Matched MeSH terms: Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics*
  4. Naidu R, Yip CH, Taib NA
    Med Oncol, 2012 Jun;29(2):411-7.
    PMID: 21301999 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-011-9837-8
    The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the association between TCF7L2 rs12255372(G/T) or rs7903146(C/T) polymorphism and breast cancer risk, and clinico-pathologic characteristics of the patients. Genotyping of these polymorphisms was performed on 387 breast cancer patients and 252 normal and healthy women who had no history of any malignancy using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method in a hospital-based Malaysian population. The allele (P = 0.033) frequency of rs7903146 (T) polymorphism was significantly higher in the cancer patients than normal individuals. No significant association was demonstrated between CT (OR(adj) = 1.386; 95% CI, 0.985-1.949) or TT (OR(adj) = 1.579; 95% CI, 0.869-2.870) genotype and breast cancer risk. However, women who were carriers of T allele (OR(adj) = 1.316; 95% CI, 1.022-1.695) or T allele genotype (OR(adj) = 1.419; 95% CI, 1.027-1.960) showed significant increased risk of breast cancer. Women who were GT heterozygotes (OR(adj) = 1.329; 95% CI, 0.948-1.862) or TT homozygotes (OR(adj) = 1.574; 95% CI, 0.829-2.987), and carriers of T allele genotype (OR(adj) = 1.365; 95% CI, 0.989-1.883) or T allele (OR(adj) = 1.284; 95% CI, 0.995-1.657) were not associated with breast cancer risk. The rs7903146(T) allele genotype was significantly associated with nodal involvement (P = 0.003) but rs12255372 (T) allele genotype was not associated with the clinico-pathologic characteristics. In conclusion, our findings suggest that rs7903146 (T) variant may elevate the risk of breast cancer, thus could be a potential candidate for breast cancer susceptibility. The variant may also increase the metastatic potential of the tumor.
    Matched MeSH terms: Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics*
  5. Tan SC, Suzairi MS, Aizat AA, Aminudin MM, Nurfatimah MS, Bhavaraju VM, et al.
    Med Oncol, 2013 Dec;30(4):693.
    PMID: 23996241 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-013-0693-6
    The inhibitory protein IκBα, encoded by the NFKBIA gene, plays an important role in regulating the activity of nuclear factor-kappa B, a transcription factor which has been implicated in the initiation and progression of cancers. This study aimed to evaluate the association of NFKBIA -826C>T (rs2233406) and -881A>G (rs3138053) polymorphisms with the risk of sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) in Malaysian population. A case-control study comprising 474 subjects (237 CRC patients and 237 cancer-free controls) was carried out. The polymorphisms were genotyped from the genomic DNA of the study subjects employing PCR-RFLP, followed by DNA sequencing. The association between the polymorphic genotypes and CRC risk was evaluated by deriving odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) using unconditional logistic regression analysis. The two polymorphisms were in complete and perfect linkage disequilibrium (D' = 1.0, r (2) = 1.0). Overall, no statistically significant CRC risk association was found for the polymorphisms (P > 0.05). A similar lack of association was observed when the data were stratified according to ethnicity (P > 0.05). However, stratification by gender revealed a significant inverse association between the heterozygous genotype of the polymorphisms and the risk of CRC among females (OR 0.53, 95 % CI 0.29-0.97, P = 0.04), but not among males (P > 0.05). In conclusion, the heterozygous genotype of the polymorphisms could contribute to a significantly decreased CRC risk among females, but not males, in the Malaysian population.
    Matched MeSH terms: Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics*
  6. Luglio HF, Sulistyoningrum DC, Huriyati E, Lee YY, Wan Muda WAM
    Nutrients, 2017 Jul 07;9(7).
    PMID: 28686191 DOI: 10.3390/nu9070716
    BACKGROUND: Obesity has been associated with leptin resistance and this might be caused by genetic factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the gene-lifestyle interaction between -866G/A UCP2 (uncoupling protein 2) gene polymorphism, dietary intake and leptin in a population based study.

    METHODS: This is a cross sectional study conducted in adults living at urban area of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Data of adiposity, lifestyle, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, leptin and UCP2 gene polymorphism were obtained in 380 men and female adults.

    RESULTS: UCP2 gene polymorphism was not significantly associated with adiposity, leptin, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, dietary intake and physical activity (allp> 0.05). Leptin was lower in overweight subjects with AA + GA genotypes than those with GG genotype counterparts (p= 0.029). In subjects with AA + GA genotypes there was a negative correlation between leptin concentration (r= -0.324;p< 0.0001) and total energy intake and this correlation was not seen in GG genotype (r= -0.111;p= 0.188).

    CONCLUSIONS: In summary, we showed how genetic variation in -866G/A UCP2 affected individual response to leptin production. AA + GA genotype had a better leptin sensitivity shown by its response in dietary intake and body mass index (BMI) and this explained the protective effect of A allele to obesity.

    Matched MeSH terms: Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics
  7. Tan SSN, Fong AYY, Mejin M, Gerunsin J, Kong KL, Chin FYY, et al.
    Pharmacogenomics, 2017 08;18(13):1225-1239.
    PMID: 28745576 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2017-0078
    BACKGROUND: Patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug-eluting stents (DES) who have impaired clopidogrel response, have a higher risk of subsequent major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE).

    AIM OF THE STUDY: To establish the relationship between CYP2C19 genotype, clopidogrel responsiveness and 1-year MACE.

    MATERIALS & METHODS: Aspirin/clopidogrel responses were assessed with Multiplate Analyzer and CYP2C19*2 allele by SpartanRx.

    RESULTS: A total of 42.0% carried ≥1 CYP2C19*2 allele. Prevalences of aspirin and clopidogrel high on-treatment platelet reactivity (HPR; local cutoffs: 300 AU*min for aspirin and 600 AU*min for clopidogrel) were 11.5% and 19.8% respectively. In multivariate ana-lysis, clopidogrel HPR was found to be an independent predictor for 1-year MACE (adj HR: 3.48, p = 0.022 ).

    CONCLUSION: Having clopidogrel HPR could be a potentially modifiable risk factor guided by phenotyping.

    Matched MeSH terms: Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics*
  8. Ramli FF
    Bosn J Basic Med Sci, 2021 Apr 01;21(2):145-154.
    PMID: 32841585 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2020.4897
    Methadone has a wide pharmacokinetic interindividual variability, resulting in unpredicted treatment response. Pharmacogenomic biomarkers seem promising for personalized methadone maintenance treatment. The evidence supports the use of ABCB1 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) 1236C>T with genotypes C/T or C/C (Jewish) and haplotypes AGCTT carrier, AGCGC heterozygote, or non-carrier (Caucasian), which have a predicted lower methadone dose requirement. In contrast, ABCB1 SNP 1236C>T with genotype T/T (Jewish); haplotypes AGCGC homozygote, AGCTT non-carrier (Caucasian), and ABCB1 3435C>T variant carrier; and haplotypes CGT, TTC, and TGT (Han Chinese) have a predicted higher methadone dose. For methadone plasma levels, ABCB1 diplotype non-CGC/TTT (Malay) predicted lower, and diplotype CGC/TTT (Malay), 3435C>T allelic carrier, haplotypes (CGT, TTC, TGT) (Han Chinese) predicted higher methadone levels. In terms of metabolism biomarkers, a lower methadone requirement was related to carriers of CYP2B6 genotypes *4(G/G) and *9(T/T) among Jewish patients, CYP2B6*9 genotype (T/T) and haplotypes (TA/TG); and CYP2C19 (*2/*2,*2/*3, and *3/*3; Han Chinese). Higher methadone dose was observed in CYP2C19*1 allelic carriers (Han Chinese) and CYP2D6 ultrarapid metabolizer (Caucasian). Lower methadone levels were reported in CYP2B6 SNPs, haplotypes TTT, and AGATAA (Han Chinese), CYP2C19 genotype *1/*1 (Han Chinese), allelic carrier *1xN (Caucasian), and CYP3A4 genotype *1/*1 (Caucasian). Carriers of CYP2B6 genotype *6/*6 (Caucasian), CYP2B6 haplotypes ATGCAG and ATGCTG (Han Chinese), and CYP3A4 genotype *1/*1B (Caucasian) had predicted higher methadone plasma levels. Specific pharmacokinetics biomarkers have potential uses for personalized methadone treatment in specific populations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics
  9. Haerian BS, Lim KS, Mohamed EH, Tan HJ, Tan CT, Raymond AA, et al.
    Seizure, 2011 Jun;20(5):387-94.
    PMID: 21316268 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2011.01.008
    It is proposed that overexpression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), encoded by the ABC subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1) gene, is involved in resistance to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in about 30% of patients with epilepsy. Genetic variation and haplotype patterns are population specific which may cause different phenotypes such as response to AEDs. Although several studies examined the link between the common polymorphisms in the ABCB1 gene with resistance to AEDs, the results have been conflicting. This controversy may be caused by the effect of some confounders such as ethnicity and polytherapy. Moreover, expression of the ABCB1 gene is under the control of pregnane X receptor (PXR). Evidence showed that PXR gene contribute to the response to treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the association of ABCB1 and PXR genetic polymorphisms with response to the carbamazepine (CBZ) or sodium valproate (VPA) monotherapy in epilepsy. Genotypes were assessed in 685 Chinese, Indian, and Malay epilepsy patients for ABCB1 (C1236T, G2677T, C3435T) and PXR (G7635A) polymorphisms. No association between these polymorphisms and their haplotypes, and interaction between them, with response to treatment was observed in the overall group or in the Chinese, Indian, and Malay subgroups. Our data showed that these polymorphisms may not contribute to the response to CBZ or VPA monotherapy treatment in epilepsy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics*
  10. Al-Absi B, Razif MFM, Noor SM, Saif-Ali R, Aqlan M, Salem SD, et al.
    Genet Test Mol Biomarkers, 2017 Oct;21(10):592-599.
    PMID: 28768142 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2017.0084
    BACKGROUND: Genome-wide and candidate gene association studies have previously revealed links between a predisposition to acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and genetic polymorphisms in the following genes: IKZF1 (7p12.2; ID: 10320), DDC (7p12.2; ID: 1644), CDKN2A (9p21.3; ID: 1029), CEBPE (14q11.2; ID: 1053), and LMO1 (11p15; ID: 4004). In this study, we aimed to conduct an investigation into the possible association between polymorphisms in these genes and ALL within a sample of Yemeni children of Arab-Asian descent.

    METHODS: Seven single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IKZF1, three SNPs in DDC, two SNPs in CDKN2A, two SNPs in CEBPE, and three SNPs in LMO1 were genotyped in 289 Yemeni children (136 cases and 153 controls), using the nanofluidic Dynamic Array (Fluidigm 192.24 Dynamic Array). Logistic regression analyses were used to estimate ALL risk, and the strength of association was expressed as odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals.

    RESULTS: We found that the IKZF1 SNP rs10235796 C allele (p = 0.002), the IKZF1 rs6964969 A>G polymorphism (p = 0.048, GG vs. AA), the CDKN2A rs3731246 G>C polymorphism (p = 0.047, GC+CC vs. GG), and the CDKN2A SNP rs3731246 C allele (p = 0.007) were significantly associated with ALL in Yemenis of Arab-Asian descent. In addition, a borderline association was found between IKZF1 rs4132601 T>G variant and ALL risk. No associations were found between the IKZF1 SNPs (rs11978267; rs7789635), DDC SNPs (rs3779084; rs880028; rs7809758), CDKN2A SNP (rs3731217), the CEBPE SNPs (rs2239633; rs12434881) and LMO1 SNPs (rs442264; rs3794012; rs4237770) with ALL in Yemeni children.

    CONCLUSION: The IKZF1 SNPs, rs10235796 and rs6964969, and the CDKN2A SNP rs3731246 (previously unreported) could serve as risk markers for ALL susceptibility in Yemeni children.

    Matched MeSH terms: Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics
  11. Annuar AA, Ankathil R, Mohd Yunus N, Husin A, Ab Rajab NS, Abdul Aziz AA, et al.
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2021 Feb 01;22(2):565-571.
    PMID: 33639675 DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.2.565
    BACKGROUND: The FAS mediated apoptosis pathway involving the FAS and FASL genes plays a crucial role in the regulation of apoptotic cell death and imatinib mesylate (IM) mechanism of action. Promoter polymorphisms FAS-670 A>G and FAS-844 T>C which alter the transcriptional activity of these genes may grant a risk to develop cancer and revamp the drug activities towards the cancer cell. We investigated the association of these two polymorphisms with the susceptibility risk and IM treatment response in Malaysian chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) patients.

    METHODS: This is a retrospective study, which included 93 CML patients and 98 controls. The polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was used to genotype the FAS and FASL polymorphisms. Data nanlysis was done using SPSS Version 22. The associations of the genotypes with susceptibility risk and IM response in CML patients were assessed by means of logistic regression analysis and deriving odds ratio with 95% CI.

    RESULTS: We observed a significant association between FASL-844T>C polymorphism and CML susceptibility risk and IM response. Variant C allele and FASL-844 CC variant genotype carriers had significantly higher risk for CML susceptibility (OR 1.756, CI 1.163-2.652, p=0.007 and OR 2.261, CI 1.013-5.047, p=0.047 respectively). Conversely, the heterozygous genotype FASL-844 TC conferred lower risk for CML susceptibility (OR 0.379, CI 0.176-0.816, p=0.013). The heterozygous and homozygous variant genotypes and variant C alleles were found to confer a lower risk for the development of IM resistance with OR 0.129 (95% CI: 0.034-0.489 p=0.003), OR 0.257 (95% CI: 0.081-0.818, p=0.021), and OR 0.486 (95% CI: 0.262-0.899, p=0.021) respectively. We also found that FAS-670 A>G polymorphism was not associated with CML susceptibility risk or IM response.

    CONCLUSION: The genetic polymorphism FASL-844 T>C may contribute to the CML susceptibility risk and also IM treatment response in CML patients. Accodringly, it may be useful as a biomarker for predicting CML susceptibility risk and IM resistance.

    Matched MeSH terms: Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics*
  12. Das S, Kar A, Manna S, Mandal S, Mandal S, Das S, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2021 05 11;11(1):9946.
    PMID: 33976269 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89295-0
    Artemisinin is the frontline fast-acting anti-malarial against P. falciparum. Emergence and spread of resistant parasite in eastern-India poses a threat to national malaria control programs. Therefore, the objective of our study is to evaluate the artesunate-sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine efficacy in Central India. 180 monoclonal P. falciparum-infected patients received standard ASSP therapy during August 2015-January 2017, soon after diagnosis and monitored over next 42-days. Artemisinin-resistance was assessed through in-vivo parasite clearance half-life (PC1/2), ex-vivo ring-stage survivability (RSA), and genome analysis of kelch13 and other candidate gene (pfcrt, pfmdr1, pfatpase 6, pfdhfr and pfdhps). Of 180 P. falciparum positive patients, 9.5% showed increased PC1/2 (> 5.5 h), among them eleven isolates (6.1%) showed reduced sensitivity to RSA. In 4.4% of cases, parasites were not cleared by 72 h and showed prolonged PC1/2(5.6 h) (P 
    Matched MeSH terms: Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics
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