Displaying publications 601 - 620 of 1733 in total

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  1. Fulltext Reverse engineering of Ayurvedic lipid based formulation, ghrita by combined column chromatography, normal and reverse phase HPTLC analysis
    Duraipandi S, Selvakumar V, Er NY
    BMC Complement Altern Med, 2015;15:62.
    PMID: 25885542 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0568-9
    Ghritas are ayurvedic lipid based preparations in which oil or ghee is boiled with prescribed kasaya (polyherbal decoction) and kalka (fine paste of herbs) until the evaporation of aqueous phase transfers the contents into oily phase. The polyherbal decoction used in the preparation predominantly contains water soluble Active Botanical Ingredients (ABIs).
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
  2. Feasibility study of biodiesel production using lipids of Hermetia illucens larva fed with organic waste
    Leong SY, Kutty SR, Malakahmad A, Tan CK
    Waste Manag, 2016 Jan;47(Pt A):84-90.
    PMID: 25872864 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.03.030
    Hermetia illucens larvae by nature are a decomposer which fed on organic wastes. This study explores the potential of producing biodiesel using lipids from H. illucens larvae. Three types of organic wastes (sewage sludge, fruit waste and palm decanter cake from oil palm mill) were selected based on considerable generation and disposal concern in the area of study as well as lack of investigations as feed for Hermetia illucens larvae in current literatures. Growth rate of the larvae was determined with studying the changes in the biomass per day. H. illucens larvae fed with fruit waste and palm decanter cake have shown growth rates of 0.52±0.02 and 0.23±0.09 g d(-1), respectively. No positive sign of growth were observed in the larvae fed with treated sewage sludge (-0.04±0.01 g d(-1)). Biodiesel as fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) was synthesized by transesterification of the larvae lipid using sulphuric acid as catalyst in methanol. FAME produced was ascertained using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and GC-MS. The main compositions of fatty acid were found to be C12:0, C16:0 and C18:1n9c. Fatty acid composition of C12:0 fed with fruit waste, sewage sludge and palm decanter was found to be most abundant in the larvae lipid. The amount of C12:0 obtained was 76.13%, 58.31% and 48.06%, respectively. In addition, fatty acid of C16:0 was attained at 16.48% and 25.48% fed with sewage sludge and palm decanter, respectively. Based on the findings, FAME derived from larvae lipids is feasible to be used for biodiesel production.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
  3. Survey of fungal counts and natural occurrence of aflatoxins in Malaysian starch-based foods
    Abdullah N, Nawawi A, Othman I
    Mycopathologia, 1998;143(1):53-8.
    PMID: 10205885
    In a survey of starch-based foods sampled from retail outlets in Malaysia, fungal colonies were mostly detected in wheat flour (100%), followed by rice flour (74%), glutinous rice grains (72%), ordinary rice grains (60%), glutinous rice flour (48%) and corn flour (26%). All positive samples of ordinary rice and glutinous rice grains had total fungal counts below 10(3) cfu/g sample, while among the positive rice flour, glutinous rice flour and corn flour samples, the highest total fungal count was more than 10(3) but less than 10(4) cfu/g sample respectively. However, in wheat flour samples total fungal count ranged from 10(2) cfu/g sample to slightly more than 10(4) cfu/g sample. Aflatoxigenic colonies were mostly detected in wheat flour (20%), followed by ordinary rice grains (4%), glutinous rice grains (4%) and glutinous rice flour (2%). No aflatoxigenic colonies were isolated from rice flour and corn flour samples. Screening of aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin B2, aflatoxin G1 and aflatoxin G2 using reversed-phase HPLC were carried out on 84 samples of ordinary rice grains and 83 samples of wheat flour. Two point four percent (2.4%) of ordinary rice grains were positive for aflatoxin G1 and 3.6% were positive for aflatoxin G2. All the positive samples were collected from private homes at concentrations ranging from 3.69-77.50 micrograms/kg. One point two percent (1.2%) of wheat flour samples were positive for aflatoxin B1 at a concentration of 25.62 micrograms/kg, 4.8% were positive for aflatoxin B2 at concentrations ranging from 11.25-252.50 micrograms/kg, 3.6% were positive for aflatoxin G1 at concentrations ranging from 25.00-289.38 micrograms/kg and 13.25% were positive for aflatoxin G2 at concentrations ranging from 16.25-436.25 micrograms/kg. Similarly, positive wheat flour samples were mostly collected from private homes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
  4. Fatty acid compositions in local sea cucumber, Stichopus chloronotus, for wound healing
    Fredalina BD, Ridzwan BH, Abidin AA, Kaswandi MA, Zaiton H, Zali I, et al.
    Gen. Pharmacol., 1999 Oct;33(4):337-40.
    PMID: 10523072
    Fatty acid profile from crude extracts of local sea cucumber Stichopus chloronotus was determined using gas chromatography (GC) technique. The extracts were prepared separately in methanol, ethanol, phosphate buffer saline (PBS), and distilled water as part of our study to look at the affinity of these solvents in extracting the lipid from sea cucumber. The PBS and distilled water extractions indicate water-soluble components, while the organic fractions are extracted in methanol and ethanol as organic solvents. Furthermore, water extraction is the conventional method practiced in Malaysia. In our analysis the C14:0 (myristic), C16:0 (palmitic), C18:0 (stearic), C18:2 (linoleic), C20:0 (arachidic), and C20:5 (eicosapentaenoic, EPA) were significantly different (p < 0.01) in the four solvent extractions. However, the PBS extraction contained a much higher percentage of EPA (25.69%) compared to 18.89% in ethanol, 7.84% in distilled water, and only 5.83% in methanol, and variances were significantly different (p < 0.01 ). On the other hand, C22:6 (docosahexaenoic acid or DHA) is much higher in water extraction (57.55%), in comparison to the others where only 3.63% in PBS and 1.20% in methanol, and this difference is significant at p < 0.01. No DHA was detected in ethanol extractions. Subsequently, C18:1 (oleic acid) was only detected in PBS (21.98%) and water extraction (7.50%). It is interesting that palmitic acid, C16:() was higher in methanol (20.82%) and ethanol (2.18%), while 12.55% was detected in PBS and only 2.20% in water extraction: and again this was significantly different at p < 0.01. Although our results have shown that all four solvents were different in terms of their ability to extract fatty acids, the major component for tissue repair was well preserved. Probably this is one of the important precocious steps when working with a delicate sea cucumber, in both experimental and/or at the preparative stages. Freshness of the sea cucumber samples is important when undertaking this type of experiment. Finally, we believe that the local sea cucumber S. chloronotus contains all the fatty acids required to play a potential active role in tissue repair.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, Gas
  5. Adsorption, desorption, and mobility of two insecticides in Malaysian agricultural soil
    Ismai BS, Enoma AO, Cheah UB, Lum KY, Malik Z
    J Environ Sci Health B, 2002 Jul;37(4):355-64.
    PMID: 12081027
    Laboratory studies utilizing radioisotopic techniques were conducted to determine the adsorption, desorption, and mobility of endosulfan (6,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxanthiepin3-oxide) and methamidophos (O,S-dimethyl phosphorothioate) in sandy loam and clay soils of the Cameron Highlands and the Muda rice-growing area, respectively. High Freundlich adsorption distribution coefficients [Kads(f)] for endosulfan (6.74 and 18.75) and low values for methamidophos (0.40 and 0.98) were obtained in the sandy loam and clay soils, respectively. The observed Koc values for endosulfan were 350.85 (sandy loam) and 1143.19 (clay) while Koc values of 20.92 (sandy loam) and 59.63 (clay) were obtained for methamidophos. Log Kow of 0.40 and 1.25 were calculated for endosulfan as well as -1.96 and -1.21 for methamidophos in the sandy loam and clay soils, respectively. Desorption was common to both pesticides but the desorption capacity of methamidophos from each soil type far exceeded that of endosulfan. Soil thin layer chromatography (TLC) and column studies showed that while methamidophos was very mobile in both soils, endosulfan displayed zero mobility in clay soil.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, Thin Layer
  6. A direct high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of therminol 66 contamination in commercial glycerin and fatty acids
    Moh MH, Tang TS, Tan GH
    J Chromatogr Sci, 2001 Dec;39(12):508-12.
    PMID: 11767238
    A simple and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of Therminol 66 thermal heating fluid in glycerin and fatty acids is developed. Sample solutions dissolved in methanol-tetrahydrofuran (50:50, v/v) are injected directly into a reversed-phase C18 column and eluted with a methanol and water mixture (88:12, v/v). The concentration of the thermal heating fluid is monitored by fluorescence detection at 257 nm (excitation) and 320 nm (emission). The calibration graph obtained from various concentrations of the thermal heating fluid in the methanol and tetrahydrofuran mixture is linear (correlation coefficient = 0.999), and the limit of detection is 0.01 microg/mL. Spiked glycerin containing 0.1 to 1.0 microg/g of the thermal heating fluid also gives good linearity with a mean recovery of 95.3%. The mean intra- and interassay precision are 1.80-6.51% and 5.71-9.03%, respectively, at the 0.1-microg/g level. The method is simple and does not require any pretreatment step, thus it is ideal for quality assurance purposes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
  7. Application of the artificial neural network in quantitative structure-gradient elution retention relationship of phenylthiocarbamyl amino acids derivatives
    Tham SY, Agatonovic-Kustrin S
    J Pharm Biomed Anal, 2002 May 15;28(3-4):581-90.
    PMID: 12008137
    Quantitative structure-retention relationship(QSRR) method was used to model reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) separation of 18 selected amino acids. Retention data for phenylthiocarbamyl (PTC) amino acids derivatives were obtained using gradient elution on ODS column with mobile phase of varying acetonitrile, acetate buffer and containing 0.5 ml/l of triethylamine (TEA). Molecular structure of each amino acid was encoded with 36 calculated molecular descriptors. The correlation between the molecular descriptors and the retention time of the compounds in the calibration set was established using the genetic neural network method. A genetic algorithm (GA) was used to select important molecular descriptors and supervised artificial neural network (ANN) was used to correlate mobile phase composition and selected descriptors with the experimentally derived retention times. Retention time values were used as the network's output and calculated molecular descriptors and mobile phase composition as the inputs. The best model with five input descriptors was chosen, and the significance of the selected descriptors for amino acid separation was examined. Results confirmed the dominant role of the organic modifier in such chromatographic systems in addition to lipophilicity (log P) and molecular size and shape (topological indices) of investigated solutes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
  8. Quantitative application of fecal sterols using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to investigate fecal pollution in tropical waters: western Malaysia and Mekong Delta, Vietnam
    Isobe KO, Tarao M, Zakaria MP, Chiem NH, Minh le Y, Takada H
    Environ Sci Technol, 2002 Nov 1;36(21):4497-507.
    PMID: 12433157
    This is the first report on fecal pollution using molecular markers in Southeast Asia where serious sewage pollution has occurred. A simple and sensitive analytical method using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for 10 sterols in various environmental samples was developed to monitor extensive areas of tropical Asia. First, the method was applied to wastewater to confirm that >95% of sterols existed in the particulate phase. Then the approach was applied to a tropical Asian region, Malaysia and Vietnam, with a selection of 59 sampling stations in total. River water and sediment samples were collected and analyzed for chemical markers (coprostanol and other sterols) and microbiological markers (fecal coliforms and fecal streptococci). Particulate coprostanol concentrations ranged from <0.0001 to 13.47 microg/L in tropical river and estuarine waters, indicating severe fecal pollution in populous areas. Coprostanol concentrations in the sediments ranged from 0.005 to 15.5 microg/g-dry. The sedimentary coprostanol concentrations were lower than those reported in some urban areas of industrialized countries. This is probably because frequent heavy rain induces intensive input of eroded soil, which dilutes fecal material in river sediments. The relationship between the concentrations of fecal sterols and bacterial indicators was examined in an attempt to develop public health criteria for coprostanol levels applicable to the tropical region. Coprostanol concentrations of 30-100 ng/L or percent coprostanol levels of 2% corresponded to approximately 1000 fecal coliforms per 100 mL, which is set for secondary contact limit in many countries. These coprostanol concentrations were lower than those proposed as criteria in temperate countries, probably owing to greater survival of bacteria in warmer tropical waters. On the basis of these criteria, extensive monitoring of sediments suggests that poor sanitary conditions exist in most of the urbanized area of Malaysia and in several urban and rural sites in Vietnam.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
  9. Distribution of oil and grease and petroleum hydrocarbons in the Straits of Johor, peninsular Malaysia
    Abdullah AR, Woon WC, Bakar RA
    Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 1996 Jul;57(1):155-62.
    PMID: 8661474
    Matched MeSH terms: Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
  10. Comparison of solvent extraction and solid-phase extraction for the determination of organochlorine pesticide residues in water
    Tan GH
    Analyst, 1992 Jul;117(7):1129-32.
    PMID: 1524230
    Solid-phase extraction (SPE) of organochlorine pesticide residues from environmental water samples was evaluated using octadecyl (C18)-bonded porous silica. The efficiency of SPE of these pesticide residues from reagent water samples at 1-5 micrograms dm-3 levels was compared with those obtained by solvent extraction with hexane and Freon TF (trichlorotrifluoroethane). Average recoveries exceeding 80% for these organochlorine pesticides were obtained via the SPE method using small cartridges containing 100 mg of 40 microns C18-bonded porous silica. The average recovery by solvent extraction with hexane and Freon TF exceeded 90% in both instances. It was concluded that the recoveries and precision for the SPE of organochlorine pesticides were poorer than those for the solvent extraction method. Organochlorine pesticide residue levels in environmental water samples from two major rivers flowing through predominantly rice-growing areas were monitored by gas chromatography using the solvent extraction method with hexane. Exceptionally high levels of organochlorine pesticide residues such as BHC, DDT, heptachlor, endosulfan and dieldrin were found in these water samples.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, Gas
  11. Hydrocarbons in seawater and sediment from the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia
    Abdullah AR, Tahir NM, Wei LK
    Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 1994 Oct;53(4):618-26.
    PMID: 8000192
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, Gel
  12. Fatty acid compositions in mucus and roe of Haruan, Channa striatus, for wound healing
    Jais AM, Matori MF, Kittakoop P, Sowanborirux K
    Gen. Pharmacol., 1998 Apr;30(4):561-3.
    PMID: 9522175
    1. Fatty acid profiles in the external mucus extract and roe of Channa striatus were determined using gas chromatography (GC). 2. The mucus samples were collected by inducing hypothermic stress (-20 degrees C) for about 1 hr, and the roe were collected from gravid females at night soon after they liberated their eggs in a spawning program. 3. All mucus and roe samples were freeze-dried, except a part of roe which was not. 4. The mucus extract contained unsaturated fatty acid (oleic acid, C18:1 and linoleic acid, C18:2) as a major component, 21.25% and 22.47% of total lipid. 5. For the freeze- and nonfreeze-dried roe, the major components of fatty acid were somewhat similar to the mucus but with higher percentages: 58.56%, 26.08% and 45.76%, 20.94%. Interestingly, the nonfreeze-dried roe contained a large proportion of arachidic acid, C20:0 (22.16%), which was totally absent in the freeze-dried roe samples. 6. This profiling of the fatty acid mucus extract and roe is useful in strengthening the earlier claims that haruan possesses a potential remedy for wound healing (Mat Jais et al., 1994). Therefore, we are discussing the possibility of getting an optimum amount of the essential fatty acid for wound healing from various other parts of the fish without sacrificing the fish.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, Gas
  13. Analysis of pesticide residues in Peninsular Malaysian waterways
    Huat TG, Hock GS, Vijayaletchumy K
    Environ Monit Assess, 1991 Oct;19(1-3):469-79.
    PMID: 24233962 DOI: 10.1007/BF00401334
    The use of organochlorine pesticides has caused concern due to their effects on human health and the Malaysian aquatic ecosystem, particularly so in view of their persistent and bioaccumulative properties. Since the extent of organochlorine pesticide pollution in Malaysian waterways is unknown except for isolated instances, a systematic survey has now been carried out. Water samples from various rivers were extracted, cleaned up with Florisil and analysed for the individual organochlorine pesticides by gas chromatography (GC) with an electron capture detector (ECD). DDE, DDT and heptachlor were present in all the river water samples of the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Other organochlorine pesticides were also identified from the water samples. However, the levels of all these are still below criteria values for Malaysian aquatic life, indicating that organochlorine pesticide pollution is less of a problem than other organic or inorganic pollutants.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, Gas
  14. Phenolic water pollutants in a Malaysian River basin
    Abdullah P, Nainggolan H
    Environ Monit Assess, 1991 Oct;19(1-3):423-31.
    PMID: 24233958 DOI: 10.1007/BF00401330
    Phenolic chemicals with their very low taste and odour thresholds, high persistence and toxicity, are of growing concern as water pollutants. The compounds are known to exist in raw water as well as in treated water. The level of phenolic priority pollutants in water within the catchment area of the Linggi River Treatment Plant in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia, which includes the Linggi river basin, was monitored. The 4-aminoantipyrin colourimetric method was used to determine total phenols whereas capillary column gas chromatography was used to determine the individual compounds. The results show that at most sampling stations, particularly those within the Seremban municipality, the level of phenols was found to exceed the recommended Malaysian standard of 2.0 μg/L(-1) for raw water. This is seen as the direct impact of industrial and urbanization of the area and clearly indicates the unhealthy state of the Linggi river. The results also indicate the need to improve the water quality if the river is going to be used as a source of raw water.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, Gas
  15. Fulltext Cerebrospinal fluid lactic acid concentration in bacterial meningitis
    Pit S, Jamal F, Isahak I, Minhaj AA
    Med J Malaysia, 1987 Dec;42(4):302-5.
    PMID: 3454403
    Lactic acid concentration was determined in 37 specimens of cerebrospinal fluid by gas liquid chromatography. It was found to be raised (30 mg/dl) in 15 specimens from culture positive cases of bacterial meningitis and one of fungal meningitis. It was < 30 mg/dl in cerebrospinal fluid from four cases of viral meningoencephalitis and 10 contaminated specimens. It was also raised in two specimens from culture negative cases. Determination of cerebrospinal fluid lactic acid concentration by gas liquid chromatography provides a useful, additional test in the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, Gas
  16. An evaluation of TLC systems for opiate analysis
    Rajananda V, Nair NK, Navaratnam V
    Bull Narc, 1985 Jan-Mar;37(1):35-47.
    PMID: 4063572
    The authors selected 38 thin-layer-chromatography (TLC) systems described in the available literature published over the last 10 years and evaluated those systems with respect to their suitability for detection and identification of opiates in urine, opium and heroin, as well as adulterants in heroin. A total of 14 substances: 8 opiates (morphine, 6-monoacetylmorphine, diacetylmorphine, codeine, acetylcodeine, noscapine, papaverine and thebaine) and 6 adulterants (ephedrine, quinine, methadone, caffeine, cocaine and strychnine) were used as test samples for this research. Using laboratory-coated plates and pre-coated plates, 15 and 13 TLC systems, respectively, were found to be able to detect and identify morphine and codeine in urine without interference from the remaining 12 substances. For the detection of opiates in opium samples as well as opiates and adulterants in illicit heroin samples the TLC system: chloroform-n-hexane-triethylamine (9:9:4) which was developed by the National Drug Research Centre, Penang, Malaysia, was found to be most suitable on both laboratory-coated and pre-coated plates. In addition, the following two systems, one on laboratory-coated plates--hexane-chloroform-diethylamine (50:30:7)--and the other on pre-coated plates--benzene-dioxane-ethanol-ammonia (50:40:5:5; T-7)--were also found to be among most suitable TLC systems for the analysis of opiates in opium samples. The article also presents the relative cost of each of the 38 evaluated TLC systems.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, Thin Layer
  17. Homocystinuria-a case report
    Peng LH, Perumal R
    Med J Malaysia, 1976 Mar;30(3):213-9.
    PMID: 985681
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography
  18. Fulltext Reinventing nano drug delivery systems for hydrophilic active ingredients in Ayurvedic lipid based formulations containing poly herbal decoction
    Duraipandi S, Selvakumar V
    J Ayurveda Integr Med, 2019 01 08;11(3):224-227.
    PMID: 30635246 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2018.01.008
    BACKGROUND: Anu Tailam, an Ayurvedic medicated oil where 'anu' meant for atom and 'tailam' meant for oil and virtually meant for 'oil of subtle or atomic size particles'. Since the major active ingredients in this formulation are incorporated from the polyherbal decoction, it is expected to contain predominantly water soluble ingredients.

    OBJECTIVES: It is hypothesized that these polar active botanical ingredients are present in the formulation should be either suspended in the form of submicron particles or entrapped in the submicron vesicular structures since the formulation did not show any precipitation or phase separation instead showed a monophasic oily liquid with very little moisture.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the present investigation, the micro architecture of the anu tailam is studied via column chromatography and high performance thin layer chromatography to prove the contents are polar hydrophilic compounds followed by optical microscopy, photon correlation Spectroscopy (PCS) and environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) to study the particle/vesicle size of the formulation.

    RESULTS: In this study, it was proved that the formulation contained only polar ingredients and can be extracted in polar solvents like methanol and ethanol. It was also found that the formulation taken for study contained nano particles of the active botanical ingredients embedded in a network of vesicular structures of the lipid base.

    CONCLUSION: The selected Ayurvedic formulation 'anutailam' found to contain novel nano drug delivery system to deliver water soluble ingredients across barriers.

    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, Thin Layer
  19. Fulltext Optimization of headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) for the extraction of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in MD2 pineapple
    Syaidatul Faraha Zainuddin, Siti Raihan Zakaria, Norashikin Saim, Rossuriati Dol Hamid, Rozita Osman
    Science Letters, 2020;14(2):58-70.
    MyJurnal
    Headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) was employed for the extraction of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in MD2 pineapple (Ananas comosus L. var. comosus cv. MD2). Optimisation of HS-SPME operating parameters was conducted using three-factor, three-level Box–Behnken response surface experimental design to evaluate the interactive effects of temperature (30 – 50 ºC), extraction time (10 – 30 min) and salting effect (1 – 3 g of salt addition) on the amount of selected VOCs. Determination of VOCs was done using gas chromatography with spectrometry detector (GC-MSD). Extraction temperature was found to be significant (p < 0.05) in increasing the amount of selected VOCs (ethyl acetate, methyl isobutyrate and butanoic acid methyl ester). Based on the maximum amount of these VOCs, the optimum operating extraction conditions for HS-SPME were set up at temperature of 30 °C, time of 29 min and salt addition of 1 g. The optimized HS-SPME conditions were employed for the extraction of VOCs from pineapple of different varieties.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
  20. Fulltext Inhibition of Quorum Sensing and Biofilm Formation in Chromobacterium violaceum by Fruit Extracts of Passiflora edulis
    Venkatramanan M, Sankar Ganesh P, Senthil R, Akshay J, Veera Ravi A, Langeswaran K, et al.
    ACS Omega, 2020 Oct 13;5(40):25605-25616.
    PMID: 33073086 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02483
    Chromobacterium violaceum (C. violaceum) is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped facultatively anaerobic bacterium implicated with recalcitrant human infections. Here, we evaluated the anti-QS and antibiofilm activities of ethyl acetate extracts of Passiflora edulis (P. edulis) on the likely inactivation of acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL)-regulated molecules in C. violaceum both by in vitro and in silico analyses. Our investigations showed that the sub-MIC levels were 2, 1, and 0.5 mg/mL, and the concentrations showed a marked reduction in violacein pigment production by 75.8, 64.6, and 35.2%. AHL quantification showed 72.5, 52.2, and 35.9% inhibitions, inhibitions of EPS production (72.8, 36.5, and 25.9%), and reductions in biofilm formation (90.7, 69.4, and 51.8%) as compared to a control. Light microscopy and CLSM analysis revealed dramatic reduction in the treated biofilm group as compared to the control. GC-MS analysis showed 20 major peaks whose chemical structures were docked as the CviR ligand. The highest docking score was observed for hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester bonds in the active site of CviR with a binding energy of -8.825 kcal/mol. Together, we found that hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester remarkably interacted with CviR to inhibit the QS system. Hence, we concluded that hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester of P. edulis could likely be evaluated for treating C. violaceum infections.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
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