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Acne prevalence, severity and risk factors among medical students in Malaysia

Muthupalaniappen L, Tan HC, Puah JW, Apipi M, Sohaimi AE, Mahat NF, et al.

Clin Ter, 2014;165(4):187-92.
PMID: 25203331 DOI: 10.7417/CT.2014.1731

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Acne is a common skin disorder which can cause physical scaring and impact the quality of life. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence, severity and the risk factors for developing acne among medical students in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross sectional study among UKM medical students from academic year 1 to 5 was conducted from July 2011 to May 2012. A total of 361 students were selected by stratified cluster sampling method. Baseline data of the students, risk factors, height and weight were recorded. Acne severity was graded using the Comprehensive Acne Severity Scale (CASS).
RESULTS: The prevalence of acne among medical students is 68.1% (n=246). Males and females were almost equally affected (1:1.1). Majority students with acne were graded as almost clear (55.7%, n=137), mild (35.0%, n=86), moderate (7.7%, n=19), and severe (1.6%, n=4). More than half of them had developed acne scars (59.0%, n= 213). Males were found to be at higher risk of developing acne compared to females (p<0.05, OR=4.734; 95%CL=2.726-8.222). They are also at higher risk of developing moderate and severe grades of acne compared to females (p=0.001). The odds for developing acne was higher when mother (p=0.029; OR=1.752; 95%CL=1.058-2.902) or father (p=0.027; OR=1.852; 95%CL=1.072-3.201) had acne. When both parents were affected by acne the odds of developing acne was 3 times. (p=0.025; OR=3.056; 95%CL=1.153-8.094).
CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that the prevalence of acne among medical students is high. Hence, it is important to identify those at risk and provide optimal treatment to prevent scarring and possible low self esteem among these future doctors.
KEYWORDS: acne vulgaris; medical; prevalence; risk factors; severity; students

Matched MeSH terms: Students, Medical
Fulltext Lifestyle factors and dietary intake of Iranian postgraduate students in Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)

Zarei M, Taib MN, Zarei F

Electron Physician, 2013;5(3):687-97.
PMID: 26120404 DOI: 10.14661/2013.687-697

BACKGROUND: A student's lifestyle can change notably in a foreign country. The objective of this study was to determine factors associated with the body weight status of Iranian postgraduate students in Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) 2009.
METHODS: A self-administered questionnaire was administered to 210 Iranian postgraduate students at UPM. Anthropometric factors also were measured using standard procedures. Body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) also were calculated. The chi-squared test, Spearman's rho, and the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient were used to determine the associations between the variables that were studied. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to measure the amount of influence a predictor variable had on a outcome variable.
RESULTS: There was no significant correlation between nutritional knowledge (P > 0.05), weight-management knowledge (P > 0.05), and smoking (P > 0.05) and BMI. There were statistically significant correlations between gender (P < 0.01), physical activity (P < 0.05), protein (P < 0.01), carbohydrate (P < 0.01), fat (P < 0.01), fiber (P < 0.01), vitamin C (P < 0.05), calcium (P < 0.01), and iron (P < 0.01) and BMI. There were also relationships between body fat (P < 0.01), waist circumference (P < 0.01), hip circumference (P < 0.01) and WHR (P < 0.01) and BMI.
CONCLUSION: Our findings showed the need for a nutrition promotion program for the Iranian students to help them change their negative food habits and improve their lifestyles.
KEYWORDS: Body weight; Dietary intake; Iran; Life style; Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Students
Imported tropical neuroinfections: practice skills and knowledge among nurses and nursing students

Rajoo M, Sulicova A, Mroskova S, Supinova M, Plackova A, Bystra M, et al.

Neuro Endocrinol. Lett., 2013 Sep;34(Suppl 1):45-7.
PMID: 24013609

OBJECTIVE: Tropical neuroinfections are still cause of substantial mortality in travelers. Therefore, good knowledge of early symptoms is very important for nurses acting as first contact persons.
METHODS: Nurse's practical skills and knowledge of signs and early recognition of tropical neuroinfections, providing first aid and quick action has been studied among graduates of two Tropical Nursing PhD programs (in EU-Countries vs. tropical country) using a standardized questionnaire. Statistical package EPI info was used to determine potential differences between both groups of graduates.
RESULTS: Acceptable knowledge on early symptoms and signs of cerebral malaria and meningococcal meningitis in returning travelers was found among 121 graduates of two PhD programs who were included in the study. Of these, 99 questionnaires were filled in Slovakia, Czech Republic and Germany and another 22 were filled in Malaysia, as a part of the Tropical Nursing PhD Study Programs.
CONCLUSION: Nursing students and recent graduates in two PhD programs demonstrated acceptable, although not large-scaled, knowledge of early signs and symptoms of tropical neuroinfections.

Matched MeSH terms: Students, Nursing
Knowledge, attitude and practice of malaysian medical and pharmacy students towards human papillomavirus vaccination

Rashwan HH, Saat NZ, Abd Manan DN

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2012;13(5):2279-83.
PMID: 22901207

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections and oncogenic HPV is the main cause of cervical cancer. However, HPV vaccination is already available as the primary preventive method against cervical cancer. The objective of this study was to determine the level of knowledge, attitude and practice of HPV vaccination among Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) and Universiti Malaya (UM) students. This study was conducted from March until August 2009. Pre-tested and validated questionnaires were filled by the third year UKM (n=156) and UM (n=149) students from medical, dentistry and pharmacy faculties. The results showed that the overall level of knowledge on HPV infection, cervical cancer and its prevention among respondents was high and the majority of them had positive attitude towards HPV vaccination. Medical students had the highest level of knowledge (p<0.05). Very few students (3.6%) had already taken the vaccine with no significant difference between the two Universities (p=0.399). In conclusion, the knowledge and attitude of the respondents were high and positive, respectively. Only few students took HPV vaccination. Thus, more awareness campaigns and HPV vaccination services should be provided at universities' campuses with the price of the HPV vaccine reduced for the students.

Matched MeSH terms: Students, Medical/statistics & numerical data*; Students, Pharmacy/statistics & numerical data*
Using digital photography to facilitate learning for medical students

Loh KY, Boo NY, Cheong SK

Med Educ, 2012 Nov;46(11):1120-1.
PMID: 23078710 DOI: 10.1111/medu.12043
Matched MeSH terms: Students, Medical
Financial planning

Ngeow WC, Choong KF, Ong TK, Shim CN, Wee JM, Lee MY, et al.

Br Dent J, 2008 Dec 13;205(11):583.
PMID: 19079084 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2008.1034
Matched MeSH terms: Students, Dental
Promoting problem-based learning (PBL) in nursing education: A Malaysian experience

Achike FI, Nain N

Nurse Educ Pract, 2005 Sep;5(5):302-11.
PMID: 19040837 DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2005.04.002

Since the introduction of problem-based learning (PBL) into medical education in the late 1960s, several new and old medical schools have adopted this approach the main attraction of which includes the promotion of student-centered and life-long learning, team spirit, communication skills and enquiry. With an ever-increasing information base and changing attitudes in the health sciences, these are highly desirable characteristics of the health worker of the future, who will be required to grapple with these phenomenal changes. From medical education, the PBL approach has inevitably spread to other disciplines, especially the health-related disciplines. In the Asia-pacific region (Malaysia in particular), PBL was introduced into medical education in the early 1970s, but the growth has been slow; the reasons are discussed. Only recently (in the 1990s) have more medical and non-medical schools started to adopt PBL. The management of the Pantai Institute of Health Science and Nursing decided to adopt PBL for the Nursing curriculum. A one-day introductory workshop was, therefore, organized to expedite the process. Post-workshop feedback obtained through a five-point Likert scale questionnaire indicated a successful outcome. The workshop process is, therefore, documented as reference especially for Nursing colleges in places where PBL expertise is in short supply.

Matched MeSH terms: Students
A pilot survey on perceptions and knowledge of generic medicines among consumers in Penang, Malaysia

Al-Gedadi NA, Hassali MA, Shafie AA

Pharm Pract (Granada), 2008 Apr;6(2):93-7.
PMID: 25157287

OBJECTIVE: To explore the consumers' perceptions and knowledge towards issues surrounding generic medicines utilization in Penang, Malaysia.
METHODS: A cross sectional survey was conducted with consumers who attended the annual University open day. Using convenience sampling, survey forms were distributed to the respective consumers via the help of a group of trained 1st year pharmacy students. For a period of 5 days, 400 respondents had participated in the survey. Analysis of the response from the collected forms yielded in 396 usable forms.
RESULTS: Only 28.3% (n=112) of the respondents were familiar with the term "generic medicines". More than 70% of the respondents do not know that generic medicines can be marketed under different names. About 34% (n=38) of consumers stated that they had been given information regarding generics by their pharmacists. In terms of side effects, about 32% (n=127) of the respondents felt that generic medicines may cause more side effects than branded medicines. Majority of the consumers surveyed (64%) understand that generic cost less compared to their branded counterparts.
CONCLUSION: This survey showed that there is a gap in consumers' knowledge and understanding about generic medicines. The findings also suggest that direct patient education by the healthcare providers on issues relating to safety and efficacy of generic medicines could further enhance their uptake.

Matched MeSH terms: Students, Pharmacy
Anatomy learning styles and strategies among Jordanian and Malaysian medical students: the impact of culture on learning anatomy

Mustafa AG, Allouh MZ, Mustafa IG, Hoja IM

Surg Radiol Anat, 2013 Jul;35(5):435-41.
PMID: 23292088 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-012-1067-z

The study aims to investigate anatomy learning styles and strategies of Jordanian and Malaysian medical students at the Jordan University of Science and Technology.

Matched MeSH terms: Students, Medical
Academic integrity of health care educators: requisite for nurturing professionalism

Tiong JJ, Mai CW, Yong AC

Med Educ, 2015 Nov;49(11):1060-2.
PMID: 26494059 DOI: 10.1111/medu.12828
Matched MeSH terms: Students, Medical
Predictors affecting breast self-examination practice among undergraduate female students in Klang Valley, Malaysia

Akhtari-Zavare M, Lattif LA, Juni MH, Md Said S, Ismail IZ

J Obstet Gynaecol Res, 2015 Dec;41(12):1982-7.
PMID: 26554636 DOI: 10.1111/jog.12819

Abstract
AIM:
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide, including Malaysia. In developing countries, predictors affecting breast self-examination (BSE) practice are different. This cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of BSE practice and the predictors affecting BSE practice among undergraduate female students in Klang Valley, Malaysia.

MATERIAL AND METHODS:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 820 female undergraduate students to assess the BSE performance and related determinants of BSE practice in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Data were collected via a self-administered structured questionnaire that was developed for this study.

RESULTS:
The mean age of the respondents was 21.7 ± 1.2 years old. Most of them were single (96.8%), Malay (91.9%) and 19.6% of the participants performed BSE regularly. Multivariate logistic regression modeling revealed that BSE performance was more likely among women who have checked their breast with a doctor (odds ratio = 2.04, P = 0.00), and women who have personal history of breast disease (odds ratio = 4.43, P = 0.03).

CONCLUSION:
The findings showed a low BSE practice rate among young Malaysian women. Hence, the community's breast health awareness is needed to improve breast cancer prevention among young Malaysian women.

KEYWORDS:
Malaysia; breast self-examination; predictors

Matched MeSH terms: Students
Fulltext Short-term acute effects of gutkha chewing on heart rate variability among young adults: A cross-sectional study

Itagi AB, Arora D, Patil NA, Bailwad SA, Yunus GY, Goel A

Int J Appl Basic Med Res, 2016 Jan-Mar;6(1):45-9.
PMID: 26958522 DOI: 10.4103/2229-516X.174008

An increase in the consumption of smokeless tobacco has been noticed among high school, college students, and adults. Despite the antiquity and popularity of chewing tobacco in India, its effects have not been investigated systematically in humans. The aim of this study was to investigate acute effects of gutkha chewing on heart rate variability (HRV) among healthy young adults.

Matched MeSH terms: Students
Fulltext Effective communication barriers in clinical teaching among Malaysian medical students in Zagazig Faculty of Medicine (Egypt)

Abass MA, Said NS, Zahed ES, Hussein WF, Hamid OI

Electron Physician, 2015 Dec;7(8):1638-43.
PMID: 26816591 DOI: 10.19082/1638

INTRODUCTION: Effective communication in a clinical environment plays a vital role in patient assessment and treatment. The aim of this study was to understand the experiences of Malaysian medical students concerning communication barriers during clinical practice. The goal was to provide answers for three important research questions, i.e., 1) Are communication barriers an impediment to Malaysian students during clinical teaching? 2) What is the nature of the language barriers that the students encounter? and 3) What are the best ways of reducing these barriers during clinical teaching?
METHODS: The qualitative method was used to conduct the research, and open-ended questionnaires were used to collect the data. The study was conducted on 95 fourth-, fifth-, and sixth-year students, 80% of whom completed the study.
RESULTS: Medical students from Malaysia who have limited knowledge of the Arabic language experience some difficulties in communicating with staff members, patients, and nurses during their clinical practices.
CONCLUSION: Successful orientation of students to the language used in the clinical environment will help the students overcome the communication barriers they encounter during their clinical practices.
KEYWORDS: Arabic language; Malaysia; clinical environment; communication barriers; medical students

Matched MeSH terms: Students, Medical
Preface and Constitution of the Asian Society of Ichthyologists

Page LM, Nor SA

Zootaxa, 2015;3962(1):5-9.
PMID: 26249377 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3962.1.3

The U.S. National Science Foundation-funded (DEB 1022720) 'All Cypriniformes Species Inventory' was initiated in 2010 and will be completed in 2015. It has accelerated the rate of discovery and description of cypriniform fishes, expanded our knowledge of the phylogenetic relationships of cypriniforms, increased the capacity for systematic research in other countries through student training and establishing long-term collaborations, including conferences in Thailand in 2012, Brunei in 2013, Burundi in 2013, and Malaysia in 2014, led to the formation of the Asian Society of Ichthyologists, and made available large numbers of specimens and tissues of freshwater fishes, including many species never before collected, in permanent collections in foreign and U.S. institutions.

Matched MeSH terms: Students
Community Residency Programme (CRP)--a tool for research and rural health training for medical students

Yadav H

Med J Malaysia, 2002 Dec;57 Suppl E:94-8.
PMID: 12733201

Rural health training is an important element in the training of medical students in the University of Malaya. There is a need for the undergraduates to be familiar with the rural health infrastructure and to understand the social and economic aspects of the rural poor. The objective of the training is to make the students understand the problems faced by the poor in the rural areas so that when they practice in rural health areas, after graduation, they will understand the problems of the rural poor. They will have the knowledge of the diseases in the rural areas and also understand the community and the environmental factors that contribute to the disease. The training lasts' for 4 weeks, one week for lectures on health survey, two weeks for the field trip and one week of data analysis and presentation of their findings to an expert panel. During the field trip the students are divided into groups and they go to different parts of the country. Each group will do a field survey to find out the socio-demography, environmental, economic, nutritional and health problems in the village. In addition to the survey they also do a research project on any topic. The students also do social work, visit places of public health interest like the water treatment plant, sewage disposal, factory visits and others. Apart from technical skills in statistics and epidemiology, various other managerial skills like leadership, teamwork, communications and public relations are also learnt during the training. In conclusion this rural health training is an important aspect of the medical students training as it imparts several skills to them that are needed as a doctor.

Matched MeSH terms: Students, Medical
Critical appraisal--is there a need to train medical students how to read the literature?

Karina R, Nooriah S

Med J Malaysia, 2002 Dec;57 Suppl E:78-82.
PMID: 12733198

Critical appraisal refers to the skill of reading a piece of research in a very objective and structured way. It allows for the reader to assess the quality and validity of the evidence put forward. With the emphasis on evidence-based practice in the medical profession, the ability to critically appraise the literature should be instilled into medical students. Currently, the push to encourage research shows great effort in the medical curriculum, through the incorporation of elective research programmes, by many medical institutions. But how ready are the students to even understand the research literature, let alone conduct a research? The current system throws these students into 'the deep end' of research conduct without equipping them with the tools necessary to do so. Very often this becomes a problem that snowballs through specialist training right up to the practice of medicine. The possibilities and means of introducing the skills of critical appraisal via the curriculum should be explored. In this age of self-directed and problem-based learning, a purely didactic teaching method of "how to read the literature" is surely outdated. The concept should be integrated into medical teaching, including within the implementation of the PBL system, in both the clinical and non-clinical settings, and by the introduction of the 'journal club' concept. Training of the trainers should also be considered. With the early training of critical appraisal, it can hopefully become an unconscious competence of medical graduates, who not only can produce quality research, but also able to identify quality information.

Matched MeSH terms: Students, Medical
Fulltext Paederus dermatitis amongst medical students in USM, Kelantan

Mokhtar N, Singh R, Ghazali W

Med J Malaysia, 1993 Dec;48(4):403-6.
PMID: 8183163

We report a retrospective review of 12 medical students with a peculiar erythemato-vesicular dermatitis entomologically caused by an endemic beetle Paederus fuscipes. The clinical features, outcome in these cases and treatment are discussed. The students were residents of hostels in the USM campus in Kubang Kerian, Kelantan. The causative agent in all these cases were found to be Paederus fuscipes (rove beetle). The most common site of involvement in all these cases was the face, followed by the neck. The average duration of symptoms was two days and pruritus was a common symptom. About 83% of the patients made a complete recovery. However two patients (16%) had residual pigmentation.

Matched MeSH terms: Students, Medical
Managing the initial period of implementation of educational change

Shahabudin SH, Safiah N

Med Teach, 1991;13(3):205-11.
PMID: 1745110

Three years ago the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia medical school changed its curriculum from the traditional discipline based curriculum to the integrated organ-system approach. Once change was effected a process of 'refreezing' had to be initiated whereby new responses had to be reintegrated into the ongoing personality or emotional relationships of important people so that the change process will endure and become stable. During this refreezing process the faculty encountered several problems which could thwart further development of the new curricula if left unresolved. The nature of the problems seemed to indicate that curricular change involves more than just efforts at bettering the what and ways of student learning and assessment. A lot of energy was also spent on keeping things going, keeping people motivated, making sure the work was done (at least as well as it has in the past), looking for better ways to do things, weighing new solutions and to be alert to new problems. In ensuring the continuance of change it was important to ensure, from the outset the institutionalization of policies, programmes, procedures and practices for continuing reward, routinization, structural integration into the system, continuing evaluation and providing for continuing maintenance.

Matched MeSH terms: Students, Medical
Fulltext Process evaluation of student health promotion programmes in rural Sabah

Naing Oo Tha, Mohd Yusof Ibrahim, Patricia Sator, Rajesh Kumar, D. Kamarudin D. Mudin, Mohd Saffree Jeffree

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(106):52-52.
MyJurnal

Introduction: The Faculty of Medicine & health sciences, UMS has implemented a co-curricular programme which is aimed to be improving rural health and reducing inequalities of health in Sabah. Groups of medical students are formed and distributed in various areas of rural remote areas in Sabah. Based on the observation and interview find-ings, each student group conducted health promotion activities with the limited resources. Various health problems were explored in different areas and different ethnic groups of Sabah and students conducted their health promotion activities .There are some questions “Are they effective, how it works in implementation?” Poor implementation can lead to errors in outcome of the programmes. In this paper we focus on process evaluation for measuring the degree to which Health promotion programmes were implemented as designed by using determinant framework (active implementation framework) and process evaluation tools in yearly health promotion programmes from 2009-2018.Methods: The study measures the implementation of programmes with active implementation framework (Explo-ration, Installation, Initial implementation, Full implementation) and process evaluation tools such as validation of implementation integrity using specification of intervention areas, making guidelines and manual for intervention protocol, competency of students and supervisors and fidelity monitoring. We used 7 components of process eval-uation particularly in context( Environmental influences), reach (Target participation), dose delivered (Lectures), dose received (learned by students with assessment methods), fidelity (Adherence to intervention delivery protocol), implementation (rating of execution and receipt of intervention) and recruitment (participant engagement). Results:It was found that fidelity, implementation strategies and some lessons learned after outreach programmes are impor-tantly influence in implementing the programmes. Conclusion: The study shows process evaluation strategies is ideal tool for conducting the rural outreach health promotion programme to reduce the errors and obstacles in implement-ing the programmes to maintain the better quality of the projects.

Matched MeSH terms: Students, Medical
Fulltext Medical professionalism videos on YouTube: Content exploration and appraisal of user engagement

Ahmad T, Sattar K, Akram A

Saudi J Biol Sci, 2020 Sep;27(9):2287-2292.
PMID: 32884409 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.06.007

Background: Social media has become the fastest growing platform for sharing and retrieving information and knowledge, and YouTube is one of the most popular and growing sources of health and educational information video-sharing website. But, videos on this open platform are not peer-assessed, therefore, the accessible data should be adequately assessed. Till date, no exploration and analysis for assessing the credibility and usefulness of Medical professionalism videos available on YouTube are conducted.
Objective: To analyze the video sources, contents and quality of YouTube videos about the topic of medical professionalism.
Methods: A systematic search was accomplished on YouTube videos during the period between March 1, 2020 and March 27, 2020. The phrases as significant words used throughout YouTube web search were 'Professionalism in Medical Education', Professionalism in medicine', 'Professionalism of medical students', 'Professionalism in healthcare'. 'Teaching professionalism', 'Attributes of professionalism'. The basic information collected for each video included author's/publisher's name, total number of watchers, likes, dislikes and positive and undesirable remarks. The videos were categorized into educationally useful and useless established on the content, correctness of the knowledge and the advices. Different variables were measured and correlated for the data analysis.YouTube website was searched the using keywords 'Professionalism in Medical Education', Professionalism in medicine', 'Professionalism of medical students', 'Professionalism in healthcare'. 'Teaching professionalism', and 'Attributes of professionalism'.
Results: After 2 rounds of screening by the subject experts and critical analysis of all the 137 YouTube videos, only 41 (29.92%) were identified as pertinent to the subject matter, i.e., educational type. After on expert viewing these 41 videos established upon our pre-set inclusion/exclusion criteria, only 17 (41.46%) videos were found to be academically valuable in nature.
Conclusion: Medical professionalism multimedia videos uploaded by the healthcare specialists or organizations on YouTube provided reliable information for medical students, healthcare workers and other professional. We conclude that YouTube is a leading and free online source of videos meant for students or other healthcare workers yet the viewers need to be aware of the source prior to using it for training learning.

Matched MeSH terms: Students, Medical

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