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Displaying publications 61 - 69 of 69 in total

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A three-dimensional computed tomographic analysis of the cervical spine in unoperated infants with cleft lip and palate

Rajion ZA, Townsend GC, Netherway DJ, Anderson PJ, Yusof A, Hughes T, et al.

Cleft Palate Craniofac J, 2006 Sep;43(5):513-8.
PMID: 16986980

To investigate anatomical variations and abnormalities of cervical spine morphology in unoperated infants with cleft lip and palate.
Fulltext Evaluation of decellularization process for developing osteogenic bovine cancellous bone scaffolds in-vitro

Al Qabbani A, Rani KGA, Syarif J, AlKawas S, Sheikh Abdul Hamid S, Samsudin AR, et al.

PLoS One, 2023;18(4):e0283922.
PMID: 37018321 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283922

Current immunological issues in bone grafting regarding the transfer of xenogeneic donor bone cells into the recipient are challenging the industry to produce safer acellular natural matrices for bone regeneration. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of a novel decellularization technique for producing bovine cancellous bone scaffold and compare its physicochemical, mechanical, and biological characteristics with demineralized cancellous bone scaffold in an in-vitro study. Cancellous bone blocks were harvested from a bovine femoral head (18-24 months old) subjected to physical cleansing and chemical defatting, and further processed in two ways. Group I was subjected to demineralization, while Group II underwent decellularization through physical, chemical, and enzymatic treatments. Both were then freeze-dried, and gamma radiated, finally producing a demineralized bovine cancellous bone (DMB) scaffold and decellularized bovine cancellous bone (DCC) scaffold. Both DMB and DCC scaffolds were subjected to histological evaluation, scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), quantification of lipid, collagen, and residual nucleic acid content, and mechanical testing. The osteogenic potential was investigated through the recellularization of scaffolds with human osteoblast cell seeding and examined for cell attachment, proliferation, and mineralization by Alizarin staining and gene expression. DCC produced a complete acellular extracellular matrix (ECM) with the absence of nucleic acid content, wider pores with extensive interconnectivity and partially retaining collagen fibrils. DCC demonstrated a higher cell proliferation rate, upregulation of osteogenic differentiation markers, and substantial mineralized nodules production. Our findings suggest that the decellularization technique produced an acellular DCC scaffold with minimal damage to ECM and possesses osteogenic potential through the mechanisms of osteoconduction, osteoinduction, and osteogenesis in-vitro.
Fulltext Evaluation of the osteogenic potential of demineralized and decellularized bovine bone granules following implantation in rat calvaria critical-size defect model

Al Qabbani A, Rani KGA, AlKawas S, Sheikh Abdul Hamid S, Yap Abdullah A, Samsudin AR, et al.

PLoS One, 2023;18(12):e0294291.
PMID: 38127838 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294291

The aim of this study was to compare the ability of demineralized (DMB) and decellularized (DCC) bovine bone granules to support bone regeneration in rat calvaria critical-size defects. DMB and DCC were prepared using a previously published method. The granule size used ranged between 500 and 750 μm. A total of forty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups (n = 24). A pair of 5 mm diameter defects were created on the calvaria of the rats in the right and left parietal bone in both groups. Group A animals received DMB granules and Group B received DCC granules in the right parietal defect side while the left parietal untreated defect acted as sham surgery for both groups. Four animals per group were euthanized in a CO2 chamber at day 7, 14 and 21 post-surgery and the calvaria implantation site biopsy harvested was subjected to osteogenic gene expression analysis. Another four animals per group were euthanized at days 15, 30 and 60 post surgery and the calvaria implantation site biopsy harvested was subjected to histological, immunohistochemistry, RAMAN spectroscopy and Micro-CT analysis at the mentioned time points. Statistical analysis was conducted using t-tests and ANOVA. Histomorphometry showed significantly higher new bone formation in the DCC sites (p<0.05) compared to DMB. Both DMB and DCC implantation sites showed distinct staining for osteocalcin and osteopontin proteins compared to their respective sham sites. By day 21 after implantation, DCC sites demonstrated significantly elevated mRNA levels of osteonectin (p<0.001), osteopontin (p<0.001), osteocalcin (p<0.0001), ALP (p<0.01), and BMP-2 (p<0.001) compared to DMB. However, VEGF expression showed no significant differences at this time point between the two groups. Micro-CT analysis also showed enhanced defect closure and higher bone density in DCC implanted sites while RAMAN spectra demonstrated increased abundance of collagen and bone minerals, especially, PO43- ions than DMB. In conclusion, both DMB and DCC granules demonstrated favorable osteogenic potential in critical-sized defects, with DCC exhibited superior osteoconductive, osteoinductive and osteogenesis properties.
Biomedical Science in Brief

Lotfy M, Badra G, Burham W, Alenzi FQ, Bermejo-Martin JF, Bernardo D, et al.

Br J Biomed Sci, 2006 Jan;63(4):171-184.
PMID: 28700882 DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2006.11732742
Fulltext The In-Vitro Effects of Sea Cucumber (Stichopus sp1) Extract on Human Osteoblast Cell Line

Shahrulazua A, Samsudin A, Iskandar M, Amran A

Malays Orthop J, 2013 Mar;7(1):41-8.
PMID: 25722806 MyJurnal DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1303.015

Despite its claimed therapeutic effects, the action of sea cucumber (known as gamat in the Malay language) on human osteoblast cells is still unknown. We performed in vitro studies utilising extract of Stichopus sp1 (gamat) to elucidate its effects on cell viability and functional activity. We found an inverse relationship between gamat concentration and its effect on osteoblast cell viability (p<0.001). Only gamat concentration at 1mg/ml significantly promoted cell viability at day 3 of incubation. There was a trend towards increased osteoblast cell function in the presence of gamat at 5mg/ml and 10mg/ml but this observation was not consistent at different incubation periods.
Effects of twin-block appliance on upper airway parameters in OSA children with class II malocclusion and mandibular retrognathia: a CBCT study

Zreaqat M, Hassan R, Samsudin AR, Alforaidi S

Eur J Pediatr, 2023 Dec;182(12):5501-5510.
PMID: 37777602 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-05226-3

Twin-block appliance had been advocated as a potential treatment option in paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) due to their favourable effect in enhancing upper airway parameters and improving OSA symptoms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of twin-block appliance therapy on upper airway parameters/dimensions and the apnoea-hypopnea indexes (AHIs) in OSA children with class II mandibular retrognathic skeletal malocclusion using cone-beam computed tomography. This prospective longitudinal study comprised 34 polysomnography-proven OSA growing children with class II mandibular retrognathic skeletal malocclusion between the ages of 8 and 12 years who had completed myofunctional twin-block therapy and matched corresponding controls. The upper airway was segmented into the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and hypopharynx, and the effect of twin-bock treatment on upper airway parameters/dimensions was assessed pre- and posttreatment using CBCT analysis, while a second standard overnight PSG was performed to determine changes in the AHI. At the nasopharynx level, minimal (nonsignificant) increases in all variables were observed within the twin-block group and between the groups (P > 0.05). At the level of the oropharynx, all variables increased significantly in the treatment group and between groups (P
Comparative study between dense and porous hydroxyapatite using light and scanning electron microscopy

Pohchi A, Suzina AH, Samsudin AR, Al-Salihi KA

Med J Malaysia, 2004 May;59 Suppl B:151-2.
PMID: 15468863

This in vivo study revealed that porous hydroxyapatite (PHA) and dense hydroxyapatite (DHA) are good implant materials that can accelerate bone healing and resorbed in acceptable time. But there were differences in the mechanism of the resorption of DHA and PHA due to variability in the physical properties and osteogenicity.
Fulltext Optimization of scanning electron microscope technique for amniotic membrane investigation: A preliminary study

Shehadat SA, Gorduysus MO, Hamid SSA, Abdullah NA, Samsudin AR, Ahmad A

Eur J Dent, 2018;12(4):574-578.
PMID: 30369805 DOI: 10.4103/ejd.ejd_401_17

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the two scanning electron microscope (SEM) preparation protocols and determine the better SEM preparation technique to study stem cells on human amniotic membrane (hAM) scaffold.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Formaldehyde-based protocol and glutaraldehyde-based protocol were compared to evaluate the quality of SEM images for stem cells cultured on hAM scaffold.
RESULTS: The results suggested that formaldehyde-based protocol is better than glutaraldehyde-based protocol in terms of showing clearer topography of the membrane as well as the boarders of the cells. To provide intact surface of the SEM sample and avoid possible ruptures of the hAM or the thin cell layer, it is recommended to perform the dehydration step using graded alcohol concentrations of 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, and 90%, one time for each and twice in 100% for 10 min each. Gold sputter-coating step is not recommended as it does not improve the image quality.
CONCLUSIONS: To obtain clear SEM images, it is recommended to run a preliminary study to determine the better chemicals and conditions of sample preparation even when following preexisting protocols.
Fixed presurgical orthopaedics for bilateral cleft lip and palate

Abu-Rub N, Samsudin AR, Abdullah AB, Abdullah N

Aust Orthod J, 2005 May;21(1):39-43.
PMID: 16433080

Presurgical orthopaedics has been employed since the 1950s as an adjunctive neonatal therapy for the correction of cleft lip and palate. It is accepted that presurgical orthopaedic plates facilitate lip repair and balanced orofacial growth.