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Fulltext Nut intake and 5-year changes in body weight and obesity risk in adults: results from the EPIC-PANACEA study

Freisling H, Noh H, Slimani N, Chajès V, May AM, Peeters PH, et al.

Eur J Nutr, 2018 Oct;57(7):2399-2408.
PMID: 28733927 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1513-0

PURPOSE: There is inconsistent evidence regarding the relationship between higher intake of nuts, being an energy-dense food, and weight gain. We investigated the relationship between nut intake and changes in weight over 5 years.
METHODS: This study includes 373,293 men and women, 25-70 years old, recruited between 1992 and 2000 from 10 European countries in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. Habitual intake of nuts including peanuts, together defined as nut intake, was estimated from country-specific validated dietary questionnaires. Body weight was measured at recruitment and self-reported 5 years later. The association between nut intake and body weight change was estimated using multilevel mixed linear regression models with center/country as random effect and nut intake and relevant confounders as fixed effects. The relative risk (RR) of becoming overweight or obese after 5 years was investigated using multivariate Poisson regressions stratified according to baseline body mass index (BMI).
RESULTS: On average, study participants gained 2.1 kg (SD 5.0 kg) over 5 years. Compared to non-consumers, subjects in the highest quartile of nut intake had less weight gain over 5 years (-0.07 kg; 95% CI -0.12 to -0.02) (P trend = 0.025) and had 5% lower risk of becoming overweight (RR 0.95; 95% CI 0.92-0.98) or obese (RR 0.95; 95% CI 0.90-0.99) (both P trend <0.008).
CONCLUSIONS: Higher intake of nuts is associated with reduced weight gain and a lower risk of becoming overweight or obese.

Matched MeSH terms: Energy Intake
The effect of 10 days of intermittent fasting on Wingate anaerobic power and prolonged high-intensity time-to-exhaustion cycling performance

Naharudin MNB, Yusof A

Eur J Sport Sci, 2018 Jun;18(5):667-676.
PMID: 29485326 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2018.1438520

Many physically active individuals have undertaken intermittent fasting to reduce their daily caloric intake. However, abstaining from meals for a specific length of time may lead to the acute disturbance of highly carbohydrate-dependent exercise performance. The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of 10 days of intermittent fasting on high-intensity type exercises, Wingate anaerobic (WT) and prolonged high-intensity time-to-exhaustion (HIT) cycling test. Twenty participants were randomised into an intermittent fasting (FAS) and a control group (CON). One day after baseline data collection on Day-0 where participants consumed their recommended daily caloric intake (FAS = 2500 ± 143 kcal day-1; CON = 2492 ± 20 kcal day-1) served over a course of five meals, the FAS group consumed only four meals where 40% was restricted by the omission of lunch (FAS = 1500 ± 55 kcal day-1). This diet was then continued for 10 days. Data on exercise performance and other dependent variables were collected on Day-2, -4, -6, -8 and -10. A reduction in WT power in the FAS group was observed on Day-2 (821.74 ± 66.07 W) compared to Day-0 (847.63 ± 95.94 W) with a moderate effect size (p

Matched MeSH terms: Energy Intake
Effects of age on feeding response: Focus on the rostral C1 neuron and its glucoregulatory proteins

Ramlan H, Damanhuri HA

Exp Gerontol, 2020 01;129:110779.
PMID: 31705967 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110779

BACKGROUND: Older people are likely to develop anorexia of aging. Rostral C1 (rC1) catecholaminergic neurons in rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) are recently discovered its role in food intake control. It is well established that these neurons regulate cardiovascular function.
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to determine the effect of age on the function of rostral C1 (rC1) neurons in mediating feeding response.
METHOD: Male Sprague Dawley rats at 3-months (n = 22) and 24-months (n = 22) old were used and further divided into two subgroups; 1) treatment group with 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG) and 2) vehicle group. Feeding hormones such as cholecystokinin (CCK), ghrelin and leptin were analysed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Rat brain was carefully dissected to obtain the brainstem RVLM region. Further analysis was carried out to determine the level of proteins and genes in RVLM that were associated with feeding pathway. Protein expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), phosphorylated TH at Serine40 (pSer40TH), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), phosphorylated AMPK (phospho AMPK) and neuropeptide Y Y5 receptor (NPY5R) were determined by western blot. Expression of TH, AMPK and NPY genes were determined by real-time PCR.
RESULTS: This study showed that blood glucose level was elevated in young and old rats following 2DG administration. Plasma CCK-8 concentration was higher in the aged rats at basal and increased with 2DG administration in young rats, but the leptin and ghrelin showed no changes. Old rats showed higher TH and lower AMPK mRNA levels. Glucoprivation decreased AMPK mRNA level in young rats and decreased TH mRNA in old rats. Aged rC1 neurons showed higher NPY5R protein level. Following glucoprivation, rC1 neurons produced distinct molecular changes across age in which, in young rats, AMPK phosphorylation level was increased and in old rats, TH phosphorylation level was increased.
CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that glucose-counterregulatory responses by rC1 neurons at least, contribute to the ability of young and old rats in coping glucoprivation. Age-induced molecular changes within rC1 neurons may attenuate the glucoprivic responses. This situation may explain the impairment of feeding response in the elderly.

Matched MeSH terms: Energy Intake/physiology*
Fulltext Amelioration of high-fat diet-induced obesity and its associated complications by a myricetin derivative-rich fraction from Syzygium malaccense in C57BL/6J mice

Nallappan D, Chua KH, Ong KC, Chong CW, Teh CSJ, Palanisamy UD, et al.

Food Funct, 2021 Jul 05;12(13):5876-5891.
PMID: 34019055 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00539a

Obesity is a driving factor in the onset of metabolic disorders. This study aims to investigate the effects of the myricetin derivative-rich fraction (MD) from Syzygium malaccense leaf extract on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and its associated complications and its influence on uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) and gut microbiota in C57BL/6J mice. Mice were randomly assigned into four groups (n = 6) and given a normal diet (ND) or high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks to induce obesity. The HFD groups (continued with HFD) were administered 50 mg kg-1 MD (treatment), 50 mg kg-1 metformin (positive control) and normal saline (HFD and ND controls) daily for four weeks via oral gavage. The ten-week HFD-feeding resulted in hyperglycemia and elevated urinary oxidative indices. The subsequent MD administration caused significant weight reduction without appetite suppression and amelioration of insulin resistance, steatosis and dyslipidemia. Besides, MD significantly reduced lipid hydroperoxides and protein carbonyls in tissue homogenates and urine and elevated Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and reduced glutathione (GSH) and thus, alleviated oxidative stress. The weight reduction was correlated with downregulation of inflammatory markers and the increased UCP-1 level, suggesting weight loss plausibly through thermogenesis. The Akkermansia genus (reflects improved metabolic status) in the HFD50 group was more abundant than that in the HFD group while the non-enzymatic antioxidant markers were strongly associated with UCP-1. In conclusion, MD ameliorates obesity and its related complications possibly via the upregulation of UCP-1 and increased abundance of Akkermansia genus and is promising as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of obesity and its associated metabolic disorders.

Matched MeSH terms: Energy Intake
Fulltext Influences of nutrition information on fast food consumption among undergraduates

Vijayakumaran, R.K., Nur Amalina, S.

Food Research, 2018;2(3):228-233.
MyJurnal

This study was carried out to determine the influences of providing nutrition information
on fast food restaurant menus, especially among Malaysian undergraduates, who often eat
outside the campus during the semester. A validated questionnaire, adapted from previous
studies was used to determine the general perception of nutrition information and nutrient
intake when eating at fast food restaurants. A total of 185 undergraduates from three
different schools participated - medical sciences (n=54, 29.2%), dentistry, (n=54, 29.2%),
health sciences (n= 77, 41.6%) in a university. In general, the majority of the
undergraduates ate fast food at least once a week (n= 105, 56.8%) and most of them
preferred to eat outside on weekends (n=156, 84.3%). Majority perceived that it was
important to provide nutrition information at fast food restaurant (n=183, 98.9%). The
mean for calorie, fat and sodium composition of their food choices were significantly
different between before and after providing nutrition information of food items that they
intended to purchase (p

Matched MeSH terms: Energy Intake
Validation of the Malaysian Coping Strategy Instrument to measure household food insecurity in Kelantan, Malaysia

Sulaiman N, Shariff ZM, Jalil RA, Taib MN, Kandiah M, Samah AA

Food Nutr Bull, 2011 Dec;32(4):354-64.
PMID: 22590969

Food insecurity occurs whenever people are not able to access enough food at all times for an active and healthy life or when adequate and safe food acquired by socially acceptable ways is not available.

Matched MeSH terms: Energy Intake
Using reference nutrient density goals with food balance sheet data to identify likely micronutrient deficits for fortification planning in countries in the Western Pacific region

Gibson RS, Cavalli-Sforza T

Food Nutr Bull, 2012 Sep;33(3 Suppl):S214-20.
PMID: 23193773

Collection of nationwide food consumption data at the individual level is the preferred option for planning fortification programs. However, such data are seldom collected in low-income countries. In contrast, Food Balance Sheets (FBS), published annually for approximately 180 countries, may provide a source of national data for program planning.

Matched MeSH terms: Energy Intake*
Nutrient Intake in Vietnamese Preschool and School-Aged Children is Not Adequate: The Role of Dairy

Bao Khanh le N, Burgers MR, Huu Chinh N, Tuoc BV, Dinh Dung N, Deurenberg P, et al.

Food Nutr Bull, 2016 Mar;37(1):100-11.
PMID: 27004970 DOI: 10.1177/0379572116631642

The traditional Vietnamese diet carries the risk of micronutrient deficiencies, and a substantial part of children <11 years do not meet the Vietnamese recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for a range of nutrients. Dairy products are known for their high nutrient density and milk in particular for its provision of high-quality protein and relevant concentrations of calcium, magnesium, vitamin B2, vitamin B12, and pantothenic acid.

Matched MeSH terms: Energy Intake
Fulltext Asperuloside Enhances Taste Perception and Prevents Weight Gain in High-Fat Fed Mice

Ishaq M, Tran D, Wu Y, Nowak K, Deans BJ, Xin JTZ, et al.

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 2021;12:615446.
PMID: 33927690 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.615446

Asperuloside is an iridoid glycoside found in many medicinal plants that has produced promising anti-obesity results in animal models. In previous studies, three months of asperuloside administration reduced food intake, body weight, and adipose masses in rats consuming a high fat diet (HFD). However, the mechanisms by which asperuloside exerts its anti-obesity properties were not clarified. Here, we investigated homeostatic and nutrient-sensing mechanisms regulating food intake in mice consuming HFD. We confirmed the anti-obesity properties of asperuloside and, importantly, we identified some mechanisms that could be responsible for its therapeutic effect. Asperuloside reduced body weight and food intake in mice consuming HFD by 10.5 and 12.8% respectively, with no effect on mice eating a standard chow diet. Fasting glucose and plasma insulin were also significantly reduced. Mechanistically, asperuloside significantly reduced hypothalamic mRNA ghrelin, leptin, and pro-opiomelanocortin in mice consuming HFD. The expression of fat lingual receptors (CD36, FFAR1-4), CB1R and sweet lingual receptors (TAS1R2-3) was increased almost 2-fold by the administration of asperuloside. Our findings suggest that asperuloside might exert its therapeutic effects by altering nutrient-sensing receptors in the oral cavity as well as hypothalamic receptors involved in food intake when mice are exposed to obesogenic diets. This signaling pathway is known to influence the subtle hypothalamic equilibrium between energy homeostasis and reward-induced overeating responses. The present pre-clinical study demonstrated that targeting the gustatory system through asperuloside administration could represent a promising and effective new anti-obesity strategy.

Matched MeSH terms: Energy Intake/drug effects
Fulltext Hypertension among HIV-infected adults receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in Malaysia

Hejazi N, Huang MS, Lin KG, Choong LC

Glob J Health Sci, 2014 Mar;6(2):58-71.
PMID: 24576366 DOI: 10.5539/gjhs.v6n2p58

There are increasing researches about non-communicable disease such as elevated blood pressure among people living with HIV before and after initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). This cross-sectional study was designed to determine the prevalence of hypertension and associated risk factors among 340 HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy at a Malaysian public hospital providing HIV-related treatment. Data on socioeconomic background, anthropometry, medical history and dietary intake of the patients were collected. Hypertension is defined as blood pressure >=130/85 (mm Hg). Prevalence of hypertension was 45.60% (n=155) of which 86.5% of the hypertensive group were male (n=134). The results showed that increase in age (OR 1.051, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.024-1.078), higher body mass index (OR 1.18, 95%CI 1.106-2.71), bigger waist circumference (OR 1.18, 95%CI 1.106-2.71), higher waist-hip ratio (OR 1.070, 95%CI 1.034-1.106), higher fasting plasma glucose (OR 1.332, 95%CI 0.845-2.100) and percentage energy intake from protein >15 (OR 2.519, 95%CI 1.391-4.561) were significant risk factors for hypertension (p<0.001). After adjusting for other variables, increasing age (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.069 95%CI 1.016-1.124, p=0.010), being male (aOR 3.026, 95%CI 1.175-7.794, p=0.022) and higher body mass index (aOR 1.26, 95%CI 1.032-1.551, p=0.024) were independently associated with hypertension. None of the antiretroviral therapy and immunologic factors was linked to hypertension. In conclusion hypertension among PLHIV was linked to the well-known risk factors such as age, gender and body mass index. With HAART, people can live longer by making monitoring and control of some reversible factors, especially excessive weight gain for maintaining quality of life.

Matched MeSH terms: Energy Intake
Nutrition in adverse environments, 3. The metabolic effects of a restricted food intake on men working in a tropical environment

Crowdy JP, Consolazio CF, Forbes AL, Haisman MF, Worsley DE

Hum Nutr Appl Nutr, 1982 Oct;36(5):325-44.
PMID: 7141879

As part of a research programme concerned with the need to lighten the load carried by soldiers engaged in long foot patrols, a field experiment was undertaken in West Malaysia. For 12 d a group of 15 men consumed 7.4 MJ/d (1770 kcal/d) whilst a control group of 14 men ate 12.9 MJ/d (3080 kcal/d); both groups expended on average about 15.8 MJ/d (3770 kcal/d). The low-energy group incurred an energy deficit of 98 MJ (23 410 kcal) with a weight loss of 3.9 kg, whereas corresponding figures for the control group were 37 MJ (8840 kcal) and 2.4 kg. Before, during and after the energy deprivation phase, assessment was made of work capacity (estimated VO2 max), vigilance and military skills but no difference was found between the groups.

Matched MeSH terms: Energy Intake
Fulltext Development of reduced calorie chocolate cake with jackfruit seed (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) flour and polydextrose using response surface methodology (RSM)

Siti Faridah, M.A., Noor Aziah, A.A.

International Food Research Journal, 2012;19(2):515-519.
MyJurnal

Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD) was performed in this study to develop an acceptable reduced calorie chocolate cake. The range of the independent variables, namely Jackfruit Seed (JFS) flour (20-25% replacement of wheat flour) and polydextrose (10-15% replacement of sucrose) were identified which affect the volume, specific volume, symmetry and uniformity of the chocolate cake. The coefficient of determination, R2 values for volume, specific volume, symmetry and uniformity were greater than 0.900. The optimum level for replacement of sugar with polydextrose was at 11% and wheat flour with JFS flour was at 16% with calorie reduction approximately 34% from the control cake formulation.

Matched MeSH terms: Energy Intake
Fulltext Maternal milk supplementation among pregnant women in Kuantan, Pahang

Nor Faezah Baba, Nur Faten Abu Samah, Nor Azwani Mohd Shukri

International Journal of Allied Health Sciences, 2018;2(1):179-190.
MyJurnal

Pregnancy is a crucial period for mothers to ensure proper weight gain and adequate nutrients intakes. This is important for healthy fetal growth. There are increasing numbers of maternal milk supplements which claimed to provide the essential nutrients that are needed during pregnancy such as iron, folic acid, and docohexanoic acid. The current study was conducted to assess the practice of maternal milk supplements (MMS) intake among pregnant women in Kuantan, Pahang, whether or not its consumption plays a role in meeting the requirements for total energy and
nutrients intakes. Questionnaires regarding intake of MMS were distributed to 150 subjects to observe the practice of its consumption. A total of 54 subjects (from 2nd and 3rd trimesters) were interviewed to obtain their diet history using multiple pass 24-hours dietary recall method. Their total energy and nutrients intakes were compared to the Recommended Nutrients Intake for Malaysia (RNI, 2005). It was found that almost three quarter (70%) of the subjects consumed MMS. Women who consumed MMS during pregnancy were found to be significantly younger, of lower parity and lower pre-pregnancy body mass index. It was also shown that the women’s dietary intakes without MMS supplementation were insufficient to meet the RNI for total energy and
some selected nutrients. The results of this study indicate that MMS could play a role in increasing the dietary intakes of total energy, protein, and calcium, of pregnant women who are not consuming these nutrients sufficiently as recommended.

Matched MeSH terms: Energy Intake
Fulltext Food availability and the rising obesity prevalence in Malaysia

Khor, Geok-Lin

International e-Journal of Science, Medicine & Education, 2012;6(10):0-0.
MyJurnal

It is estimated that more than 1.1 billion adults and 115 million children worldwide are overweight. In Malaysia, the second and third National Health and Morbidity Surveys in 1996 and 2006 respectively reported a three-fold increase in obesity prevalence among adults, surging from 4.4% to 14% over the 10-year period. Evidence of rising childhood obesity has also emerged. The aim of this article is to gather evidence from food availability data for an insight into population shifts in dietary patterns that may help explain the rising obesity in this country. The nutrition transition was delineated in conjunction with the epidemiologic transition in order to explain the convergence of dietary practices, and the high prevalence of obesity and diet-related non-communicable diseases worldwide. The Food Balance Sheets for Malaysia from 1967 to 2007 were used to provide estimates and trends for the availability of foods and calories. Evidence is generated that indicate at least two major upward shifts in the dietary patterns in Malaysia in the past 4 decades.
These shifts have led to the rising availability of calories from animal products, and from sugar and sweeteners. These major dietary shifts, together with increased sedentariness, constitute core public health challenges faced in addressing the country’s obesity and noncommunicable diseases (NCD) conundrum.

Matched MeSH terms: Energy Intake
Fulltext Energy and macronutrient intake and risk of differentiated thyroid carcinoma in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study

Zamora-Ros R, Rinaldi S, Tsilidis KK, Weiderpass E, Boutron-Ruault MC, Rostgaard-Hansen AL, et al.

Int J Cancer, 2016 Jan 01;138(1):65-73.
PMID: 26190646 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29693

Incidence rates of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (TC) have increased in many countries. Adiposity and dietary risk factors may play a role, but little is known on the influence of energy intake and macronutrient composition. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between TC and the intake of energy, macronutrients, glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. The study included 477,274 middle-age participants (70.2% women) from ten European countries. Dietary data were collected using country-specific validated dietary questionnaires. Total carbohydrates, proteins, fats, saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats (PUFA), starch, sugar, and fiber were computed as g/1,000 kcal. Multivariable Cox regression was used to calculate multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) by intake quartile (Q). After a mean follow-up time of 11 years, differentiated TC was diagnosed in 556 participants (90% women). Overall, we found significant associations only with total energy (HRQ4 vs .Q1 , 1.29; 95% CI, 1.00-1.68) and PUFA intakes (HRQ4 vs .Q1 , 0.74; 95% CI, 0.57-0.95). However, the associations with starch and sugar intake and GI were significantly heterogeneous across body mass index (BMI) groups, i.e., positive associations with starch and GI were found in participants with a BMI ≥ 25 and with sugar intake in those with BMI

Matched MeSH terms: Energy Intake*
Fulltext Validity and Reliability of a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) to Assess Dietary Intake of Preschool Children

Noor Hafizah Y, Ang LC, Yap F, Nurul Najwa W, Cheah WL, Ruzita AT, et al.

Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2019 11 27;16(23).
PMID: 31783477 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16234722

As there are few food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) to assess the dietary intake of preschool children, this study examined the validity and reliability of an FFQ for this purpose. A total of 210 preschoolers aged 4 to 6 years participated in the validation study, while a subsample of 66 participants joined the reliability study. The FFQ is modified from the ToyBox-study and South East Asian Nutrition Surveys (SEANUTS), and comprised 108 food items from 13 food groups. A three-day estimated dietary record (3DR) was used as reference and reliability was assessed through a second administration of the FFQ (FFQ2), four weeks after the first administration (FFQ1). For the validation study, Spearman's correlation coefficients showed moderate to high correlations (p < 0.001) between FFQ and 3DR. Cross-classification of quartile analysis showed moderate agreement between the two methods. As for reliability, Spearman's correlation coefficients showed moderate to high correlations (p < 0.001) between FFQ1 and FFQ2. Cronbach's alpha values (0.708 to 0.824) and intraclass correlation coefficients (0.710 to 0.826) showed good agreement between repeated FFQs. The results suggest that the FFQ has acceptable validity and good reliability. Hence, the FFQ can be used to assess preschool children's food intake.

Matched MeSH terms: Energy Intake/physiology*
Fulltext Effect of Sequence of Fruit Intake in a Meal on Satiety

Abdul Hakim BN, Yahya HM, Shahar S, Abdul Manaf Z, Damanhuri H

Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2019 11 13;16(22).
PMID: 31766283 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16224464

Little is known about the effects of manipulating sequence of fruit consumption during a meal in suppressing an individual's appetite. Therefore, we investigate the effects of the sequence of fruit intake on satiety and blood glucose in a group of 17 healthy, young male adults. This intervention study repeatedly measured the effects of fruit intake (120 g red apple) before and after a meal and control (no fruit). Ad libitum test meal was weighed before and after a meal. Subjective appetite rating and appetite-related hormones were assessed at regular time intervals. The satiety score was significantly higher for fruit intake before a meal followed by after a meal and control (p < 0.05). Eating fruit before a meal reduced 18.5% (166 kcal) subsequent energy intake compared to control (p < 0.05). Fruit intake before a meal had a significantly higher incremental area under the curve (iAUC) of Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), compared to after a meal (p < 0.05). There were no differences in plasma changes of ghrelin, Cholecystokinin 8 (CCK8), or blood glucose in all sessions. Consuming fruit before a meal potentially enhanced satiety. Further research is required to confirm both short- and long-term effects of the sequence of fruit intake on appetite regulation in a wider population.

Matched MeSH terms: Energy Intake
Determinants of iron status in Malaysian adolescents from a rural community

Foo LH, Khor GL, Tee ES, Dhanaraj P

Int J Food Sci Nutr, 2004 Sep;55(6):517-25.
PMID: 15762316

Iron deficiency anaemia is the most common micronutrient deficiency worldwide. The prevalence of anaemia in the developing countries is three to four times higher than that in the developed countries. The iron status was assessed in 199 apparently healthy male and female adolescents aged 12-19 years living in a fishing community in Sabah, Malaysia. Data on socio-economic characteristics, lifestyles, anthropometry measurements, iron status, and dietary intake were gathered. Dietary intake of energy, iron, and most nutrients (with the exception of protein and vitamin C) were below the recommended levels for Malaysian adolescents. Three-quarters of the iron was derived from plant foods. The mean haemoglobin value for the male was 13.9 +/- 1.3 g/dl with 9.5% having less than 12 g/dl, while the respective figures for the female were 12.4 +/- 1.6 g/dl and 28.6%. The mean serum ferritin concentrations for male and female adolescents were 21.5 and 15.4 microg/l, respectively; with 25.7% of the males and 49.5% of the females having deficient levels of ferritin. Dietary intake of total energy and iron, and gender were found to be independent determinants of serum ferritin and haemoglobin levels, accounting for over 40% of the variations for each of these iron indicators. In males, but not in females, the intake of dietary protein and iron, and physical activity were also found to be significant determinants of serum ferritin. The age of subjects and household size were significant determinants of haemoglobin levels for male subjects, but not for female subjects. The findings indicate the importance of adequate intake of energy and dietary iron for improving the iron status of adolescents.

Matched MeSH terms: Energy Intake/physiology
Factors associated with dietary glycemic index and glycemic load in pregnant women and risk for gestational diabetes mellitus

Hasbullah FY, Mohd Yusof BN, Shariff ZM, Rejali Z, Yong HY, Mitri J

Int J Food Sci Nutr, 2020 Jun;71(4):516-524.
PMID: 31686557 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2019.1686752

The risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increases during the second trimester of pregnancy. However, the role of dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) on GDM risk is controversial. We aimed to determine the association of established risk factors of GDM with GI and GL among healthy pregnant women, and whether GI and GL were subsequently related to GDM risk. Dietary GI and GL were assessed in healthy pregnant women from the Seremban Cohort Study using a food frequency questionnaire. After adjusting for energy intake, high GI was significantly associated with lower household income, shorter stature, higher proportion of carbohydrate intake, lower sugar proportion and lower fibre intake. High GL was significantly associated with younger maternal age, higher carbohydrate proportion and lower fibre intake. GI and GL intakes were not significantly associated with GDM risk. However, they were associated with a few established risk factors of GDM.

Matched MeSH terms: Energy Intake
Needs assessment for patients food intake monitoring among Indonesian healthcare professionals

Budiningsari D, Shahar S, Abdul Manaf Z, Susetyowati S

Int Nurs Rev, 2018 Sep;65(3):317-326.
PMID: 28833124 DOI: 10.1111/inr.12394

AIM: The aim of this study was to provide a needs assessment related to the current practice of food intake monitoring for hospitalized adult patients among healthcare professionals and obtain feedback for the development of a new dietary assessment tool.
BACKGROUND: Continuous effort has been made to identify patients at high risk of malnutrition, but monitoring and documentation of nutritional intake are relative less emphasized upon.
METHODS: A needs assessment through a cross-sectional study design was carried out at six hospitals in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. A self-administered semi-structured questionnaire was filled out by 111 respondents recruited from three different professions (nurses, dietitians and serving assistants) in the wards.
RESULTS: Seventy per cent of the respondents perceived that the current dietary assessment tool used to record patients' food intake was simple; however, the disadvantage of this tool was its tedious process of computing nutritional values of food consumed. Furthermore, more than half respondents encountered problems in conducting food intake record of patients, primarily due to limited number of human resources, followed by time constraints and perception that such dietary assessment as not part of their job scope.
DISCUSSION: This study has revealed important information in developing a simple, valid and reliable dietary assessment tool for monitoring food intake of hospitalized patients to be applied by interdisciplinary hospital professionals.
CONCLUSIONS: Awareness of the important on monitoring nutrient intake of patients should be emphasized among healthcare professionals. The current dietary assessment tool requires modification due to lengthy time taken to complete the task and poor accuracy in intake estimation.
IMPLICATION FOR NURSING AND HEALTH POLICY: Hospitals should provide protocols and guidelines of cooperation among interdisciplinary professionals, including nurses, which includes a simple dietary assessment tool to assist nutritional management of hospitalized patients.

Matched MeSH terms: Energy Intake*

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