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Nut intake and 5-year changes in body weight and obesity risk in adults: results from the EPIC-PANACEA study

Freisling H 1 , Noh H 2 , Slimani N 3 , Chajès V 3 , May AM 4 , Peeters PH 4 Show all authors , Weiderpass E 5 , Cross AJ 6 , Skeie G 5 , Jenab M 3 , Mancini FR 7 , Boutron-Ruault MC 7 , Fagherazzi G 7 , Katzke VA 8 , Kühn T 8 , Steffen A 9 , Boeing H 9 , Tjønneland A 10 , Kyrø C 10 , Hansen CP 11 , Overvad K 11 , Duell EJ 12 , Redondo-Sánchez D 13 , Amiano P 14 , Navarro C 14 , Barricarte A 14 , Perez-Cornago A 15 , Tsilidis KK 6 , Aune D 6 , Ward H 6 , Trichopoulou A 16 , Naska A 16 , Orfanos P 16 , Masala G 17 , Agnoli C 18 , Berrino F 18 , Tumino R 19 , Sacerdote C 20 , Mattiello A 21 , Bueno-de-Mesquita HB 6 , Ericson U 22 , Sonestedt E 22 , Winkvist A 23 , Braaten T 5 , Romieu I 3 , Sabaté J 24

Affiliations 

  • 1 Nutritional Methodology and Biostatistics Group, Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), 150, Cours Albert Thomas, 69372, Lyon Cedex 08, France. freislingh@iarc.fr
  • 2 Nutritional Methodology and Biostatistics Group, Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), 150, Cours Albert Thomas, 69372, Lyon Cedex 08, France
  • 3 Nutritional Epidemiology Group, Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research On Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
  • 4 Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
  • 5 Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
  • 6 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
  • 7 Inserm U1018, Gustave Roussy Institute, CESP, Villejuif, France
  • 8 Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
  • 9 Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
  • 10 Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
  • 11 Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
  • 12 Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, IDIBELL, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
  • 13 Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
  • 14 CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
  • 15 Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
  • 16 Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
  • 17 Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, ISPO, Florence, Italy
  • 18 Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
  • 19 Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, "Civic-M.P.Arezzo" Hospital, ASP Ragusa, Ragusa, Italy
  • 20 Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital and Center for Cancer Prevention (CPO), Turin, Italy
  • 21 Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica E Chirurgia, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
  • 22 Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
  • 23 Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
  • 24 Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, USA
Eur J Nutr, 2018 Oct;57(7):2399-2408.
PMID: 28733927 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1513-0

Abstract

PURPOSE: There is inconsistent evidence regarding the relationship between higher intake of nuts, being an energy-dense food, and weight gain. We investigated the relationship between nut intake and changes in weight over 5 years.

METHODS: This study includes 373,293 men and women, 25-70 years old, recruited between 1992 and 2000 from 10 European countries in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. Habitual intake of nuts including peanuts, together defined as nut intake, was estimated from country-specific validated dietary questionnaires. Body weight was measured at recruitment and self-reported 5 years later. The association between nut intake and body weight change was estimated using multilevel mixed linear regression models with center/country as random effect and nut intake and relevant confounders as fixed effects. The relative risk (RR) of becoming overweight or obese after 5 years was investigated using multivariate Poisson regressions stratified according to baseline body mass index (BMI).

RESULTS: On average, study participants gained 2.1 kg (SD 5.0 kg) over 5 years. Compared to non-consumers, subjects in the highest quartile of nut intake had less weight gain over 5 years (-0.07 kg; 95% CI -0.12 to -0.02) (P trend = 0.025) and had 5% lower risk of becoming overweight (RR 0.95; 95% CI 0.92-0.98) or obese (RR 0.95; 95% CI 0.90-0.99) (both P trend <0.008).

CONCLUSIONS: Higher intake of nuts is associated with reduced weight gain and a lower risk of becoming overweight or obese.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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