Displaying publications 61 - 80 of 131 in total

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  1. Fulltext Socio-environmental predictors of soil-transmitted helminthiasis in a rural community in Malaysia
    Hidayah NI, Teoh ST, Hillman E
    Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1997 Dec;28(4):811-5.
    PMID: 9656406
    Soil-transmitted helminthiasis is a common problem in communities with poor socio-environmental conditions. This study was undertaken to identify important socio-environmental predictors of soil-transmitted helminthiasis in Bachok, a rural community in Kelantan for the development and implementation of an effective prevention and control program. Of 363 children randomly sampled, 38.8% were infected with soil-transmitted helminthiasis. Risk predictors of soil-transmitted helminthiasis found to be significant after adjustment included poor household hygiene score and large household size. The probability of being infected was 0.58 amongst children with both of these risk factors.
    Matched MeSH terms: Helminthiasis/epidemiology*; Helminthiasis/transmission*
  2. Fulltext Soil-transmitted helminthiasis in Selangor, Malaysia
    Kan SP
    Med J Malaysia, 1982 Jun;37(2):180-90.
    PMID: 7132839
    A survey of 25,246 Malay, Chinese and Indian children and adults ranging from birth to over 60 years of age, of both sexes, from 4 types of communities with different conditions of environmental sanitation and socio-economic status revealed an overall incidence of infection with soil-transmitted helminths of 39.6 percent. The incidence of soil-transmitted helminthiasis was highest among rural rubber estates, followed closely by the urban slums or squatter areas and incidence of infection was low in the semi-rural new villages and the urban flats. The commonest helminth in all these areas was Trichuris trichiura and the commonest type of helminthic infection was mixed infections with Ascaris and Trichuris. Infection was most prevalent among Indians, followed closely by Malays. Chinese generally had lower incidences of infection. Soil-transmitted helminthiasis was also more prevalent among the younger age groups, starting from toddlers to 9 years and rising to a peak in the 10-19 years age group. Elderly people (60 years and above) from the squatter areas and some ofthe estates, new villages andflats also had a higher incidence of infection than the older adults (30-59 years). Malay and Indian children (under 15 years of age) having a higher overall incidence of injection also tended to have higher degrees of infection, as estimated by egg counts. There was no significant differences in the distribution of infection between males and females in most of the study areas. However, females in the squatter areas had a higher incidence of infection than males. Conversely, females in some of the flats (Sri Melati and Shaw Road) had a lower incidence of infection than males.
    Matched MeSH terms: Helminthiasis/epidemiology; Helminthiasis/transmission*
  3. Intestinal helminthiasis and abdominal symptoms in adults
    Mahendra Raj S, Sivakumaran S, Vijayakumari S
    Trop Gastroenterol, 1991 Jan-Mar;12(1):21-4.
    PMID: 2058006
    In a study to test the association between soil transmitted intestinal helminthiasis and abdominal symptoms in a non-paediatric age group, 242 randomly selected patients (137 males, 105 females, median age 45 years) were asked specific questions pertaining to abdominal symptoms at the time of admission to the adult medical wards. Stool examination on all patients revealed a round worm prevalence rate of 21%. A larger proportion of stool positive female patients were symptomatic than stool negative females (68% vs 30%, p = 0.04). There was no significant difference in symptoms between stool positive and stool negative male patients (34.6% vs 31%, p = 0.91). The results suggested an association between intestinal nematode infection and abdominal symptoms in females but not in males.
    Matched MeSH terms: Helminthiasis/complications; Helminthiasis/parasitology*
  4. Helminth parasites occurrence in wild proboscis monkeys (Nasalis larvatus), endemic primates to Borneo Island
    Adrus M, Zainuddin R, Ahmad Khairi NH, Ahamad M, Abdullah MT
    J Med Primatol, 2019 12;48(6):357-363.
    PMID: 31486088 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12437
    BACKGROUND: Nasalis larvatus are well-known attraction for tourists in the mangrove forest of Bako National Park (BNP). Little is known regarding the infestation of helminth parasites in proboscis monkeys. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to determine the prevalence species of major helminth parasites of public health importance in proboscis monkeys in BNP.

    METHODS: A total of 65 faecal samples screened for helminth parasites via sodium nitrate floatation and faecal sedimentation techniques.

    RESULTS: A total of 14 helminth parasite species comprising of eight genera of nematodes, two species of cestodes and two trematodes were identified. Eggs of Trichuris trichiura were the most frequently encountered in proboscis monkeys.

    CONCLUSION: This is the first survey on the fauna of helminth parasites of proboscis monkeys living in mangrove forests, and therefore, it implies the important baseline information that increases our current knowledge for future research regarding parasite-host ecology in primates.

    Matched MeSH terms: Helminthiasis, Animal/epidemiology*; Helminthiasis, Animal/parasitology
  5. 100 Questions in Livestock Helminthology Research
    Morgan ER, Aziz NA, Blanchard A, Charlier J, Charvet C, Claerebout E, et al.
    Trends Parasitol, 2019 01;35(1):52-71.
    PMID: 30477758 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2018.10.006
    An elicitation exercise was conducted to collect and identify pressing questions concerning the study of helminths in livestock, to help guide research priorities. Questions were invited from the research community in an inclusive way. Of 385 questions submitted, 100 were chosen by online vote, with priority given to open questions in important areas that are specific enough to permit investigation within a focused project or programme of research. The final list of questions was divided into ten themes. We present the questions and set them briefly in the context of the current state of knowledge. Although subjective, the results provide a snapshot of current concerns and perceived priorities in the field of livestock helminthology, and we hope that they will stimulate ongoing or new research efforts.
    Matched MeSH terms: Helminthiasis, Animal/drug therapy; Helminthiasis, Animal/parasitology*
  6. Fulltext Linking the effects of helminth infection, diet and the gut microbiota with human whole-blood signatures
    Lee SC, Tang MS, Easton AV, Devlin JC, Chua LL, Cho I, et al.
    PLoS Pathog, 2019 12;15(12):e1008066.
    PMID: 31841569 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008066
    Helminth infection and dietary intake can affect the intestinal microbiota, as well as the immune system. Here we analyzed the relationship between fecal microbiota and blood profiles of indigenous Malaysians, referred to locally as Orang Asli, in comparison to urban participants from the capital city of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur. We found that helminth infections had a larger effect on gut microbial composition than did dietary intake or blood profiles. Trichuris trichiura infection intensity also had the strongest association with blood transcriptional profiles. By characterizing paired longitudinal samples collected before and after deworming treatment, we determined that changes in serum zinc and iron levels among the Orang Asli were driven by changes in helminth infection status, independent of dietary metal intake. Serum zinc and iron levels were associated with changes in the abundance of several microbial taxa. Hence, there is considerable interplay between helminths, micronutrients and the microbiota on the regulation of immune responses in humans.
    Matched MeSH terms: Helminthiasis/blood*; Helminthiasis/microbiology*
  7. Risk factors associated with soil transmitted helminth (STH) infection in two indigenous communities in Malaysia
    Nisha M, Aiman M, Asyhira N, Syafiq H, Atiqah N, Kumarasamy V, et al.
    Trop Biomed, 2020 Jun 01;37(2):379-388.
    PMID: 33612807
    Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) could possibly cause mild to severe health effects such as diarrhea, weakness, intestinal blood loss, and impaired cognitive development and growth. In Malaysia, previous studies depicted a high prevalence rate of STH was due to poor hygiene practice and low efficacies of anthelminthic drugs. This study was conducted to investigate hand hygiene practice and WASH criteria's (Water, sanitation and hygiene) related to STH infection among two indigenous tribes in Peninsular Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was carried out to study the relationship among STH infection compared to water quality, sanitation, and hygiene conditions. A total of 190 individuals from two indigenous villages participated in the study, with ages ranging from 5 to 60 years old. In addition, Pearson's Chisquare (X2) test was utilized to test the relationship among STH with demographic socioeconomic and behavioral factors. The confidence interval (CI) of 95% is used to estimate the precision of the odds ratio (OR). Multivariate logistic regression models were also used to identify the risk factors associated with STH infections. The overall findings indicated a prevalence rate of 72% for STH, and distributed mainly among children aged < 12 years. Furthermore, multivariate analyses using logistic regression revealed chronic health problems, incorrect hand washing, and walking bare footed were associated with STH infection. Overall results indicated high prevalence of STH among the indigenous villagers, which aligns with the published literature and proves to be a problem need to be addressed as neglected disease. Interestingly, there was a significant relationship between the presences of chronic diseases and STH infection, which prompted other questions the awareness needs to be educated and the simple and low-cost intervention on the proper way of hand washing may help to reduce STH infection in these indigenous communities.
    Matched MeSH terms: Helminthiasis/ethnology; Helminthiasis/epidemiology*
  8. Fulltext Modelling the ability of mass drug administration to interrupt soil-transmitted helminth transmission: Community-based deworming in Kenya as a case study
    Chong NS, Smith SR, Werkman M, Anderson RM
    PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2021 08;15(8):e0009625.
    PMID: 34339450 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009625
    The World Health Organization has recommended the application of mass drug administration (MDA) in treating high prevalence neglected tropical diseases such as soil-transmitted helminths (STHs), schistosomiasis, lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis and trachoma. MDA-which is safe, effective and inexpensive-has been widely applied to eliminate or interrupt the transmission of STHs in particular and has been offered to people in endemic regions without requiring individual diagnosis. We propose two mathematical models to investigate the impact of MDA on the mean number of worms in both treated and untreated human subpopulations. By varying the efficay of drugs, initial conditions of the models, coverage and frequency of MDA (both annual and biannual), we examine the dynamic behaviour of both models and the possibility of interruption of transmission. Both models predict that the interruption of transmission is possible if the drug efficacy is sufficiently high, but STH infection remains endemic if the drug efficacy is sufficiently low. In between these two critical values, the two models produce different predictions. By applying an additional round of biannual and annual MDA, we find that interruption of transmission is likely to happen in both cases with lower drug efficacy. In order to interrupt the transmission of STH or eliminate the infection efficiently and effectively, it is crucial to identify the appropriate efficacy of drug, coverage, frequency, timing and number of rounds of MDA.
    Matched MeSH terms: Helminthiasis/prevention & control*; Helminthiasis/transmission*
  9. Fulltext Towards an effective control programme of soil-transmitted helminth infections among Orang Asli in rural Malaysia. Part 2: Knowledge, attitude, and practices
    Nasr NA, Al-Mekhlafi HM, Ahmed A, Roslan MA, Bulgiba A
    Parasit Vectors, 2013;6:28.
    PMID: 23356968 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-6-28
    In the first part of this study, we investigated the prevalence and associated key factors of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections among Orang Asli children in rural Malaysia; an alarming high prevalence and five key factors significantly associated with infections were reported. Part 2 of this study aims to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) on STH infections among Orang Asli in Peninsular Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Helminthiasis/ethnology; Helminthiasis/prevention & control*; Helminthiasis/psychology*; Helminthiasis/transmission
  10. Fulltext Developing and evaluating health education learning package (HELP) to control soil-transmitted helminth infections among Orang Asli children in Malaysia
    Al-Delaimy AK, Al-Mekhlafi HM, Lim YA, Nasr NA, Sady H, Atroosh WM, et al.
    Parasit Vectors, 2014;7:416.
    PMID: 25179100 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-416
    This study was carried out to develop a health education learning package (HELP) about soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections, and to evaluate what impact such a package could have in terms of reducing the incidence and intensity of STH infections among Orang Asli schoolchildren in Pahang, Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Helminthiasis/drug therapy; Helminthiasis/prevention & control*
  11. Effect of intestinal helminthiasis on intestinal permeability of early primary schoolchildren
    Raj SM, Sein KT, Anuar AK, Mustaffa BE
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1996 11 1;90(6):666-9.
    PMID: 9015510
    Intestinal permeability of 246 early primary schoolchildren at 2 schools (106 of whom were infected with intestinal helminths) was assessed by using the lactulose/mannitol differential absorption test. The ratio of the urinary recoveries of lactulose and mannitol was determined after oral administration of a standard solution of the 2 sugars. Assessment of intestinal permeability was repeated on 100 infected children after treatment and on a cohort of 68 uninfected children. Infected and uninfected groups were compared with respect to baseline lactulose/mannitol ratio (L/M1) and change in lactulose/mannitol ratio between assessments (delta L/M). The correlations between baseline intensity of infection and L/M1, and between fall in intensity and delta L/M, were evaluated. Based on a crude index of socioeconomic status, each child was assigned to one of 3 socioeconomic groups; all but 3 children belonged to either groups 2 or 3. Trichuris trichiura and Ascaris lumbricoides were the 2 predominant infections; the hookworm infection rate was relatively low. The results suggested that helminthiasis exerted only a marginal effect on intestinal permeability, the impact of which in children from lower socioeconomic backgrounds was negligible in comparison with the cumulative effects of other factors.
    Matched MeSH terms: Helminthiasis/drug therapy; Helminthiasis/metabolism*
  12. Socio-economic factors associated with intestinal parasites among children living in Gombak, Malaysia
    Rajeswari B, Sinniah B, Hussein H
    Asia Pac J Public Health, 1994;7(1):21-5.
    PMID: 8074940
    Fecal specimens collected from 456 school children in Gombak, Malaysia, revealed an overall prevalence rate of 62.9%. The most common parasite found was Trichuris trichiura (47.1%) followed by Giardia intestinalis (14.7%), Entamoeba coli (11.4%), Entamoeba histolytica (9.9%) and Ascaris lumbricoides (7.9%). Infection rates were high among the Indonesian immigrant workers' children (90%) followed by the Orang Asli (79.5%), Malay (59.4%) and Indians (36.4%). Females (66.3%) had a higher prevalence rate than the males (58.5%). The prevalence of infection was found to be associated with the socio-economic status, water supply, sanitary disposal of feces and family size. Albendazole administered as a single dose (400 mg) was found to be effective against Ascaris (100%) and hookworm (92.3%) but was not effective against Trichuris (39.2%).
    Matched MeSH terms: Helminthiasis/economics; Helminthiasis/epidemiology*
  13. Effect of intestinal helminthiasis on school attendance by early primary schoolchildren
    Raj SM, Sein KT, Anuar AK, Mustaffa BE
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1997 3 1;91(2):131-2.
    PMID: 9196748
    Stool examination of 249 early primary schoolchildren at 2 schools in north-eastern peninsular Malaysia revealed that 73 were infected with Ascaris lumbricoides, 103 with Trichuris trichiura, and 18 with hookworms. Infected children were treated with a single dose of 400 mg of albendazole. The school attendance records during a 60 d period before treatment and 2 consecutive 60 d periods after treatment were examined. The absenteeism rate did not improve more among infected children after treatment than it did among the uninfected control children. The correlation between worm intensity and the number of lost school-days was poor. There was no evidence that intestinal helminthiasis caused school absenteeism among this group of children.
    Matched MeSH terms: Helminthiasis/drug therapy*; Helminthiasis/parasitology
  14. Intestinal protozoan and helminth infections and control of soil-transmitted helminths in Malay school children
    Sinniah B
    Public Health, 1984 May;98(3):152-6.
    PMID: 6739708
    Matched MeSH terms: Helminthiasis/drug therapy; Helminthiasis/epidemiology*
  15. Soil-transmitted Helminths in rural infants and children near Kuala Lumpur
    Joe LK, Hoa KE, Kong OC
    Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1971 Jun;2(2):196-200.
    PMID: 5136709
    Matched MeSH terms: Helminthiasis/drug therapy; Helminthiasis/epidemiology*
  16. Fulltext Diagnostic Potential of an IgE-ELISA in Detecting Strongyloidiasis
    Ahmad H, Balachandra D, Arifin N, Nolan TJ, Lok JB, Hayat Khan A, et al.
    Am J Trop Med Hyg, 2020 12;103(6):2288-2293.
    PMID: 32996454 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0265
    Strongyloides stercoralis infection is prevalent worldwide and can cause lifelong infection in immunocompetent individuals, and potentially death in immunosuppressed patients. The diagnosis is hindered by the low sensitivity of microscopic examination, thus making serology an important complementary test to improve the detection rate. However, there were reports that some Strongyloides-infected individuals were negative with specific IgG and IgG4 assays, and other helminth infections were positive with commercial Strongyloides IgG-ELISAs. Thus, there is a need to develop better serodiagnostic methods for strongyloidiasis. We investigated the diagnostic potential of IgE-ELISAs using Strongyloides larval lysate. Sera from two groups infected with Strongyloides served as the positive reference, that is, 1) positive by commercial IgG-ELISAs and IgG4 rapid test, and stool samples positive by microscopy and/or PCR (group IA; n = 20); and 2) negative by IgG-ELISAs and IgG4 rapid test, but stool samples were PCR positive (group IB sera; n = 11). Sera from another two groups served as negative reference (controls), that is, 1) infected with other parasites (group II; n = 73) and 2) healthy donors (group III; n = 22). Results showed a 100% diagnostic sensitivity in detecting sera from groups IA and IB. The latter group of individuals probably had early infection because their IgG and IgG4 assays were negative. The optical density values of group IB sera were also significantly lower than those of group IA (P < 0.003). The IgE-ELISA was 100% specific when tested against sera from groups II and III. This study highlights the diagnostic potential of IgE-ELISA using larval lysate to detect strongyloidiasis, especially those with probable early infection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Helminthiasis/diagnosis; Helminthiasis/immunology
  17. Stray animal and human defecation as sources of soil-transmitted helminth eggs in playgrounds of Peninsular Malaysia
    Mohd Zain SN, Rahman R, Lewis JW
    J Helminthol, 2015 Nov;89(6):740-7.
    PMID: 25273274 DOI: 10.1017/S0022149X14000716
    Soil contaminated with helminth eggs and protozoan cysts is a potential source of infection and poses a threat to the public, especially to young children frequenting playgrounds. The present study determines the levels of infection of helminth eggs in soil samples from urban and suburban playgrounds in five states in Peninsular Malaysia and identifies one source of contamination via faecal screening from stray animals. Three hundred soil samples from 60 playgrounds in five states in Peninsular Malaysia were screened using the centrifugal flotation technique to identify and determine egg/cyst counts per gram (EPG) for each parasite. All playgrounds, especially those in Penang, were found to be contaminated with eggs from four nematode genera, with Toxocara eggs (95.7%) the highest, followed by Ascaris (93.3%), Ancylostoma (88.3%) and Trichuris (77.0%). In addition, faeces from animal shelters were found to contain both helminth eggs and protozoan cysts, with overall infection rates being 54% and 57% for feline and canine samples, respectively. The most frequently occurring parasite in feline samples was Toxocara cati (37%; EPG, 42.47 ± 156.08), while in dog faeces it was Ancylostoma sp. (54%; EPG, 197.16 ± 383.28). Infection levels also tended to be influenced by season, type of park/playground and the texture of soil/faeces. The occurrence of Toxocara, Ancylostoma and Trichuris eggs in soil samples highlights the risk of transmission to the human population, especially children, while the presence of Ascaris eggs suggests a human source of contamination and raises the issue of hygiene standards and public health risks at sites under investigation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Helminthiasis/parasitology*; Helminthiasis/transmission
  18. Fulltext Helminth colonization is associated with increased diversity of the gut microbiota
    Lee SC, Tang MS, Lim YA, Choy SH, Kurtz ZD, Cox LM, et al.
    PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2014 May;8(5):e2880.
    PMID: 24851867 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002880
    Soil-transmitted helminths colonize more than 1.5 billion people worldwide, yet little is known about how they interact with bacterial communities in the gut microbiota. Differences in the gut microbiota between individuals living in developed and developing countries may be partly due to the presence of helminths, since they predominantly infect individuals from developing countries, such as the indigenous communities in Malaysia we examine in this work. We compared the composition and diversity of bacterial communities from the fecal microbiota of 51 people from two villages in Malaysia, of which 36 (70.6%) were infected by helminths. The 16S rRNA V4 region was sequenced at an average of nineteen thousand sequences per samples. Helminth-colonized individuals had greater species richness and number of observed OTUs with enrichment of Paraprevotellaceae, especially with Trichuris infection. We developed a new approach of combining centered log-ratio (clr) transformation for OTU relative abundances with sparse Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (sPLS-DA) to enable more robust predictions of OTU interrelationships. These results suggest that helminths may have an impact on the diversity, bacterial community structure and function of the gut microbiota.
    Matched MeSH terms: Helminthiasis/microbiology*; Helminthiasis/epidemiology; Helminthiasis/parasitology*
  19. Fulltext Soil-transmitted helminth infections and associated risk factors in three Orang Asli tribes in Peninsular Malaysia
    Anuar TS, Salleh FM, Moktar N
    Sci Rep, 2014;4:4101.
    PMID: 24525479 DOI: 10.1038/srep04101
    Currently, information on prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections among different tribes of Orang Asli (aboriginal) is scarce in Malaysia. The present study is a cross-sectional study aimed at determining the factors associated with the prevalence of STH infections among the Proto-Malay, Negrito and Senoi tribes. Faecal samples were collected from 500 participants and socioeconomic data was collected via pre-tested questionnaire. All samples were processed using formalin-ether sedimentation and Wheatley's trichrome staining. Trichuris trichiura (57%) was the most common STH seen among the participants, followed by Ascaris lumbricoides (23.8%) and hookworm (7.4%). Trichuriasis and ascariasis showed an age-dependency relationship; significantly higher rates were observed among Senois who aged <15 years. Likewise, Negritos also showed an age-dependency association with ascariasis affecting mainly the under 15 years old individuals. Multivariate logistic regression model indicated the following predictors of trichuriasis among these communities; being aged <15 years, consuming raw vegetables, belonging to a large household members (≥8) and earning low household income (
    Matched MeSH terms: Helminthiasis/diagnosis*; Helminthiasis/epidemiology; Helminthiasis/parasitology
  20. Fulltext Prevalence and risk factors of intestinal helminth infection among rural malay children
    Huat LB, Mitra AK, Jamil NI, Dam PC, Mohamed HJ, Muda WA
    J Glob Infect Dis, 2012 Jan;4(1):10-4.
    PMID: 22529621 DOI: 10.4103/0974-777X.93753
    Soil-transmitted intestinal helminth infection is prevalent in rural communities of Malaysia. Risk factors contributing to helminth infections are largely unknown in the country.
    Matched MeSH terms: Helminthiasis
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